{"id":33056,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","title":{"rendered":"A Linux 5.1 kernel kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00e9t h\u00f3nap fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/5\/5\/278\">bemutatott<\/a><\/noindex> a kernel kiad\u00e1s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\">Linux 5.1<\/a><\/noindex>. A legfontosabb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik: \u00faj fel\u00fclet az aszinkron I\/O-hoz io_uring, az NVDIMM haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge RAM-k\u00e9nt, a Nouveau \u00e1ltal a megosztott virtu\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ria t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl nagy f\u00e1jlrendszerek sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3 megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a fanotify r\u00e9v\u00e9n, a Zstd t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si szintek konfigur\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge a Btrfs-ben, az \u00faj cpuidle TEO kezel\u0151, a 2038-as \u00e9v probl\u00e9m\u00e1ira vonatkoz\u00f3 rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1sok megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa, a device-mapper eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kr\u0151l val\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1s initramfs n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, a SafeSetID LSM modul, \u00e9s a kombin\u00e1lt live-patch-ek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.1\">F\u0151<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/783084\">\u00fajdons\u00e1gok<\/a><\/noindex>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Lemezszubsziszt\u00e9ma, bemenet\/kipontoz\u00e1s \u00e9s f\u00e1jlrendszerek<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3sult egy \u00faj fel\u00fclet aszinkron bemenetre\/kimenetre \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/kernel.dk\/io_uring.pdf\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex>, amely kiemelkedik a bemeneti\/kimeneti polling t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s a pufferelt, valamint a puffer n\u00e9lk\u00fcli m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Eml\u00e9keztetj\u00fck, hogy a kor\u00e1bban javasolt aszinkron bemeneti\/kimeneti mechanizmus &#171;aio&#187; nem t\u00e1mogatta a pufferelt bemenetet\/kimenetet, csak az O_DIRECT m\u00f3dban (pufferel\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, a cache megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel) m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt, blokkol\u00e1si probl\u00e9m\u00e1i voltak a metainform\u00e1ci\u00f3k el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9re val\u00f3 v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1s miatt, \u00e9s jelent\u0151s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gekkel j\u00e1rt az adatok mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba m\u00e1sol\u00e1sa miatt.\n<p>Az API keretein bel\u00fcl<br \/>\naz io_uring fejleszt\u0151i megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k kik\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6lni a r\u00e9gi aio interf\u00e9sz h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyait. Az <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-block\/20190116175003.17880-1-axboe@kernel.dk\/\">teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny<\/a><\/noindex> io_uring nagyon k\u00f6zel \u00e1ll a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/spdk.io\/\">SPDK<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9s l\u00e9nyegesen megel\u0151zi a libaio-t polling enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9se mellett. Az io_uring haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 v\u00e9gs\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz egy k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git.kernel.dk\/cgit\/liburing\/\">liburing<\/a><\/noindex>, amely egy magas szint\u0171 burkolatot biztos\u00edt a kernel interf\u00e9sz felett;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A f\u00e1jlrendszer esem\u00e9nyfigyel\u0151 mechanizmus\u00e1ban a fanotify() <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amir73il\/fsnotify-utils\/wiki\/Super-block-root-watch\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00e1mogatja a superblokk \u00e9s a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ext4.wiki.kernel.org\/index.php\/Ext4_Disk_Layout\">dirent<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9t (mapp\u00e1k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak, t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s \u00e1thelyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek esem\u00e9nyei). Az \u00fajonnan bemutatott funkci\u00f3k seg\u00edtenek megoldani azokat a sk\u00e1l\u00e1z\u00e1si probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat, amelyek a nagyon nagy f\u00e1jlrendszerekben t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 rekurz\u00edv v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sfigyel\u00e9sek sor\u00e1n jelentkeznek az inotify mechanizmussal (a dirent v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat kor\u00e1bban csak az inotify-n kereszt\u00fcl lehetett nyomon k\u00f6vetni, de<br \/>\na nagy, egym\u00e1sba \u00e1gyazott mapp\u00e1k rekurz\u00edv figyel\u00e9se sor\u00e1n a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g messze nem volt megfelel\u0151). Most az ilyen megfigyel\u00e9s a fanotify seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel hat\u00e9konyan v\u00e9gezhet\u0151;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A Btrfs f\u00e1jlrendszerben <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3f93aef535c8ea03e40cd8acf0753b3e6ed33e96\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> a zstd algoritmushoz a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si szint be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, amely optim\u00e1lis kompromisszumnak tekinthet\u0151 a gyors, de nem hat\u00e9kony lz4 \u00e9s a lass\u00fa, de j\u00f3l t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u0151 xz k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Hasonl\u00f3an ahhoz, ahogyan kor\u00e1bban be lehetett \u00e1ll\u00edtani a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si szintet a zlib haszn\u00e1latakor, a zstd-hez hozz\u00e1 lett adva a &#171;-o compress=zstd:level&#187; mount option t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. Tesztel\u00e9s sor\u00e1n az els\u0151 minim\u00e1lis szint 2,658-szoros adatmennyis\u00e9g t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9st biztos\u00edtott 438,47 MB\/s t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si sebess\u00e9ggel, 910,51 MB\/s kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9si sebess\u00e9ggel \u00e9s 780 MB mem\u00f3riafogyaszt\u00e1ssal, m\u00edg a maxim\u00e1lis 15-\u00f6s szint 3,126-szoros t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9st biztos\u00edtott, de csak 37,30 MB\/s t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si sebess\u00e9ggel, 878,84 MB\/s kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9si sebess\u00e9ggel \u00e9s 2547 MB mem\u00f3riafogyaszt\u00e1ssal;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/plain\/Documentation\/device-mapper\/dm-init.txt?id=6bbc923dfcf57d6b97388819a7393835664c7a8e\">Hozz\u00e1adva<\/a><\/noindex> a device-mapper eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n elhelyezked\u0151 f\u00e1jlrendszerr\u0151l t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 ind\u00edt\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge initramfs alkalmaz\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. A jelenlegi kiad\u00e1s \u00f3ta a device-mapper k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1skor, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszerk\u00e9nt. A part\u00edci\u00f3 be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa a &#171;dm-mod.create&#187; ind\u00edt\u00e1si param\u00e9ter seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A device-mapper sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra enged\u00e9lyezett bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si modulok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepelnek: &#171;crypt&#187;, &#171;delay&#187;, &#171;linear&#187;, &#171;snapshot-origin&#187; \u00e9s &#171;verity&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> A Flash-alap\u00fa F2FS f\u00e1jlrendszerhez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az F2FS_NOCOW_FL z\u00e1szl\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a copy-on-write m\u00f3d letilt\u00e1s\u00e1t a megadott f\u00e1jl sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernelb\u0151l elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a f\u00e1jlrendszer <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=22084\">Exofs<\/a><\/noindex>, amely az ext2 egy v\u00e1ltozata, amelyet objektum alap\u00fa t\u00e1rol\u00f3eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z (OSD) alkalmaztak. Elt\u00e1vol\u00edtott\u00e1k a SCSI protokoll t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t is az ilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa objektumt\u00e1rol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s biztons\u00e1g<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A prctl()-hez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC opci\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a kiv\u00e1lasztott folyamatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a spekulat\u00edv utas\u00edt\u00e1s-v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t. Az \u00faj opci\u00f3 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a spekulat\u00edv v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s szelekt\u00edv letilt\u00e1s\u00e1t olyan folyamatok eset\u00e9ben, amelyek potenci\u00e1lisan t\u00e1madhat\u00f3k Spectre t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok r\u00e9v\u00e9n. A blokkol\u00e1s az els\u0151 exec() h\u00edv\u00e1sig \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes;\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k az LSM-modult <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/LSM\/SafeSetID.html\">SafeSetID<\/a><\/noindex>, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a rendszer szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy biztons\u00e1gosan kezelj\u00e9k a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kat emelt jogosults\u00e1gok (CAP_SETUID) \u00e9s a root felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i jogok megszerz\u00e9se n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. A jogosults\u00e1gok kioszt\u00e1sa a securityfs-ben a megengedett k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9sek alapj\u00e1n egy feh\u00e9r lista szab\u00e1lyainak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1val t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik (&#171;UID1:UID2&#187; form\u00e1tumban);\n<li class=\"l\"> Alacsony szint\u0171 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok ker\u00fcltek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra a biztons\u00e1gi modulok (LSM) bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek verem rendszer\u00e9hez. Bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt egy &#171;lsm&#187; ind\u00edt\u00e1si param\u00e9ter, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt modulokat \u00e9s a bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00fck sorrendj\u00e9t ir\u00e1ny\u00edtsuk;\n<li class=\"l\"> A napl\u00f3z\u00e1si rendszer t\u00e1mogat\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt a f\u00e1jlnevek n\u00e9vterei sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/81a56f6dcd20\">Kib\u0151v\u00fclt<\/a><\/noindex> A GCC plug-in structleak funkci\u00f3i lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a potenci\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ria sziv\u00e1rg\u00e1sok blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1t. B\u00e1rmely v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1sa, amely a k\u00f3don bel\u00fcl referencia \u00fatj\u00e1n haszn\u00e1latos a verem ter\u00fclet\u00e9n;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>H\u00e1l\u00f3zati alrendszer<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az aljzatokhoz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f5dd3d0c9638\">megval\u00f3s\u00edtva<\/a><\/noindex> \u00faj &#171;SO_BINDTOIFINDEX&#187; opci\u00f3, amely hasonl\u00f3 a<br \/>\n&#171;SO_BINDTODEVICE&#187;, de a param\u00e9terek\u00e9nt a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sz indexsz\u00e1m\u00e1t v\u00e1rja, nem pedig a n\u00e9v\u00e9t;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A mac80211 verembe be\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, hogy egy eszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z t\u00f6bb BSSID (MAC-c\u00edm) rendelhet\u0151. A WiFi teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyoptimaliz\u00e1l\u00f3 projekt keret\u00e9ben figyelembe lett v\u00e9ve az \u00e9terid\u0151 eloszt\u00e1sa, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt az \u00e9terid\u0151 megoszt\u00e1sa t\u00f6bb \u00e1llom\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tt (hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pont \u00fczemm\u00f3dban kevesebb id\u0151t kapnak a lass\u00fa vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e1llom\u00e1sok, ellent\u00e9tben az \u00f6sszes \u00e1llom\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti egyenletes eloszt\u00e1ssal);\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a &#171;mechanizmus&#187;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=db2ab7a08f06\">devlink health<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, amely \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9seket biztos\u00edt a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sszel kapcsolatos probl\u00e9m\u00e1k felmer\u00fcl\u00e9sekor;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s rendszerszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/a9dce6679d736cb3d612af39bab9f31f8db66f9b\">a parancsok<\/a><\/noindex> a jelek biztons\u00e1gos k\u00fcld\u00e9se, figyelembe v\u00e9ve a PID \u00fajrahaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy kill h\u00edv\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sakor kor\u00e1bban el\u0151fordulhatott, hogy k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a jel k\u00fcld\u00e9se ut\u00e1n a c\u00e9l PID ki lett szabad\u00edtva a folyamat befejez\u00e9se miatt, \u00e9s egy m\u00e1sik folyamat foglalta el; ennek a helyzetnek az elker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben \u00faj rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1s ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre, a pidfd_send_signal, amely f\u00e1jlkezel\u0151ket haszn\u00e1l a \/proc\/pid k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rb\u00f3l, hogy stabil kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1st biztos\u00edtson a folyamathoz. M\u00e9g ha a PID \u00fajra felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl a rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1s feldolgoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n, a f\u00e1jlkezel\u0151 nem v\u00e1ltozik v\u00e0ltozik, \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gosan haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a jel folyamathoz t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/777212\/\">Hozz\u00e1adva<\/a><\/noindex> a tart\u00f3s mem\u00f3ria eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge (persistent-memory, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NVDIMM\">NVDIMM-et haszn\u00e1l.<\/a><\/noindex>) mint mem\u00f3ria form\u00e1j\u00e1ban. Kor\u00e1bban az ilyen eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k t\u00e1rol\u00f3eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dtek a magban, de most m\u00e1r haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k tov\u00e1bbi operat\u00edv mem\u00f3riak\u00e9nt is. E lehet\u0151s\u00e9g azokra a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i ig\u00e9nyekre reag\u00e1l, akik hajland\u00f3ak elfogadni a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nybeli h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyokat, \u00e9s szeretn\u00e9k haszn\u00e1lni a Linux kernel mem\u00f3riakezel\u00e9si API-j\u00e1t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 mem\u00f3riaeloszt\u00f3 rendszerek helyett, amelyek mmapot haszn\u00e1lnak a dax f\u00e1jlhoz;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj CPU inaktivit\u00e1s kezel\u0151 (cpuidle) ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre, amely meghat\u00e1rozza, mikor lehet a CPU-t m\u00e9ly energiatakar\u00e9kos \u00fczemm\u00f3dba kapcsolni; min\u00e9l m\u00e9lyebb az \u00fczemm\u00f3d \u2014 ann\u00e1l nagyobb a megtakar\u00edt\u00e1s, de ann\u00e1l t\u00f6bb id\u0151re van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a kiugr\u00e1shoz. A TEO (Timer Events Oriented Governor) n\u00e9ven ismert, eddig k\u00e9t cpuidle kezel\u0151 l\u00e9tezett \u2014 &#171;menu&#187; \u00e9s &#171;ladder&#187;, amelyek elt\u00e9rnek a heurisztik\u00e1ban. A &#171;menu&#187; kezel\u0151 ismert probl\u00e9m\u00e1kkal k\u00fczd\u00f6tt a heurisztikus d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatallal kapcsolatban, \u00edgy sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9 v\u00e1lt egy \u00faj kezel\u0151 fejleszt\u00e9se. A TEO, mint alternat\u00edva a &#171;menu&#187; kezel\u0151vel szemben, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a magasabb teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t ugyanazon energiaszint mellett.<br \/>\nAz \u00faj kezel\u0151 aktiv\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a &#171;cpuidle.governor=teo&#187; ind\u00edt\u00f3 param\u00e9ter haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A folyamat sor\u00e1n, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_2038_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">2038-as probl\u00e9m\u00e1t\u00f3l<\/a><\/noindex>, amely a 32 bites time_t t\u00edpus t\u00falcsordul\u00e1sa miatt k\u00f6vetkezett be, bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fcltek a rendszeren bel\u00fcli h\u00edv\u00e1sok, amelyek a 32 bites architekt\u00far\u00e1k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra 64 bites id\u0151sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3kat k\u00edn\u00e1lnak. Ennek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a 64 bites time_t strukt\u00fara mostant\u00f3l minden architekt\u00far\u00e1ban alkalmazhat\u00f3. Hasonl\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sokat hajtottak v\u00e9gre a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati alrendszerben is az opci\u00f3khoz; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/networking\/timestamping.txt\">timestamp<\/a><\/noindex>  h\u00e1l\u00f3zati socketek;\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernel \u00e9l\u0151 patchel\u00e9si rendszere (live patching) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/tree\/Documentation\/livepatch\/cumulative-patches.txt?id=c4e6874f2a2965e932f4a5cf2631bc6024e55021\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> az &#171;Atomic Replace&#187; lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi egy funkci\u00f3hoz tartoz\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sok sorozat\u00e1nak atomikus alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ez a funkci\u00f3 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 jav\u00edt\u00f3csomagok terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9t, amelyek t\u00f6bb v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1st \u00f6lelnek fel, ahelyett, hogy bonyolult, \u00e9l\u0151 jav\u00edt\u00e1sok egym\u00e1s ut\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1val kellene foglalkozni. Kor\u00e1bban minden egyes k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1snak az el\u0151z\u0151 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s ut\u00e1n a funkci\u00f3 \u00e1llapot\u00e1t kellett figyelembe vennie, mostant\u00f3l t\u00f6bb v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s egy\u00fcttes terjeszt\u00e9se lehets\u00e9ges, amely egy adott kiindul\u00e1si \u00e1llapothoz van k\u00f6tve (vagyis a t\u00e1mogat\u00f3k egyetlen \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 jav\u00edt\u00e1st tarthatnak karban az alapkernelhez k\u00e9pest, ahelyett, hogy egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151 jav\u00edt\u00e1sok l\u00e1ncolat\u00e1t kellene kezelni\u00fck);\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eac616557050737a8d6ef6fe0322d0980ff0ffde\">Bejelentett\u00e9k<\/a><\/noindex> elavult a a.out form\u00e1tum\u00fa v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa \u00e9s<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=08300f4402abc0eb3bc9c91b27a529836710d32d\">elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl<\/a><\/noindex> a core-f\u00e1jlok a.out form\u00e1tumban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00f3d, amely elhagyott \u00e1llapotban van. Az a.out form\u00e1tum r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem elterjedt a Linux rendszereken, \u00e9s az a.out f\u00e1jlok gener\u00e1l\u00e1sa m\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem t\u00e1mogatott a modern eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00e1ltal Linux konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3ban alap\u00e9rtelmezetten. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, az a.out f\u00e1jlok bet\u00f6lt\u0151je teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben val\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 meg;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A BPF-programok ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si mechanizmus\u00e1hoz hozz\u00e1adva a nem haszn\u00e1lt k\u00f3d meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge. A kernelbe emellett a BPF alrendszer spinlock t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 jav\u00edt\u00f3csomagok is beker\u00fcltek, amelyek tov\u00e1bbi lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket biztos\u00edtanak a BPF-programok p\u00e1rhuzamos v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardver<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A Nouveau illeszt\u0151programban <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eeaf06ac1a5584e41cf289f8351e446bb131374b\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> a heterog\u00e9n mem\u00f3ria kezel\u00e9s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a CPU \u00e9s GPU k\u00f6z\u00f6s szinkroniz\u00e1lt mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t. A megosztott virtu\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ria (SVM, shared virtual memory) a HMM (Heterogeneous memory management) alrendszer alapj\u00e1n val\u00f3sul meg, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a saj\u00e1t mem\u00f3ria kezel\u0151 egys\u00e9ggel (MMU, memory management unit) rendelkez\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t a f\u0151mem\u00f3ri\u00e1hoz. A HMM seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00f6z\u00f6s c\u00edmz\u00e9si t\u00e9r hozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9tre a GPU \u00e9s a CPU k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, amelyben a GPU hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet a folyamat f\u0151mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1hoz. Az SVM t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa jelenleg csak a Pascal csal\u00e1d GPU-i sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00e9rhet\u0151 el, b\u00e1r a Volta \u00e9s Turing GPU-k eset\u00e9ben is biztos\u00edtott a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, a Nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f180bf12ac061f093abb9247505f661817973cae\">hozz\u00e1adva<\/a><\/noindex> \u00faj ioctl a folyamatok mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcleteinek migr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re a GPU mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ba;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az Intel DRM-illeszt\u0151programj\u00e1ban a Skylake \u00e9s \u00fajabb GPU-k (gen9+) sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7360c9f6b857e22a48e545f4e99c79630994e932\">bekapcsolva<\/a><\/noindex> alap\u00e9rtelmezett gyorsind\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3d, amely kiz\u00e1rja a felesleges \u00fczemm\u00f3dv\u00e1lt\u00e1sokat a rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5e0f5a58b167fc2c8352d90c0faa8c0c9ca75c26\">Hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/03ca3cf8e9aa7549e6c398462af0f68bdd43e7fe\">\u00faj<\/a><\/noindex> Coffelake \u00e9s Ice Lake mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1kon alapul\u00f3 eszk\u00f6zazonos\u00edt\u00f3k. Coffelake chipek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c3b5a8430daadf5b8ec9757d6c81149903cbe99f\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> GVT t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41187\">GPU virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex>). Virtu\u00e1lis GPU-k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=39c68e87bc50a71bcfe93582d9b0673ef30db418\">megval\u00f3s\u00edtva<\/a><\/noindex> VFIO EDID t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s. MIPI\/DSI LCD panelekhez <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7b5618f4b834330a052958db934c3dffad4a15c2\">hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> ACPI\/PMIC elemek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a0ff6779c75fe86a66b8c2eb439a40a12139eb02\">Megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k<\/a><\/noindex> \u00faj TV-m\u00f3dok 1080p30\/50\/60 TV;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az amdgpu illeszt\u0151programba be lett \u00e9p\u00edtve a Vega10\/20 BACO GPU-k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. Megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcltek a Vega 10\/20 energiafogyaszt\u00e1s-vez\u00e9rl\u00e9se \u00e9s a Vega 10 h\u0171t\u0151vez\u00e9rl\u00e9si t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatai. \u00daj PCI-eszk\u00f6zazonos\u00edt\u00f3k ker\u00fcltek bevezet\u00e9sre a Picasso GPU-k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=67dd1a36334ffce82bebeb2d633e152aa436d370\">az \u201eAlkalmaz\u00e1s\u201d eszk\u00f6z<\/a><\/noindex> tervezett f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9gek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek interf\u00e9sze a holtpontok elker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=557c37360eca864eba692be7b7b72ec937b330af\">az \u201eAlkalmaz\u00e1s\u201d eszk\u00f6z<\/a><\/noindex> DRM\/KMS illeszt\u0151program k\u00e9perny\u0151m\u0171veletek gyors\u00edt\u00f3ihoz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/community.arm.com\/developer\/tools-software\/graphics\/b\/blog\/posts\/mali-d71-and-the-next-generation-display-solution\">ARM Komeda<\/a><\/noindex> (Mali D71);\n<li class=\"l\"> Toppoly TPG110, Sitronix ST7701, PDA 91-00156-A0, LeMaker BL035-RGB-002 3.5 \u00e9s Kingdisplay kd097d04 k\u00e9perny\u0151panelek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa ker\u00fclt beemel\u00e9sre;\n<li class=\"l\"> Rockchip RK3328, Cirrus Logic CS4341 \u00e9s CS35L36, MediaTek MT6358, Qualcomm WCD9335 \u00e9s Ingenic JZ4725B, valamint a Mediatek MT8183 hangplatform t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak bevezet\u00e9se t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt.\n<li class=\"l\"> STMicroelectronics FMC2, Amlogic Meson NAND-vez\u00e9rl\u0151k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Habana AI hardvergyors\u00edt\u00f3k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa.\n<li class=\"l\"> gigabites Ethernet-vez\u00e9rl\u0151k NXP ENETC \u00e9s MediaTek MT7603E (PCIe) \u00e9s MT76x8 vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli interf\u00e9szek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Egyszerre Latin-Amerikai Szabad Szoftver Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">megalap\u00edtotta<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\na verzi\u00f3t <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">teljesen szabad 5.1-es kernel<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.1-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.1-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, tiszt\u00edtva a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 \u00e1ltal korl\u00e1tozott terjedelm\u0171 z\u00e1rt k\u00f3dokat vagy drivereket tartalmaz\u00f3 firmware elemek elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. Az \u00faj kiad\u00e1sban letiltott\u00e1k a blobok bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t az mt7603 \u00e9s goya illeszt\u0151programokban. Friss\u00fclt a blobok tiszt\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00f3dja a wilc1000, iwlwifi, soc-acpi-intel, brcmfmac, mwifiex, btmrvl, btmtk \u00e9s touchscreen_dmi illeszt\u0151programokban \u00e9s alrendszerekben. A lantiq xrx200 firmware bet\u00f6lt\u0151 tiszt\u00edt\u00e1sa le\u00e1llt a kernelb\u0151l val\u00f3 elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa miatt.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.1. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 io_uring, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f NVDIMM \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041e\u0417\u0423, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Nouveau \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0424\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 fanotify, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f Zstd \u0432 Btrfs, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a cpuidle TEO, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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