{"id":33434,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","slug":"kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9s az objektum-orient\u00e1lt mem\u00f3riarchitekt\u00far\u00e1ban","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A MIT m\u00e9rn\u00f6ki csapata egy objektum-orient\u00e1lt mem\u00f3riahierarchi\u00e1t fejlesztett ki a hat\u00e9konyabb adathaszn\u00e1lat \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. A cikkben megvizsg\u00e1ljuk, hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik ez.<\/p>\n

\"Hogyan<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ PxHere<\/noindex> \/ PD<\/i><\/p>\n

Ismert, hogy a modern CPU-k teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9se nem j\u00e1r egy\u00fctt az mem\u00f3riahozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9s\u00e9nek megfelel\u0151 cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9vel. Az \u00e9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 mutat\u00f3k elt\u00e9r\u00e9se ak\u00e1r t\u00edzszeres is lehet (PDF, 3. oldal<\/a><\/noindex>). Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt sz\u0171k keresztmetszet alakul ki, amely megakad\u00e1lyozza az er\u0151forr\u00e1sok teljes kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s lelass\u00edtja az adatok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

A teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nycs\u00f6kken\u00e9st a dekompresszi\u00f3s k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9s okozza. N\u00e9ha ak\u00e1r 64 processzor ciklus is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges lehet az adatok el\u0151zetes dekompresszi\u00f3j\u00e1hoz. <\/p>\n

\u00d6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sk\u00e9ppen: a lebeg\u0151pontos sz\u00e1mok \u00f6sszead\u00e1sa \u00e9s szorz\u00e1sa legfeljebb<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00edz ciklusba telik. A probl\u00e9ma az, hogy a mem\u00f3ria r\u00f6gz\u00edtett m\u00e9ret\u0171 adathalmokkal dolgozik, m\u00edg az alkalmaz\u00e1sok v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 m\u00e9ret\u0171 \u00e9s elt\u00e9r\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa objektumokkal oper\u00e1lnak. A helyzet megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra a MIT m\u00e9rn\u00f6kei objektum-orient\u00e1lt mem\u00f3riahierarchi\u00e1t fejlesztettek ki, amely optimaliz\u00e1lja az adatok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik a technol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n

\nA megold\u00e1s h\u00e1rom technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00fcl: Hotpads, Zippads \u00e9s a COCO t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9si algoritmusra.<\/p>\n

A Hotpads egy programoz\u00e1s \u00e1ltal vez\u00e9relt ak\u00e1rhagyma-nyerezenet (scratchpad<\/a><\/noindex>). Ezeket a regisztereket p\u00e1doknak (pads) h\u00edvj\u00e1k, \u00e9s h\u00e1rom szinten L1-t\u0151l L3-ig tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Ezen p\u00e1dokban k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9ret\u0171 objektumok, metaadatok \u00e9s pointerek t\u00f6mbjei t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben az architekt\u00fara egy cache-rendszert k\u00e9pvisel, amely az objektumok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re specializ\u00e1lt. Az a szint, ahol az objektum tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg, hogy milyen gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Ha az egyik szint \"t\u00falterhel\u0151dik\", a rendszer egy olyan mechanizmust ind\u00edt el, amely hasonl\u00f3 a Java vagy Go nyelvek \"garbage collector\" - h\u00e9z\u00e9seihez. Ez elemzi, hogy mely objektumokat haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a legkev\u00e9sb\u00e9, \u00e9s automatikusan \u00e1thelyezi azokat a szintek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\n

A Zippads a Hotpads alapj\u00e1n m\u0171k\u00f6dik - archiv\u00e1lja \u00e9s dearchiv\u00e1lja az adatokat, amelyek a hierarchia utols\u00f3 k\u00e9t szintj\u00e9r\u0151l - az L3 p\u00e1d \u00e9s a f\u0151 mem\u00f3ria - \u00e9rkeznek vagy t\u00e1voznak. Az els\u0151 \u00e9s m\u00e1sodik p\u00e1dokon az adatok v\u00e1ltozatlan form\u00e1ban t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n \"Hogyan
\n
\nA Zippads t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edti azokat az objektumokat, amelyek m\u00e9rete nem haladja meg a 128 b\u00e1jtot. A nagyobb objektumok darabokra oszlanak, amelyeket k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mem\u00f3riahelyeken t\u00e1rolnak. A fejleszt\u0151k szerint ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s n\u00f6veli a hat\u00e9konyan felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 mem\u00f3ria ar\u00e1ny\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Az objektumok t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re a COCO (Cross-Object COmpression) algoritmus haszn\u00e1latos, amelyr\u0151l a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kben besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk, b\u00e1r a rendszer k\u00e9pes m\u0171k\u00f6dni a Base-Delta-Immediate<\/a><\/noindex> vagy FPC<\/a><\/noindex>. A COCO algoritmus a differenci\u00e1lis t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9s egyik form\u00e1ja (differential compression<\/a><\/noindex>). \u00d6sszehasonl\u00edtja az objektumokat a \u201eb\u00e1zis\u201d objektumokkal, \u00e9s elt\u00e1vol\u00edtja a redund\u00e1ns biteket \u2014 l\u00e1sd az al\u00e1bbi \u00e1br\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

\"Hogyan<\/p>\n

A MIT m\u00e9rn\u00f6kei szerint az objektumorient\u00e1lt mem\u00f3riastrukt\u00far\u00e1juk 17%-kal hat\u00e9konyabban m\u0171k\u00f6dik, mint a klasszikus megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek. Sokkal k\u00f6zelebb \u00e1ll a modern alkalmaz\u00e1sok architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1hoz, ez\u00e9rt az \u00faj m\u00f3dszernek van potenci\u00e1lja.<\/p>\n

El\u0151rejelz\u00e9sek szerint a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t els\u0151sorban azok a c\u00e9gek kezdhetik haszn\u00e1lni, amelyek nagy adatmennyis\u00e9gekkel \u00e9s g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1sa algoritmusokkal dolgoznak. Egy m\u00e1sik potenci\u00e1lis ir\u00e1ny a felh\u0151platformok. Az IaaS szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlik hat\u00e9konyabban dolgozni a virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3val, adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1si rendszerekkel \u00e9s sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si er\u0151forr\u00e1sokkal.<\/p>\n

Tov\u00e1bbi forr\u00e1saink \u00e9s er\u0151forr\u00e1saink:<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hogyan \u201eHogyan \u00e9p\u00edtj\u00fck az IaaS-t\u201d: anyagok a 1cloud munk\u00e1j\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Hogyan Az 1cloud felh\u0151architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1nak evol\u00faci\u00f3ja<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Hogyan Objektum t\u00e1rol\u00f3 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s az 1cloud-on<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Hogyan Lehets\u00e9ges t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok a HTTPS ellen \u00e9s a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s m\u00f3djai<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Hogyan Mik a hasonl\u00f3s\u00e1gok \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek a Continuous Delivery \u00e9s a Continuous Integration megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Hogyan Hogyan v\u00e9dj\u00fck meg a szervert az interneten: az 1cloud tapasztalatai<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 MIT \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430. \/ PxHere \/ PD \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 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