{"id":33708,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uyazvimost-exchange-kak-obnaruzhit-povyshenie-privilegij-do-administratora-domena\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:17","slug":"uyazvimost-exchange-kak-obnaruzhit-povyshenie-privilegij-do-administratora-domena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uyazvimost-exchange-kak-obnaruzhit-povyshenie-privilegij-do-administratora-domena","title":{"rendered":"Exchange sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g: hogyan lehet felfedezni a domain adminisztr\u00e1tori jogosults\u00e1gok n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Id\u00e9n \u00e9szlelt sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g az Exchange-ben<\/a><\/noindex> lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a domain b\u00e1rmely felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3ja domain adminisztr\u00e1tori jogokat szerezzen, \u00e9s kompromitt\u00e1lja az Active Directoryt (AD) \u00e9s m\u00e1s csatlakoztatott hosztokat. Ma elmondjuk, hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik ez a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s \u00e9s hogyan lehet \u00e9szlelni. <\/p>\n

\"Exchange
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n \u00cdme, hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik ez a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 megszerzi egy domain felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 akt\u00edv levelez\u0151 fi\u00f3kj\u00e1t, hogy feliratkozzon az Exchange push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9si funkci\u00f3j\u00e1ra.<\/li>\n
  2. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 NTLM relay-t haszn\u00e1l az Exchange szerver megt\u00e9veszt\u00e9s\u00e9re: \u00edgy az Exchange szerver a kompromitt\u00e1lt felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3dik az NTLM over HTTP m\u00f3dszerrel, amelyet a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 ezut\u00e1n az LDAP hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si proced\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1n val\u00f3 \u00e1thalad\u00e1shoz haszn\u00e1l a Exchange fi\u00f3k adataival.<\/li>\n
  3. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 az Exchange fi\u00f3k jogosults\u00e1gait haszn\u00e1lja fel a jogosults\u00e1gai n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re. Ez az utols\u00f3 l\u00e9p\u00e9s szint\u00e9n v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 egy m\u00e1r legitim hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 k\u00e1rt\u00e9konyan be\u00e1ll\u00edtott adminisztr\u00e1tor \u00e1ltal, aki v\u00e9grehajthatja a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges jogosults\u00e1gm\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1st. Ha l\u00e9trehoz egy szab\u00e1lyt e tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g \u00e9szlel\u00e9s\u00e9re, v\u00e9dve lesz ett\u0151l \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokt\u00f3l.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nEzt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul elind\u00edthatja a DCSync-et, hogy megszerezze a domain \u00f6sszes felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3j\u00e1nak hash-elt jelszavait. Ez lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokat hajtson v\u00e9gre \u2014 a golden ticket t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokt\u00f3l a hash-\u00e1tad\u00e1sokig.<\/p>\n

    A Varonis kutat\u00f3csapata r\u00e9szletesen megvizsg\u00e1lta ezt a t\u00e1mad\u00e1si vektort, \u00e9s elk\u00e9sz\u00edtett egy \u00fatmutat\u00f3t \u00fcgyfeleink sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a felismer\u00e9s\u00e9hez, mik\u00f6zben ellen\u0151rizt\u00e9k, hogy m\u00e1r kompromitt\u00e1l\u00f3dtak-e.<\/p>\n

    Domain jogosults\u00e1g-n\u00f6vel\u00e9s \u00e9szlel\u00e9se<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \nA DatAlert<\/a><\/noindex> hozzon l\u00e9tre egy egyedi szab\u00e1lyt a konkr\u00e9t objektumok bizonyos jogosults\u00e1gainak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sainak nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re. Ez aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik, amikor jogosults\u00e1gokat \u00e9s enged\u00e9lyeket adnak hozz\u00e1 a domain \u00e9rdekelt objektum\u00e1hoz:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Adja meg a szab\u00e1ly nev\u00e9t<\/li>\n
    2. \u00c1ll\u00edtsa be a kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1t \"Jogosults\u00e1g-n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\" kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ra <\/li>\n
    3. Adjon meg \u00e9rt\u00e9ket az er\u0151forr\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00e1hoz \"Minden er\u0151forr\u00e1st\u00edpus\" <\/li>\n
    4. F\u00e1jl szerver = DirectoryServices <\/li>\n
    5. Adja meg a k\u00edv\u00e1nt domaint, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul n\u00e9v szerint <\/li>\n
    6. Adjon hozz\u00e1 sz\u0171r\u0151t az AD objektum enged\u00e9lyeinek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz <\/li>\n
    7. \u00c9s ne felejtse el hagyni a \"Keres\u00e9s a gyermekobjektumokban\" opci\u00f3t kiemel\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"Exchange
      \n<\/p>\n

      Most pedig a jelent\u00e9s: objektumjogosults\u00e1g-v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok \u00e9szlel\u00e9se a domainen <\/b><\/h2>\n

      \nAz AD-objektumok jogosults\u00e1gainak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa meglehet\u0151sen ritka jelens\u00e9g, ez\u00e9rt mindent, ami ezt a figyelmeztet\u00e9st kiv\u00e1ltotta, ki kell vizsg\u00e1lni. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9rdemes lenne tesztelni a jelent\u00e9s kin\u00e9zet\u00e9t \u00e9s tartalm\u00e1t, miel\u0151tt a szab\u00e1lyt alkalmazn\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

      Ez a jelent\u00e9s azt is megmutatja, hogy m\u00e1r kompromitt\u00e1lva lett-e a rendszer e t\u00e1mad\u00e1s \u00e1ltal:<\/p>\n

      \"Exchange
      \n
      \nA szab\u00e1ly aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151en minden egy\u00e9b emelt szint\u0171 esem\u00e9nyt nyomozhat a DatAlert webb\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151 fel\u00fclet\u00e9n:<\/p>\n

      \"Exchange
      \n
      \nA szab\u00e1ly be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n nyomon k\u00f6vetheti \u00e9s megv\u00e9dheti mag\u00e1t ezen \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 t\u00edpus\u00fa biztons\u00e1gi sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gekkel szemben, nyomozhat a AD-katal\u00f3gus szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok objektumaival kapcsolatos esem\u00e9nyek ut\u00e1n, \u00e9s ellen\u0151rizheti, hogy ki van-e t\u00e9ve ennek a kritikus sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gnek.
      \n
      Forr\u00e1s:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 Exchange \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Active Directory (AD) \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430: \u0417\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Exchange sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g: hogyan lehet \u00e9szlelni a domainadminisztr\u00e1tori jogok emel\u00e9s\u00e9t | ProHoster","description":"Az id\u00e9n felfedezett Exchange sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy b\u00e1rmely domain 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\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 Exchange \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 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