{"id":34006,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","slug":"printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","title":{"rendered":"A VRRP protokoll m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si elve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

FHRP (Els\u0151 Hop Redundancia Protokoll)<\/b> \u2014 olyan protokollok csal\u00e1dja, amelyet a default \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3 redundanci\u00e1j\u00e1nak l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra terveztek. A protokollok k\u00f6z\u00f6s alapelve, hogy t\u00f6bb routert egyes\u00edtenek egy virtu\u00e1lis routerben k\u00f6z\u00f6s IP c\u00edmmel. Ez az IP c\u00edm ker\u00fcl kijel\u00f6l\u00e9sre a hosztok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra default \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3 c\u00edmk\u00e9nt. A VRRP (Virtu\u00e1lis Router Redundancia Protokoll) egy szabad megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa ennek az \u00f6tletnek. Ebben a cikkben a VRRP protokoll alapjait vizsg\u00e1ljuk meg.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex>
\nA VRRP routerek egy virtu\u00e1lis routerr\u00e9 egyes\u00fclnek. Az \u00f6sszes router a csoportban k\u00f6z\u00f6s virtu\u00e1lis IP (VIP) c\u00edmmel \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6s csoportazonos\u00edt\u00f3val vagy VRID-del (Virtu\u00e1lis Router Azonos\u00edt\u00f3) rendelkezik. Egy router t\u00f6bb csoportban is r\u00e9szt vehet, mindegyiknek egyedi VIP\/VRID p\u00e1rra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge.<\/p>\n

Cisco eset\u00e9ben a virtu\u00e1lis router a minket \u00e9rdekl\u0151 interf\u00e9szen az al\u00e1bbi paranccsal \u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 be:<\/p>\n

R1(config-if)# vrrp  ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMinden router k\u00e9t t\u00edpusra oszthat\u00f3: VRRP Master \u00e9s VRRP Backup. <\/p>\n
VRRP Master<\/b> \u2014 ez a router felel\u0151s az adott virtu\u00e1lis csoport csomagjainak tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. <\/p>\n
VRRP Backup<\/b> \u2014 ez a router v\u00e1r az Master-t\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 csomagokra. Ha a csomagok az Master-t\u0151l megsz\u0171nnek \u00e9rkezni, a Backup megpr\u00f3b\u00e1l Master \u00e1llapotba l\u00e9pni. <\/p>\n
A router Masterr\u00e9 v\u00e1lik, ha a legmagasabb priorit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik. A Master folyamatosan sz\u00e9les s\u00e1v\u00fa c\u00edmre 224.0.0.18 k\u00fcld \u00fczeneteket, hogy \u00e9rtes\u00edtse a Backup routereket, hogy m\u0171k\u00f6dik. A Master \u00fczeneteket az Adver Timer id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151 szerint k\u00fcldi, amely alap\u00e9rtelmezetten 1 m\u00e1sodperc. <\/p>\n
\"A
\nEkkor a k\u00fcld\u0151 MAC c\u00edmek\u00e9nt a csoport c\u00edme 00:00:5E:00:01:xx haszn\u00e1latos, ahol xx \u2014 a VRID hexadecim\u00e1lis form\u00e1tumban. E p\u00e9ld\u00e1ban az els\u0151 csoportot haszn\u00e1ljuk. <\/p>\n
\"A
\nHa a Backup routerek nem kapnak \u00fczeneteket h\u00e1rom Adver Timer alatt (Master Down Timer), az \u00faj Master az a router lesz, amely a legmagasabb priorit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik, vagy a legmagasabb IP-vel rendelkez\u0151 router. Ebben az esetben a magasabb priorit\u00e1s\u00fa Backup router \u00e1tveszi a Master szerep\u00e9t az alacsonyabb priorit\u00e1s\u00faval szemben. Azonban, ha a Backup \u00fczemm\u00f3dja ki van kapcsolva, a Backup nem veszi \u00e1t a Master szerep\u00e9t. <\/p>\n
R1(config-if)# no vrrp  preempt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nHa a VRRP router a VIP c\u00edm tulajdonosa, akkor mindig \u00e1tveszi a Master szerep\u00e9t. <\/p>\n
A VRRP priorit\u00e1sa 1 \u00e9s 254 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00e9rt\u00e9kekben van megadva. A 0 \u00e9rt\u00e9k fenntartva van olyan esetekre, amikor a Masternek le kell mondania a szerep\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/i> A VIP tulajdonos\u00e1nak be\u00e1ll\u00edtott 255-\u00f6s \u00e9rt\u00e9ket a router felel\u0151ss\u00e9ge a forgalom ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. Az alap\u00e9rtelmezett priorit\u00e1s 100, de azt adminisztrat\u00edv \u00faton lehet be\u00e1ll\u00edtani:<\/p>\n
R1(config-if)#vrrp  priority<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nItt l\u00e1thatjuk a router priorit\u00e1s\u00e1t, amikor azt adminisztrat\u00edv m\u00f3don \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k be:<\/p>\n
\"A
\nItt pedig egy p\u00e9lda, amikor a router a VIP tulajdonosa:<\/p>\n
\"A
\nA VRRP routernek h\u00e1rom \u00e1llapota lehet: Initialize, Backup, Master. Ezeket az \u00e1llapotokat a router egym\u00e1s ut\u00e1n v\u00e1ltogatja. <\/p>\n
Initialize \u00e1llapotban a router v\u00e1r a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s kezdet\u00e9re. Ha ez a router a VIP c\u00edm tulajdonosa (priorit\u00e1s 255), akkor a router \u00fczeneteket k\u00fcld arr\u00f3l, hogy Masterr\u00e9 v\u00e1lik. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl gratuitous ARP-k\u00e9r\u00e9st<\/a><\/noindex>, amelynek forr\u00e1s MAC-c\u00edme a virtu\u00e1lis router c\u00edm\u00e9vel egyezik. Ezut\u00e1n \u00e1tl\u00e9p a Master \u00e1llapotba. Ha a router nem a VIP tulajdonosa, akkor Backup \u00e1llapotba l\u00e9p. <\/p>\n
\"A
\nBackup \u00e1llapotban a router a Mastert\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 csomagokra v\u00e1r. A router ebben az \u00e1llapotban nem v\u00e1laszol a VIP c\u00edmr\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 ARP-k\u00e9r\u00e9sekre. Azt sem fogadja el, ha a c\u00edmzett MAC c\u00edme a virtu\u00e1lis router\u00e9. <\/p>\n
Ha a Backup nem kap \u00fczenetet a Mastert\u0151l a Master Down Timer id\u0151tartama alatt, akkor VRRP \u00fczenetet k\u00fcld, amelyben jelezheti, hogy Masterr\u00e9 k\u00edv\u00e1n v\u00e1lni. Ezut\u00e1n elk\u00fcldi a sz\u00e9les s\u00e1v\u00fa VRRP \u00fczenetet, amelynek forr\u00e1s MAC c\u00edme a virtu\u00e1lis router\u00e9nek c\u00edme. Ebben az \u00fczenetben a router megadja saj\u00e1t priorit\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
Master \u00e1llapotban a router a virtu\u00e1lis routerhez c\u00edmzett csomagokat dolgozza fel. \u0150 is v\u00e1laszol a VIP-hez c\u00edmzett ARP-k\u00e9r\u00e9sekre. A Master minden Adver Timer sor\u00e1n VRRP \u00fczeneteket k\u00fcld, hogy meger\u0151s\u00edtse m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/p>\n
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 \u00e1llapot Init -> Backup\n*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 \u00e1llapot Backup -> Master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nA VRRP lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a terhel\u00e9s kiegyenl\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t is t\u00f6bb router k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Ehhez egy interf\u00e9szen k\u00e9t VRRP csoportot hozunk l\u00e9tre. Az egyik csoport sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra nagyobb priorit\u00e1st rendelnek, mint a m\u00e1sikhoz. Ezzel p\u00e1rhuzamosan a m\u00e1sodik router priorit\u00e1s\u00e1t ford\u00edtva \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k be. Teh\u00e1t ha az egyik router els\u0151 csoportja 100-as priorit\u00e1st kap, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sodik csoport 200-as priorit\u00e1s\u00fa, akkor a m\u00e1sik routeren az els\u0151 csoport priorit\u00e1sa 200, a m\u00e1sodik\u00e9 pedig 100. <\/p>\n
Ahogy kor\u00e1bban eml\u00edtett\u00fck, minden csoportnak saj\u00e1t egyedi VIP-c\u00edme kell, hogy legyen. V\u00e9g\u00fcl k\u00e9t IP-c\u00edmet kapunk, amelyeket k\u00e9t router szolg\u00e1l ki, mindkett\u0151 szolg\u00e1lhat alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3k\u00e9nt. <\/p>\n
\"A
\nA sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek fel\u00e9nek egy alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3 c\u00edmet rendelnek, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sik fel\u00e9nek egy m\u00e1sikat. \u00cdgy a forgalom fele egy routeren, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sik fele a m\u00e1sikon \u00e1t halad. Ha egyik router le\u00e1ll, a m\u00e1sik \u00e1tveszi a k\u00e9t VIP feladat\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
\"A
\n\u00cdgy a VRRP lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3 redundanci\u00e1j\u00e1nak megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9t, n\u00f6velve a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t. Ha t\u00f6bb virtu\u00e1lis routert haszn\u00e1lunk, akkor a terhel\u00e9st is eloszthatjuk a val\u00f3di routerek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. A hibaelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s reakci\u00f3ideje cs\u00f6kkenthet\u0151 a t\u00e1vols\u00e1gi id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151k cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9vel.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A VRRP protokoll m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si elve | ProHoster","description":"Az FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) egy olyan protokollcsal\u00e1d, amely az alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3 redundanci\u00e1j\u00e1nak l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra 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