{"id":34887,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:51:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:51:22","slug":"voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","title":{"rendered":"Priorit\u00e1si k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek: Nyquist, Shannon vagy Kotelnikov?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1tvitel ter\u00fclet\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett munk\u00e1k priorit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

A modern t\u00e9ma \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151je V.A. Kotelnikov. A MEE (Moszkvai Energiai Egyetem) doktoranduszak\u00e9nt 1932-ben publik\u00e1lt munk\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00fcl az egyik a \u201eAz \u201e\u00e9ter\u201d \u00e9s a vezet\u00e9k kapacit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l az elektros kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3ban\u201d c\u00edmet viselte, \u00e9s az I. Szovjetuni\u00f3 T\u00e1rcak\u00f6zi Techikai Rekonstrukci\u00f3s Kongresszus\u00e1n lett volna bemutatva, amely a gyenge\u00e1ram\u00fa ipar fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00e9rd\u00e9seivel foglalkozott. A kongresszusra nem ker\u00fclt sor. 1933-ban publik\u00e1lt\u00e1k, mint el\u0151ad\u00e1sanyagot (nyomtat\u00e1sra elfogadva)
\n1932. november\u00e9ben. <\/a><\/noindex>Mi is a hivatalos meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se a priorit\u00e1snak. A doktorandusz k\u00e9pz\u00e9s befejezt\u00e9vel Vlagyimir bemutatta munk\u00e1it a Tudom\u00e1nyos Tan\u00e1csnak. Az el\u0151ad\u00e1st elfogadt\u00e1k, a \"S\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9gr\u0151l...\" c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1t nem \u00e9rtett\u00e9k \u2013 \"\u2026\u00fagy t\u0171nik, helyes, de tudom\u00e1nyos fantasztika.\" <\/p>\n

El\u0151sz\u00f6r is, ez a munka a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek perspektivikus ir\u00e1nyait jelezte, \u00e9s kiz\u00e1rta a zs\u00e1kutc\u00e1s megold\u00e1sokat. M\u00e1sodszor, a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1inak inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s aspektus\u00e1ban matematikailag megalapozta a digit\u00e1lis inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1tvitelt, az ismert Kotelnikov-t\u00e9telt.
\nVal\u00f3j\u00e1ban ez a munka 7 t\u00e9telt tartalmazott.<\/p>\n

Ez az, amelyet Shannon \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai \u201emint a mintav\u00e9telez\u00e9si t\u00e9telt\u201d emlegetnek, amelyet 15 \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb, 1948-ban publik\u00e1lt. K\u00e9s\u0151bb, az 1970-es \u00e9vekben, az elektronika fejl\u0151d\u00e9se sor\u00e1n term\u00e9szetes \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9s \u00e9bredt a digit\u00e1lis inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1tvitel ir\u00e1nt. 1977-ben priorit\u00e1smeghat\u00e1roz\u00e1skor mer\u00fclt fel a WKS-t\u00e9tel elnevez\u00e9s, Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon n\u00e9ven.<\/p>\n

1999-ben az Eduard Rein Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny a XX. sz\u00e1zad kiemelked\u0151 tudom\u00e1nyos teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyeinek \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9sekor d\u00edjat adom\u00e1nyozott Kotelnikov Vlagyimir Alekszandra szovjet tud\u00f3snak \u201eaz alapvet\u0151 kutat\u00e1sok\u00e9rt\u201d, a \u201emintav\u00e9telez\u00e9s t\u00e9tel\u00e9nek els\u0151 matematikai pontos megfogalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt \u00e9s publik\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9g egy \u00e9rdekes szempont. <\/p>\n

Felmer\u00fcl H. Nyquist neve (angolul: Harry Nyquist), aki val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg egyik els\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9rtett \u00e9s fejezett ki azt a gondolatot, hogy a jel mintav\u00e9telez\u00e9seinek id\u0151intervallumai k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 id\u0151tartam\u00faak kell, hogy legyenek.
\nMegk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u0151leg a spektr\u00e1lis sz\u00e9less\u00e9g\u00e9nek ford\u00edtott oldal\u00e1n. Ez gyakran ad alapot, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nyugati tud\u00f3soknak, hogy a \u201eNyquist mintav\u00e9telez\u00e9si t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny\u201d kifejez\u00e9st haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. De \u00e9rvel\u00e9sei a torz\u00edt\u00e1smentes telegr\u00e1fsug\u00e1rz\u00e1s probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ra vonatkoztak, b\u00e1r k\u00f6zel \u00e1lltak az anal\u00f3g jel torz\u00edt\u00e1smentes \u00e1tvitel\u00e9nek k\u00e9rd\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Luk D. professzor a mintav\u00e9teli t\u00e9tel eredet\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 cikk\u00e9ben azt \u00e1ll\u00edtja: \u201eAz els\u0151 tud\u00f3s, aki pontosan megfogalmazta a mintav\u00e9teli t\u00e9telt \u00e9s alkalmazta azt a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s elm\u00e9let \u00e9s technika probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ra, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg V.A. Kotelnikov.\u201d<\/p>\n

Egy kis kit\u00e9r\u0151 \u00e9s szint\u00e9n a priorit\u00e1sokr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

1939-ben Vladimir Alekszandrovics l\u00e9trehozta a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s berendez\u00e9seket egy oldals\u00e1von, \u00e9s saj\u00e1t erej\u00e9b\u0151l \u00e9p\u00edtette fel, term\u00e9szetesen nem egyed\u00fcl, mivel az ipar elutas\u00edtotta: \u201eSenki sem csin\u00e1lt ilyet soha\u201d. Be volt \u00e1ll\u00edtva, de nem fogadt\u00e1k el a Moszkva-Habarovszk vonalon. Nem fogadt\u00e1k el: \u201eK\u00f6nny\u0171 lehallgatni\u201d. Olvasva X. Dudley cikk\u00e9t, Kotelnikov l\u00e9trehozta a besz\u00e9d titkos\u00edt\u00f3 berendez\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s
\nkialak\u00edtotta az \u00f6tlet\u00e9t a \u201eHat\u00e9kony automatikus titkos\u00edt\u00e1s alapelvei\u201d c\u00edm\u0171 jelent\u00e9s\u00e9ben 1941. j\u00fanius 19-\u00e9n. Ebben a dokumentumban el\u0151sz\u00f6r fogalmazt\u00e1k meg a matematikailag dek\u00f3dolhatatlan rendszerek k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeit, a dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s lehetetlens\u00e9g\u00e9nek bizony\u00edt\u00e9k\u00e1val. Nyilv\u00e1nos publik\u00e1ci\u00f3ban nem volt (vagy tal\u00e1n m\u00e1r van?).
\nC. Shannon 1945. szeptember 1-j\u00e9n bemutatta a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 titkos\u00edt\u00f3 rendszerek ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seit, a nyilv\u00e1nos nyomtat\u00e1s a cikket 1949-ben l\u00e1tta meg.
\nR\u00f6vid feldolgoz\u00e1s a \u201eFizikai tudom\u00e1nyok el\u0151rehalad\u00e1sa\u201d c\u00edm\u0171 konferenci\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s szimp\u00f3ziumr\u00f3l, 2006. j\u00falius, 176. k\u00f6tet, 7. sz\u00e1m<\/p>\n

R\u00e9szletes anyag matematikai sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sokkal let\u00f6lthet\u0151 a linken<\/p>\n

\u00d6sszegz\u00e9sk\u00e9nt elmondhatom, hogy gyakran a tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9s gyakorlati szakirodalomban a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi szerz\u0151k elhallgatj\u00e1k, maguknak tulajdon\u00edtj\u00e1k, vagy v\u00e9gs\u0151 esetben al\u00e1becs\u00fclik az orosz-szovjet-orosz eredm\u00e9nyeket \u00e9s priorit\u00e1sokat.<\/p>\n

A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 publik\u00e1ci\u00f3 a \u201eKi a r\u00e1di\u00f3 feltal\u00e1l\u00f3ja, Popov vagy Marconi?\u201d k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekkel foglalkozik, ha ugyanolyan t\u0171z t\u00f6r ki a t\u00e1rol\u00f3helyis\u00e9gben, mint ma.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1tvitel ter\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett munk\u00e1k priorit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A modern k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151je V.A. Kotelnikov. Az MEI doktori iskol\u00e1j\u00e1ban 1932-ben publik\u00e1lt\u00e1k. <\/p>\n

\ud83e\udd47A priorit\u00e1s k\u00e9rd\u00e9sei: Nyquist, Shannon vagy Kotelnikov? | ProHoster
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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