{"id":35134,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilit\u00e1sok az HSM modulokban, amelyek titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsokkal kapcsolatos t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokhoz vezethetnek.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A kutat\u00f3k egy csoportja a Ledger c\u00e9gt\u0151l, amely kriptovaluta hardveres p\u00e9nzt\u00e1rc\u00e1kat gy\u00e1rt, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptosense.com\/blog\/how-ledger-hacked-an-hsm\/\">felt\u00e1rta<\/a><\/noindex>  t\u00f6bb sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get tal\u00e1lt a HSM eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kben (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardware_security_module\">Hardware Security Module<\/a><\/noindex>), amelyek felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k kulcsok kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re vagy t\u00e1voli t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra az HSM-eszk\u00f6z firmware-j\u00e1nak megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Jelenleg a probl\u00e9ma jelent\u00e9se <noindex>el\u00e9rhet\u0151<\/noindex> csak franci\u00e1ul \u00e9rhet\u0151 el, az angol nyelv\u0171 jelent\u00e9s kiad\u00e1sa tervezett <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/us-19\/briefings\/schedule\/#everybody-be-cool-this-is-a-robbery-16233\">augusztusban a Blackhat USA 2019 konferencia alatt. Az HSM egy speci\u00e1lis k\u00fcls\u0151 eszk\u00f6z, amely a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s az adatok titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lt nyilv\u00e1nos \u00e9s titkos kulcsok t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l.<\/a><\/noindex> Az HSM jelent\u0151sen n\u00f6veli a v\u00e9delmet, mivel teljesen elszigeteli a kulcsokat a rendszert\u0151l \u00e9s az alkalmaz\u00e1sokt\u00f3l, csak API-t biztos\u00edtva az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n v\u00e9grehajtott alapvet\u0151 kriptogr\u00e1fiai primit\u00edvek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Az HSM-t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban olyan ter\u00fcleteken alkalmazz\u00e1k, ahol a legmagasabb szint\u0171 v\u00e9delem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul bankokban, kriptovaluta t\u0151zsd\u00e9ken, tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat ellen\u0151rz\u0151 \u00e9s gener\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00f6zpontokban. <\/p>\n<p>A javasolt t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy egy nem hiteles\u00edtett felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 teljes kontrollt szerezzen az HSM tartalma felett, bele\u00e9rtve az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n t\u00e1rolt \u00f6sszes kriptogr\u00e1fiai kulcs \u00e9s adminisztr\u00e1tori adat kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9t. A probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat a PKCS#11 parancskezel\u0151 bels\u0151 buferekkel kapcsolatos t\u00falcsordul\u00e1s \u00e9s a firmware kriptogr\u00e1fiai v\u00e9delm\u00e9nek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban fell\u00e9p\u0151 hiba okozza, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a PKCS#1v1.5 digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a saj\u00e1t firmware HSM-be val\u00f3 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek elind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Demonstr\u00e1ci\u00f3k\u00e9nt egy m\u00f3dos\u00edtott firmware bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t szervezt\u00e9k, amelybe h\u00e1ts\u00f3 ajt\u00f3t \u00e9p\u00edtettek be, ami akt\u00edv marad a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 \u00e1ltal kiadott \u00fczemeltet\u00e9si friss\u00edt\u00e9sek k\u00e9s\u0151bbi telep\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n. \u00c1ll\u00edt\u00e1s szerint a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s t\u00e1volr\u00f3l is v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 (a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s m\u00f3dszere nem r\u00e9szletezett, de val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a bet\u00f6ltend\u0151 firmware megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra vagy speci\u00e1lisan form\u00e1zott tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra utal). <\/p>\n<p>A bemutat\u00f3 sor\u00e1n egy m\u00f3dos\u00edtott firmware let\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t szervezt\u00e9k meg, amelybe egy h\u00e1ts\u00f3 ajt\u00f3t \u00e9p\u00edtettek be, amely a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 firmware friss\u00edt\u00e9seinek telep\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n is akt\u00edv marad. \u00c1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag a t\u00e1mad\u00e1st t\u00e1volr\u00f3l v\u00e9grehajthatj\u00e1k (a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s m\u00f3dja nincs pontosan megadva, de val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a let\u00f6ltend\u0151 firmware manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ra vagy k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen kialak\u00edtott tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra utal).<\/p>\n<p>A probl\u00e9ma a HSM-ben a PKCS#11 parancsok bels\u0151 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak fuzzing tesztel\u00e9se sor\u00e1n ker\u00fclt felismer\u00e9sre. A tesztel\u00e9s egy saj\u00e1t modul HSM-be val\u00f3 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9vel lett megszervezve a hivatalos SDL seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a PKCS#11 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban egy puffert\u00falcsordul\u00e1sra bukkantunk, amely nemcsak a HSM bels\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9b\u0151l, hanem a f\u0151 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerb\u0151l is kihaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a PKCS#11 meghajt\u00f3 h\u00edv\u00e1s\u00e1val, amelyhez a HSM modul csatlakozik. <\/p>\n<p>Ezut\u00e1n a puffert\u00falcsordul\u00e1st kihaszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a HSM oldal\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00f3dv\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si param\u00e9terek fel\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A bels\u0151 vizsg\u00e1lat sor\u00e1n egy \u00fajabb sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g is napvil\u00e1gra ker\u00fclt, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette \u00faj firmware bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. V\u00e9g\u00fcl egy olyan modult \u00edrtak \u00e9s t\u00f6lt\u00f6ttek fel a HSM-be, amely megsemmis\u00edti az \u00f6sszes t\u00e1rolt titkot a HSM-ben.<\/p>\n<p>A gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 neve, amelynek HSM-eszk\u00f6zeiben sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9geket tal\u00e1ltak, egyel\u0151re nem ker\u00fclt nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1gra, de \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag a probl\u00e9m\u00e1s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket nagy bankok \u00e9s felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Ugyanakkor arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1moltak be, hogy a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kr\u00f3l kor\u00e1bban t\u00e1j\u00e9koztatt\u00e1k a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3t, \u00e9s \u0151 m\u00e1r kijav\u00edtotta a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9geket a legfrissebb firmware-friss\u00edt\u00e9ssel. F\u00fcggetlen kutat\u00f3k arra gyanakszanak, hogy a probl\u00e9ma a Gemalto c\u00e9g eszk\u00f6zeiben lehet. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/safenet.gemalto.com\/technical-support\/security-updates\/?LangType=1049\">kiadta<\/a><\/noindex> Sentinel LDK friss\u00edt\u00e9se a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kijav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val, amelyekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s egyel\u0151re <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/supportportal.gemalto.com\/csm?id=kb_article_view&#038;sys_kb_id=f4c8e1624f413b00102400818110c78a&#038;sysparm_article=KB0018794\">lez\u00e1rt<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50838\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 HSM (Hardware Security Module), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438 HSM-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Blackhat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 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