{"id":35148,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-8-opticheskaya-magistralnaya-set\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:35","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-8-opticheskaya-magistralnaya-set","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-8-opticheskaya-magistralnaya-set","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/1c4d747d25a95ae994d82fbd59e116a0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00e1r \u00e9vek \u00f3ta az optikai k\u00f6zeg alapja az adat\u00e1tvitelnek. Neh\u00e9z elk\u00e9pzelni egy olyan internetez\u0151t, aki nem ismeri ezeket a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kat, de a sorozatom keret\u00e9ben elker\u00fclhetetlen, hogy legal\u00e1bb egy r\u00f6vid le\u00edr\u00e1st adjak r\u00f3luk.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Cikk sorozat tartalma<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">1. r\u00e9sz: A KTV h\u00e1l\u00f3zat \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos architekt\u00far\u00e1ja<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">2. r\u00e9sz: A jel \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele \u00e9s form\u00e1ja<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">3. r\u00e9sz: A jel anal\u00f3g komponense<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">4. r\u00e9sz: A jel digit\u00e1lis komponense<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">5. r\u00e9sz: Koaxi\u00e1lis eloszt\u00f3h\u00e1l\u00f3zat<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">6. r\u00e9sz: RF-jelsz\u00f3r\u00f3k<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">7. r\u00e9sz: Optikai vev\u0151k<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455355\/\">8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>9. r\u00e9sz: Fej\u00e1llom\u00e1s<\/li>\n<li>10. r\u00e9sz: Hib\u00e1k keres\u00e9se \u00e9s elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1sa a KTV h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA teljess\u00e9g kedv\u00e9\u00e9rt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny alapvet\u0151 dolgot egyszer\u0171en elmagyar\u00e1zok (ne dobjatok szemreh\u00e1ny\u00e1st, ez azoknak sz\u00f3l, akik teljesen k\u00e9pben nincsenek): az optikai sz\u00e1l \u00fcvegb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, amelyet hajsz\u00e1ln\u00e1l v\u00e9konyabb sz\u00e1lra h\u00faztak. Az optikai sz\u00e1lon egy l\u00e9zer \u00e1ltal l\u00e9trehozott f\u00e9nysug\u00e1r terjed, amely (mint b\u00e1rmely elektrom\u00e1gneses hull\u00e1m) rendelkezik egy adott frekvenci\u00e1val. A k\u00e9nyelem \u00e9s egyszer\u0171s\u00e9g \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az optikai jelens\u00e9gek eset\u00e9ben a hertzes frekvencia helyett \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a hull\u00e1mhossz inverz \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amely az optikai spektrum tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1ban nanom\u00e9terben m\u00e9rhet\u0151. A k\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s jelek tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban \u03bb=1550nm hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fas\u00e1got haszn\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u0151vezet\u00e9k r\u00e9szei hegeszt\u00e9ssel vagy csatlakoz\u00f3kkal kapcsol\u00f3dnak egym\u00e1shoz. Err\u0151l r\u00e9szletesen olvashattok a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/193146\/\">kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 @stalinets cikkben.<\/a><\/noindex>Csak annyit mondok, hogy a k\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokban szinte mindig ferde fel\u00fclet\u0171 APC pol\u00edroz\u00e1st haszn\u00e1lnak. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5d3dadf9f154a8a937721a5547df78c6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>A fiber-optic-solutions.com webhelyr\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9p.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ez valamivel nagyobb vesztes\u00e9get okoz, mint a k\u00f6zvetlen, de rendelkezik egy nagyon fontos tulajdons\u00e1ggal: a csatlakoz\u00e1si ponton visszavert jel nem ugyanazon az tengelyen terjed, mint az alapjel, ami\u00e9rt kisebb hat\u00e1st gyakorol arra. Digit\u00e1lis jel\u00e1tviteli rendszerek eset\u00e9n, ahol redundanci\u00e1t \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si algoritmusokat alkalmaznak, ez tal\u00e1n nem is t\u0171nik l\u00e9nyegesnek, de a telev\u00edzi\u00f3s jel anal\u00f3gk\u00e9nt kezdte p\u00e1lyafut\u00e1s\u00e1t (az optikai sz\u00e1l eset\u00e9ben is), \u00e9s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ez kritikus: mindenki eml\u00e9kszik a r\u00e9gi telev\u00edzi\u00f3k k\u00e9pei k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kett\u0151z\u00e9sre vagy elcs\u00fasz\u00e1sra gyenge v\u00e9telkor. Az ilyen hull\u00e1mjelens\u00e9gek mind az \u00e9terben, mind a k\u00e1belekben l\u00e9teznek. A digit\u00e1lis telev\u00edzi\u00f3s jel, ugyan b\u00e1r nagyobb interferenci\u00e1t\u0171r\u00e9ssel rendelkezik, sok szempontb\u00f3l nem b\u00edrja a csomagolt adat\u00e1tvitel el\u0151nyeit, \u00e9s szint\u00e9n szenvedhet a fizikai szinten, de m\u00e1r nem lehet helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtani \u00fajrak\u00e9r\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<p>A jelent\u0151s t\u00e1vols\u00e1gra t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 jel\u00e1tvitelhez magas jel szintre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g, ez\u00e9rt az er\u0151s\u00edt\u0151k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlenek a l\u00e1ncban. Az optikai jelet a k\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s rendszerekben erbiumos er\u0151s\u00edt\u0151kkel (EDFA) er\u0151s\u00edtik. Ennek a berendez\u00e9snek a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 p\u00e9lda arra, hogy b\u00e1rmely kell\u0151en fejlett technol\u00f3gia megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztethetetlen a var\u00e1zslatt\u00f3l. R\u00f6viden: amikor a sugarat egy erbium-d\u00f3zis\u00fa sz\u00e1lon \u00e1tvezetik, olyan felt\u00e9telek j\u00f6nnek l\u00e9tre, hogy minden egyes eredeti foton k\u00e9t kl\u00f3nt hoz l\u00e9tre. Az ilyen berendez\u00e9seket minden olyan adat\u00e1tviteli rendszeren haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, ahol jelent\u0151s t\u00e1vols\u00e1gokat kell \u00e1thidalni. Term\u00e9szetesen nem olcs\u00f3k. Ez\u00e9rt azokban az esetekben, amikor nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a jel jelent\u0151s er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se, \u00e9s nincsenek szigor\u00fa zajszint k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek, jelregener\u00e1torokat alkalmaznak:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/629f8aa97d6a0a00ceb8b044d5bdc033.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEz a berendez\u00e9s, ahogyan a strukt\u00far\u00e1lis \u00e1br\u00e1b\u00f3l is l\u00e1tszik, kett\u0151s jel\u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1st v\u00e9gez az optikai \u00e9s elektromos k\u00f6rnyezet k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Ez a konstrukci\u00f3 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a jel hull\u00e1mhossza v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1t, ha sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n<p>Az olyan m\u0171veletek, mint a jel er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s regener\u00e1l\u00e1sa, nemcsak a kilom\u00e9teres k\u00e1belcsillap\u00edt\u00e1st kompenz\u00e1lj\u00e1k. A legnagyobb vesztes\u00e9gek a jel el\u00e1gaz\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti megoszt\u00e1sakor jelentkeznek. A megoszt\u00e1st passz\u00edv eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k v\u00e9gzik, amelyek az ig\u00e9nyek f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 sz\u00e1m\u00fa el\u00e1gaz\u00e1st v\u00e1laszthatnak, \u00e9s megoszthatj\u00e1k a jelet szimmetrikusan vagy aszimmetrikusan.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/e1b3b0cc2513d8ae8377090a4410d67d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA megoszt\u00f3 bels\u0151leg vagy oldalir\u00e1nyban \u00f6sszekapcsolt sz\u00e1lakat, vagy a nyomtatott \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 mint\u00e1zatk\u00e9nt van kik\u00e9pezve. A m\u00e9lyebb meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben javaslom a cikkeket <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/nagru\/\" class=\"user_link\">NAGru<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nag\/blog\/408963\/\">hegesztett<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nag\/blog\/371203\/\">plan\u00e1ris<\/a><\/noindex> oszt\u00f3kra vonatkoz\u00f3an. Min\u00e9l t\u00f6bb el\u00e1gaz\u00e1ssal rendelkezik a megoszt\u00f3, ann\u00e1l nagyobb csillap\u00edt\u00e1st okoz a jelben.<\/p>\n<p>Ha a megoszt\u00f3hoz k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 hull\u00e1mhosszak eset\u00e9ben sz\u0171r\u0151ket adunk, akkor k\u00e9t jelet is \u00e1t tudunk vinni egy sz\u00e1lon.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1beltelev\u00edzi\u00f3s h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok a legkisebbeknek. 8. r\u00e9sz: Optikai gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/8532a92e861978723ce0a7bb0906346b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEz a legegyszer\u0171bb multiplex\u00e1l\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9g optikai rendszereken - FWDM. Ha a TV \u00e9s Express bemenetekhez a KTV \u00e9s internet berendez\u00e9seket csatlakoztatjuk, egy kevert jelet kapunk a COM kimeneten, amelyet egy sz\u00e1lon tov\u00e1bb\u00edthatunk, \u00e9s a m\u00e1sik oldalon ugyancsak feloszthatjuk egy optikai vev\u0151 \u00e9s egy switch k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul. Ez k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl ugyan\u00fagy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, mint amikor egy \u00fcveg prizma \u00e1ltal a feh\u00e9r f\u00e9nyb\u0151l sziv\u00e1rv\u00e1ny keletkezik.<\/p>\n<p>Az optikai jel tartal\u00e9kos\u00edt\u00e1sa c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l az optikai vev\u0151k mellett, amelyekr\u0151l \u00edrtam, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">az el\u0151z\u0151 r\u00e9szben<\/a><\/noindex> elektromechanikus rel\u00e9 is alkalmazhat\u00f3, amely az el\u0151re meghat\u00e1rozott jelszabv\u00e1nyok szerint k\u00e9pes kapcsolni az egyik forr\u00e1sr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra.<br \/>\nEgy sz\u00e1l dezintegr\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1sa eset\u00e9n az eszk\u00f6z automatikusan \u00e1tkapcsol a m\u00e1sikra. Az \u00e1tkapcsol\u00e1si id\u0151 kevesebb mint egy m\u00e1sodperc, \u00edgy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ez a legrosszabb esetben csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny digit\u00e1lis k\u00e9p artefaktusak\u00e9nt l\u00e1that\u00f3, amelyek azonnal elt\u0171nnek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00e9pkock\u00e1val.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455355\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 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