{"id":35159,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/modifitsiruem-bluetooth-stek-dlya-uluchsheniya-zvuka-na-naushnikah-bez-kodekov-aac-aptx-i-ldac\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:38","slug":"modifitsiruem-bluetooth-stek-dlya-uluchsheniya-zvuka-na-naushnikah-bez-kodekov-aac-aptx-i-ldac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/modifitsiruem-bluetooth-stek-dlya-uluchsheniya-zvuka-na-naushnikah-bez-kodekov-aac-aptx-i-ldac","title":{"rendered":"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>A cikk elolvas\u00e1sa el\u0151tt aj\u00e1nlott megismerkedni a kor\u00e1bbi \u00edr\u00e1ssal: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/427997\/\">Audio Bluetooth-on: a profilokr\u00f3l, kodekekr\u0151l \u00e9s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kr\u0151l a lehet\u0151 legr\u00e9szletesebben<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3ja a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g alacsony szintj\u00e9t \u00e9s a magas frekvenci\u00e1k hi\u00e1ny\u00e1t tapasztalja az \u00f6sszes audioeszk\u00f6zt t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 szabv\u00e1nyos Bluetooth-SBC kodek haszn\u00e1latakor. A hangjav\u00edt\u00e1s gyakori aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sa a kodekek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az aptX \u00e9s LDAC t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1val rendelkez\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00e9s f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1sa. Ezek a kodekek licencd\u00edjakat ig\u00e9nyelnek, \u00edgy a t\u00e1mogatott eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k dr\u00e1g\u00e1bbak.<\/p>\n<p>Kider\u00fclt, hogy az SBC alacsony min\u0151s\u00e9ge a Bluetooth-stack-ek \u00e9s a f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sainak m\u0171szaki korl\u00e1toz\u00e1saival f\u00fcgg \u00f6ssze, amit b\u00e1rmely megl\u00e9v\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n szoftveres m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokkal meg lehet ker\u00fclni.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>SBC kodek<\/h2>\n<p>Az SBC kodeknek sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 param\u00e9tere van, amelyek a kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sakor ker\u00fclnek kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9sre. Ezek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A csatorn\u00e1k sz\u00e1ma \u00e9s t\u00edpusa: Joint Stereo, Stereo, Dual Channel, Mono;<\/li>\n<li>A frekvencias\u00e1vok sz\u00e1ma: 4 vagy 8;<\/li>\n<li>A blokkok sz\u00e1ma a csomagban: 4, 8, 12, 16;<\/li>\n<li>A bitek eloszt\u00e1si algoritmus a kvant\u00e1l\u00e1s sor\u00e1n: Loudness, SNR;<\/li>\n<li>A kvant\u00e1l\u00e1sn\u00e1l haszn\u00e1lt bitek maxim\u00e1lis \u00e9s minim\u00e1lis m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke (bitpool): \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban 2 \u00e9s 53 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A dek\u00f3dol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6znek t\u00e1mogatnia kell ezen param\u00e9terek b\u00e1rmely kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t. A k\u00f3dol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z nem biztos, hogy mindet megval\u00f3s\u00edtja.<br \/>\nA jelenlegi Bluetooth-stack-ek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 profilt d\u00f6ntenek el: Joint Stereo, 8 s\u00e1v, 16 blokk, Loudness, bitpool 2..53. Ez a profil 44,1 kHz-es hangot k\u00f3dol 328 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1t\u00e1val.<br \/>\nA bitpool param\u00e9ter k\u00f6zvetlen hat\u00e1ssal van a bitr\u00e1ta m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re egy adott profilon bel\u00fcl: min\u00e9l magasabb, ann\u00e1l magasabb a bitr\u00e1ta, \u00edgy a min\u0151s\u00e9g is javul.<br \/>\nA bitpool param\u00e9ter azonban nem k\u00f6t\u0151dik konkr\u00e9t profillal; a bit\u00e1rtre m\u00e1s param\u00e9terek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a csatorn\u00e1k t\u00edpusa, a frekvencias\u00e1vok sz\u00e1ma \u00e9s a blokkok sz\u00e1ma is jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1ssal vannak. A bitr\u00e1ta emelhet\u0151 k\u00f6zvetve, nem szabv\u00e1nyos profilokkal val\u00f3 egyet\u00e9rt\u00e9ssel, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy megv\u00e1ltoztatn\u00e1nk a bitpool-t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/4836fdb65b1204173bd6e01ef2d0cc6c.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Az SBC bitr\u00e1ta sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00e9plete<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\nP\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Dual Channel m\u00f3d a csatorn\u00e1kat k\u00fcl\u00f6n-k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00f3dolja, maxim\u00e1lisan felhaszn\u00e1lva a bitpool teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t mindk\u00e9t csatorna eset\u00e9ben. Ha r\u00e1\u00edrjuk az eszk\u00f6zt, hogy a Dual Channel-t haszn\u00e1lja a Joint Stereo helyett, majdnem megdupl\u00e1z\u00f3dik a bitr\u00e1ta ugyanazon bitpool maxim\u00e1lis \u00e9rt\u00e9kn\u00e9l: 617 kbit\/s.<br \/>\nV\u00e9lem\u00e9nyem szerint a profilhoz nem k\u00f6t\u00f6tt bitpool \u00e9rt\u00e9k alkalmaz\u00e1sa az A2DP szabv\u00e1ny t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1s\u00e1nak f\u00e1zis\u00e1ban a szabv\u00e1ny hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1ga, ami a SBC min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek mesters\u00e9ges korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetett. \u00c9sszer\u0171bb lett volna a bitrate-et egyeztetni, nem pedig a bitpool-t.<\/p>\n<p>Az ilyen fix Bitpool \u00e9s Bitrate \u00e9rt\u00e9kek a magas min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 audio haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra aj\u00e1nlott \u00e9rt\u00e9kekre vonatkoz\u00f3 t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l erednek. De az aj\u00e1nl\u00e1s nem ok arra, hogy ezekre az \u00e9rt\u00e9kekre korl\u00e1toz\u00f3djunk.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1076b610245c4bcb88e5812bdea27e60.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA 2007 \u00e9s 2015 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes A2DP v1.2 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 el\u0151\u00edrja, hogy minden dek\u00f3dol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6znek helyesen kell m\u0171k\u00f6dnie 512 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1ta szintig:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A SNK dek\u00f3der\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogatnia kell az \u00f6sszes lehets\u00e9ges bitpool \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, amely nem eredm\u00e9nyez a maxim\u00e1lis bitr\u00e1ta t\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez a profil a maxim\u00e1lis bitr\u00e1ta el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t mono eset\u00e9n 320 kbit\/s-ra, m\u00edg k\u00e9tcsatorn\u00e1s \u00fczemm\u00f3dban 512 kbit\/s-ra korl\u00e1tozza.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Az \u00faj specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3s verzi\u00f3ban a bitr\u00e1ta korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa megsz\u0171nt. Felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151, hogy a 2015 ut\u00e1n kiadott, EDR-t t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 modern fejhallgat\u00f3k t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k a bitr\u00e1t\u00e1kat \u2248730 kbit\/s-ig.<\/p>\n<p>Valami\u00e9rt a tesztelt Linux (PulseAudio), Android, Blackberry \u00e9s macOS Bluetooth-stackjein mesters\u00e9ges korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok vannak \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben a bitpool param\u00e9ter maxim\u00e1lis \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re, amely k\u00f6zvetlen hat\u00e1ssal van a maxim\u00e1lis bitr\u00e1t\u00e1ra. De ez nem a legnagyobb probl\u00e9ma, szinte minden fejhallgat\u00f3 is maximum 53-ra korl\u00e1tozza a bitpool \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t.<br \/>\nAhogy m\u00e1r tapasztaltam, a legt\u00f6bb eszk\u00f6z j\u00f3l m\u0171k\u00f6dik egy m\u00f3dos\u00edtott Bluetooth-stackkel 551 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1ta mellett, megszak\u00edt\u00e1sok \u00e9s recseg\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. De ilyen bitr\u00e1ta soha nem lesz egyeztetve norm\u00e1l k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a szok\u00e1sos Bluetooth-stackeken.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f3dos\u00edthat\u00f3 Bluetooth-stack<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00e1rmely Bluetooth-stackben, ami kompatibilis az A2DP szabv\u00e1nnyal, van t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s a Dual Channel mode-hoz, de ezt az interf\u00e9szen kereszt\u00fcl aktiv\u00e1lni nem lehet.<\/p>\n<p>Adjunk hozz\u00e1 egy kapcsol\u00f3t az interf\u00e9szhez! K\u00e9sz\u00edtettem jav\u00edt\u00e1sokat Android 8.1 \u00e9s Android 9 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st ny\u00fajtanak a Dual Channel sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a stackben, a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1st a fejleszt\u0151i eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k men\u00fcj\u00e9ben lehet\u0151s\u00e9gk\u00e9nt k\u00edn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, \u00e9s az SBC-t \u00fagy kezelik, mint egy tov\u00e1bbi kodeket, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul aptX, AAC vagy LDAC (az Android ezt HD Audio-nak nevezi), hozz\u00e1adva egy pip\u00e1t a Bluetooth-eszk\u00f6z be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1saihoz. \u00cdgy n\u00e9z ki:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5f14e2955f1dcaefa8ddc4b8fa413de1.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/review.lineageos.org\/q\/topic:bt-sbc-hd-dualchannel-pie+(status:open%20OR%20status:merged)\">Jav\u00edt\u00e1s Android 9-hez<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/review.lineageos.org\/q\/topic:bt-sbc-hd-dualchannel+(status:open%20OR%20status:merged)\">Jav\u00edt\u00e1s Android 8.1-hez<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A pipa aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a Bluetooth-audio 551 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1t\u00e1val kezd el terjedni <b>551 kbit\/s<\/b>, ha a fejhallgat\u00f3k 3 Mbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel csatlakoz\u00e1sra k\u00e9pesek, vagy <b>452 kbit\/s<\/b>, ha a fejhallgat\u00f3 csak 2 mbit\/s-t t\u00e1mogat.<\/p>\n<p>Ez a jav\u00edt\u00e1s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 alternat\u00edv firmware-ekbe van be\u00e9p\u00edtve:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>LineageOS<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Resurrection Remix<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>crDroid<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Honnan sz\u00e1rmazik az 551 \u00e9s 452 kbit\/s?<\/h2>\n<p>A Bluetooth spektrumelv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja a nagy m\u00e9ret\u0171 r\u00f6gz\u00edtett csomagok hat\u00e9kony \u00e1tvitel\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l. Az adat\u00e1tvitel slotokban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, a maxim\u00e1lisan \u00e1tk\u00fcldhet\u0151 slotok sz\u00e1ma egy \u00e1tvitel sor\u00e1n \u2014 5. L\u00e9teznek olyan \u00e1tvitel m\u00f3dok is, amelyek 1 vagy 3 slotot haszn\u00e1lnak, de nem 2 vagy 4. 5 slotban ak\u00e1r 679 byte \u00e1tk\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re van lehet\u0151s\u00e9g 2 mbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel, \u00e9s ak\u00e1r 1021 byte \u00e1tk\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re 3 mbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel, m\u00edg 3 slotban 367 \u00e9s 552 byte \u00e1tk\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/c4596cb8ebdbaf2b57e201117e640f2f.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nHa kevesebb adatot szeretn\u00e9nk \u00e1tk\u00fcldeni, mint 679 vagy 1021 byte, de t\u00f6bbet, mint 367 vagy 552 byte, akkor az \u00e1tvitel tov\u00e1bbra is 5 slotba fog telni, \u00e9s az adat\u00e1tvitel id\u0151tartama ugyanannyi marad, ami cs\u00f6kkenti az \u00e1tvitel hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/c9b0645c78d41d7d3a9879930c091d2a.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAz SBC Dual Channel m\u00f3dban, 44100 Hz audio mellett, 38-as Bitpool param\u00e9terekkel, 16 blokkal egy keretben, 8 frekvenciatartom\u00e1nnyal, 164 byte m\u00e9ret\u0171 keretekk\u00e9nt k\u00f3dolja az audio adatokat, 452 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1t\u00e1val.<br \/>\nAz audio-nak az L2CAP \u00e9s AVDTP \u00e1tviteli protokollokba kell be\u00e1gyaz\u00f3dnia, amelyek 16 byte-ot vonnak el a hasznos audio terhel\u00e9st\u0151l.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2fd899e7b521497844e1354ae5f825eb.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cdgy egy Bluetooth \u00e1tvitel sor\u00e1n 5 slotba 4 audio keret f\u00e9r el:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">679 (EDR 2 mbit\/s DH5) - 4 (L2CAP) - 12 (AVDTP\/RTP) - 1 (SBC fejl\u00e9ce) - (164*4) = 6<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n11.7 ms audio adatot siker\u00fclt elhelyezn\u00fcnk az elk\u00fcld\u00f6tt csomagban, amely 3.75 ms alatt lesz \u00e1tk\u00fcldve, \u00e9s 6 kihaszn\u00e1latlan byte maradt a csomagban.<br \/>\nHa egy kicsit megemelj\u00fck a bitpool-t, m\u00e1r nem lehet 4 audio keretet egy csomagba s\u0171r\u00edteni. H\u00e1rom keretet kell egyszerre k\u00fcldeni, ami cs\u00f6kkenti az \u00e1tvitel hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t, cs\u00f6kkenti az egy csomagban \u00e1tk\u00fcldhet\u0151 audio mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s hamarabb vezethet audio szaggat\u00e1shoz gyenge r\u00e1di\u00f3felt\u00e9telek mellett.<\/p>\n<p>Hasonl\u00f3 m\u00f3don ker\u00fclt meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sra az 551 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1ta EDR 3 mbit\/s eset\u00e9n: 47-es Bitpool-lal, 16 blokkal egy keretben, 8 frekvenciatartom\u00e1nnyal a keret m\u00e9rete 200 byte, 551 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1t\u00e1val. Egy csomagba 5 keret vagy 14.6 ms zene f\u00e9r el.<\/p>\n<p>A SBC \u00f6sszes param\u00e9ter\u00e9nek kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si algoritmusa meglehet\u0151sen bonyolult, k\u00f6nnyen \u00f6sszezavarodhatunk, ha k\u00e9zzel sz\u00e1molunk, ez\u00e9rt k\u00e9sz\u00edtettem egy interakt\u00edv kalkul\u00e1tort az \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-bitrate-calculator\/\">btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-bitrate-calculator<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Mi\u00e9rt van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g minderre?<\/h2>\n<p>AptX codec k\u00f6r\u00fcli sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 v\u00e9lem\u00e9nyek ellen\u00e9re, bizonyos f\u00e1jlok eset\u00e9ben rosszabb eredm\u00e9nyeket adhat, mint az SBC, amelynek standard bitratesz\u00e1ma 328 kbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Az SBC dinamikusan osztja ki a kvant\u00e1l\u00e1s biteket a frekvencias\u00e1vok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, az als\u00f3 frekvenci\u00e1kt\u00f3l a magasabbak fel\u00e9 haladva. Ha az \u00f6sszes bitr\u00e1t\u00e1t az als\u00f3 \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9p frekvenci\u00e1kra ford\u00edtj\u00e1k, a fels\u0151 frekvenci\u00e1k \"lev\u00e1g\u00f3dnak\" (helyett\u00fck csend l\u00e9p fel).<br \/>\nAz aptX konstans bitr\u00e1t\u00e1t biztos\u00edt, mivel a frekvencias\u00e1vokat folyamatosan ugyanannyi biten kvant\u00e1lja: 352 kbit\/s a 44.1 kHz-hez, 384 kbit\/s a 48 kHz-hez, \u00e9s nem tudja \"\u00e1tvinni a biteket\" a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges frekvenci\u00e1kra. Az SBC-vel ellent\u00e9tben az aptX nem v\u00e1gja le a frekvenci\u00e1kat, hanem kvant\u00e1l\u00e1si zajokat ad hozz\u00e1, cs\u00f6kkentve az audio dinamika tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1t, \u00e9s id\u0151nk\u00e9nt jellegzetes sisterg\u00e9seket hozva l\u00e9tre. Az SBC viszont \"elt\u00fcnteti a r\u00e9szleteket\" \u2013 eldobja a legcsendesebb r\u00e9szeket.<br \/>\n\u00c1tlagosan az SBC 328k-hoz k\u00e9pest az aptX kevesebb torz\u00edt\u00e1st visz a sz\u00e9les frekvencias\u00e1v\u00fa zen\u00e9be, \u00e1m a keskeny frekvencias\u00e1v\u00fa \u00e9s sz\u00e9les dinamika tartom\u00e1ny\u00fa zen\u00e9k eset\u00e9ben az SBC 328k n\u00e9ha el\u0151nyben van.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg egy konkr\u00e9t esetet. Egy zongora el\u0151ad\u00e1s hangfelv\u00e9tel\u00e9nek spektrogramm\u00e1ja:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/er\/nq\/rc\/ernqrcwa0ic5mqwopjg5zbu_fxm.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/91247edc12764c6a4985e5a58ec1ad81.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A f\u0151 energia a 0 \u00e9s 4 kHz k\u00f6z\u00f6tti frekvenci\u00e1kon tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, \u00e9s 10 kHz-ig folytat\u00f3dik.<br \/>\nAz aptX-ben t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett f\u00e1jl spektrogramm\u00e1ja \u00edgy n\u00e9z ki:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/dl\/bl\/do\/dlbldoq_rdrjykephl2ostfbafk.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/aad46eb446ac9c5cffbd0ce8bd11e45b.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ez pedig az SBC 328k.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/us\/3m\/ke\/us3mke0av1s_1ezkyk6ycq1g2vo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1b879741ea109c10c9e94a9a17830fc6.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy az SBC 328k id\u0151szakosan teljesen lekapcsolta a 16 kHz feletti s\u00e1vot, \u00e9s az \u00f6sszes rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 bitr\u00e1t\u00e1t az alacsonyabb tartom\u00e1nyokra k\u00f6lt\u00f6tte. Azonban az aptX nagyobb torz\u00edt\u00e1st hozott a hallhat\u00f3 emberi f\u00fcl \u00e1ltal \u00e9rz\u00e9kelt frekvenciaspektrumban, amit a kivont eredeti spektrogram \u00e9s az aptX spektrogram k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g mutat (min\u00e9l vil\u00e1gosabb, ann\u00e1l t\u00f6bb torz\u00edt\u00e1s):<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/ug\/-i\/5z\/ug-i5zpihrfnvumf9no_glecqna.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/7820015a2ef3c7f97802de179f2201eb.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00edg az SBC 328k kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 rontotta el a jelet a 0 \u00e9s 10 kHz k\u00f6z\u00f6tti tartom\u00e1nyban, a t\u00f6bbit lev\u00e1gta:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/tf\/x8\/7z\/tfx87z8hpenx51spblrfvkc-ihe.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/793e3011a6aa07f1750cf0a5cca204cf.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Az 485k bitr\u00e1ta elegend\u0151 volt az SBC sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy meg\u0151rizze az \u00f6sszes frekvencias\u00e1vot an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy lekapcsolta volna a s\u00e1vokat.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/_c\/mc\/xy\/_cmcxyxwlf7u4tv-rbplwk5bmtu.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/27f215a26658b9b2bf3d852f4da96740.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Az SBC 485k ezen a kompoz\u00edci\u00f3n jelent\u0151sen megel\u0151zi az aptX-et a 0-15 kHz tartom\u00e1nyban, \u00e9s kisebb, de m\u00e9g mindig \u00e9szlelhet\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ggel a 15-22 kHz tartom\u00e1nyban (min\u00e9l s\u00f6t\u00e9tebb, ann\u00e1l kevesebb torz\u00edt\u00e1s):<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/e-\/qz\/h8\/e-qzh8azmingcbhvuwxj8iptuau.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bluetooth verem m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a hangmin\u0151s\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben AAC, aptX \u00e9s LDAC kodekek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli f\u00fclhallgat\u00f3k eset\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b65c37703ee677f561929ba714ed19ec.svg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/kpx711.zip\">Az eredeti audio, az SBC \u00e9s az aptX arch\u00edvuma<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ha magas bitr\u00e1t\u00e1s SBC-re v\u00e1lt, a hangz\u00e1s gyakran fel\u00fclm\u00falja az aptX-et b\u00e1rmilyen fejhallgat\u00f3n. Az EDR 3 Mbit\/s csatlakoz\u00e1st t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 fejhallgat\u00f3kon a 551 kbit\/s bitr\u00e1ta hangz\u00e1sa \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 az aptX HD-vel.<\/p>\n<h2>Lehetne m\u00e9g t\u00f6bbet is?<\/h2>\n<p>Az Android patch-ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 egy opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a bitr\u00e1ta tov\u00e1bbi n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9t EDR eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k eset\u00e9n 2 Mbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel. A bitr\u00e1t\u00e1t 452 kbit\/s-r\u00f3l 595 kbit\/s-ra lehet emelni, cser\u00e9be a stabilit\u00e1s cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9vel a bonyolult r\u00e1di\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<br \/>\nEl\u00e9g csak a persist.bluetooth.sbc_hd_higher_bitrate v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3t 1 \u00e9rt\u00e9kre \u00e1ll\u00edtani:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># setprop persist.bluetooth.sbc_hd_higher_bitrate 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA magas bitr\u00e1ta patch m\u00e9g csak a LineageOS 15.1-ben ker\u00fclt elfogad\u00e1sra, de a 16.0 eset\u00e9ben nem.<\/p>\n<h2>Kompatibilit\u00e1s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel<\/h2>\n<p>A SBC Dual Channel-t gyakorlatilag minden fejhallgat\u00f3, hangsz\u00f3r\u00f3 \u00e9s aut\u00f3s fejegys\u00e9g t\u00e1mogatja. Nem meglep\u0151, hiszen a szabv\u00e1ny el\u0151\u00edrja a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t b\u00e1rmilyen dek\u00f3dol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n. Csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny eszk\u00f6z van, ahol ez a m\u00f3d probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat okoz, de ezek egyedi esetek.<br \/>\nA kompatibilis eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel r\u00e9szletesebben megismerkedhet <noindex>4pda<\/noindex> vagy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.xda-developers.com\/android\/software-hacking\/improve-bluetooth-audio-quality-t3832615\">xda-developers<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>A hangk\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>K\u00e9sz\u00edtettem egy webszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st, amely val\u00f3s id\u0151ben k\u00f3dolja az audi\u00f3t SBC-be (valamint aptX \u00e9s aptX HD) k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151ben. Ezzel \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthatja a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 SBC profilok hangz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s m\u00e1s kodekeket an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy t\u00e9nylegesen audi\u00f3t k\u00f6zvet\u00edtene Bluetooth-on, b\u00e1rmilyen vezet\u00e9kes fejhallgat\u00f3n, hangsz\u00f3r\u00f3n \u00e9s kedvenc zen\u00e9in, valamint m\u00f3dos\u00edthatja a k\u00f3dol\u00e1si param\u00e9tereket, mik\u00f6zben az audi\u00f3t lej\u00e1tsza.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-encoder\/\">btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-encoder<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kapcsolat a Android fejleszt\u0151ivel<\/h2>\n<p>Sok Bluetooth-stack fejleszt\u0151h\u00f6z \u00edrtam a Google-t\u00f3l, k\u00e9rve, hogy fontolj\u00e1k meg a patch-ek beilleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t az Android f\u0151 \u00e1gba \u2014 AOSP, de egyetlen v\u00e1laszt sem kaptam. A patch-eim <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/android-review.googlesource.com\/q\/topic:bt-sbc-hd-dualchannel+(status:open%20OR%20status:merged)\">a Gerrit patch-menedzsment rendszerben az Android sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra<\/a><\/noindex> szint\u00e9n komment\u00e1r n\u00e9lk\u00fcl maradt senki r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l, aki a dologban \u00e9rintett.<br \/>\n\u00d6r\u00fcln\u00e9k, ha seg\u00edthetn\u00e9nek a Google fejleszt\u0151ivel val\u00f3 kapcsolatfelv\u00e9telben \u00e9s az SBC HD megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban az Android-on. A Gerrit-en l\u00e9v\u0151 patch m\u00e1r elavult (ez az egyik korai verzi\u00f3), \u00e9s friss\u00edteni fogom, ha a fejleszt\u0151ket \u00e9rdeklik a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1saim (neh\u00e9z friss\u00edtenem, mivel nincs Android Q-val kompatibilis eszk\u00f6z\u00f6m).<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1r\u00e1s<\/h2>\n<p>A LineageOS, Resurrection Remix \u00e9s crDroid rom-ot futtat\u00f3 okostelefonok felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i m\u00e1r most is \u00e9lvezhetik a jav\u00edtott hangmin\u0151s\u00e9get, el\u00e9g, ha aktiv\u00e1lj\u00e1k az opci\u00f3t a Bluetooth eszk\u00f6z be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1saiban. A Linux felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i szint\u00e9n magasabb SBC bitr\u00e1t\u00e1t \u00e9rhetnek el <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/pulseaudio-discuss\/2019-June\/031168.html\">Pali Roh\u00e1r patch-\u00e1nak telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel<\/a><\/noindex>, amely, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, hozz\u00e1adja az aptX, aptX HD \u00e9s FastStream kodekek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455316\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0451\u0439: \u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Bluetooth: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 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