{"id":35532,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/bezopasnye-push-uvedomleniya-ot-teorii-k-praktike\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:52","slug":"bezopasnye-push-uvedomleniya-ot-teorii-k-praktike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bezopasnye-push-uvedomleniya-ot-teorii-k-praktike","title":{"rendered":"Biztons\u00e1gos push-\u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek: a gyakorlatba \u00e1t\u00fcltetve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hell\u00f3, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Ma arr\u00f3l mes\u00e9lek, mivel foglalkozunk a koll\u00e9g\u00e1immal m\u00e1r n\u00e9h\u00e1ny h\u00f3napja: a mobil \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151k push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9seivel. Ahogy m\u00e1r eml\u00edtettem, a mi alkalmaz\u00e1sunkban a biztons\u00e1gra helyezz\u00fck a hangs\u00falyt. Ez\u00e9rt igyekezt\u00fcnk kider\u00edteni, vannak-e a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9seknek \"gyenge pontjai\", \u00e9s ha igen, hogyan tudjuk ezeket kiiktatni, hogy ezt a hasznos funkci\u00f3t bevezethess\u00fck a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sunkba.<\/p>\n<p>Megosztom a Mediumon megjelent cikk\u00fcnk ford\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/adamant-im\/push-notifications-friends-or-foes-b118b67ed258?postPublishedType=repub\">n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9ssel. Ebben a \"nyomoz\u00e1s\" eredm\u00e9nyeit \u00e9s azt mutatjuk be, hogyan oldottuk meg a probl\u00e9m\u00e1t.<\/a><\/noindex> Kutatjuk a t\u00e9m\u00e1t<\/p>\n<h2>A klasszikus modellekben a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek sebezhet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik az \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151ket a MITM (Man-in-the-middle, \"Ember a k\u00f6z\u00e9pen\") t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokkal szemben. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Google, a Microsoft \u00e9s a r\u00e9gi iMessage verzi\u00f3ja eset\u00e9n az alkalmaz\u00e1s titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsokat k\u00fcld az Apple szervereire \u2014 a szerveren t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s az \u00fczenetfejl\u00e9c (vagy annak tartalma) dek\u00f3dol\u00e1sa.<\/h2>\n<p>\nEnnek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlik a besz\u00e9lget\u00e9sek elolvas\u00e1s\u00e1ra, ha hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fcnk van a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek szerver\u00e9hez. Ez azt jelenti, hogy b\u00e1rmilyen \u00fczenet titkos\u00edt\u00e1sa hasztalan, mert a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek \u00edgy is lehet\u0151s\u00e9get adnak harmadik felek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az olvas\u00e1sra. Err\u0151l b\u0151vebben \u00edrnak a cikk szerz\u0151i<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Biztons\u00e1gos push-\u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek: a gyakorlatba \u00e1t\u00fcltetve\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5a1d3de5fc9c7d6da3f48490dccd2ab6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\"Titkos\u00edt\u00e1s okosan\" <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xakep.ru\/2018\/06\/14\/useless-encryption\/\">a Xaker.ru oldalon, amely az \u00fczenetek titkos\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereinek szentelt.<\/a><\/noindex> Ha \u00fagy gondolja, hogy az Apple \u00e9s a Google szerverei 100%-osan megakad\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsok sziv\u00e1rg\u00e1s\u00e1t, gondoljon arra, hogy ezekhez a munkat\u00e1rsaik hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rnek. A munkat\u00e1rsak pedig emberek. <\/p>\n<p>Minden push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9s sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9ge ellen\u00e9re sok \"biztons\u00e1gos\" \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151, bele\u00e9rtve a Signal-t \u00e9s a Telegram-ot, haszn\u00e1lja \u0151ket. Mert k\u00fcl\u00f6nben a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak \"k\u00e9zi\" m\u00f3dszerrel kellene figyelni\u00fck az \u00faj \u00fczeneteket, folyamatosan bel\u00e9pve az alkalmaz\u00e1sba. Ami meglehet\u0151sen k\u00e9nyelmetlen, \u00e9s a versenyt\u00e1rs \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151k el\u0151nyre tesznek szert.<br \/>\nParanoia \u00e9s j\u00f3zan \u00e9sz<\/p>\n<h2>A mi projekt\u00fcnkben h\u00f3napokkal ezel\u0151tt komolyan foglalkoztunk ezzel a k\u00e9rd\u00e9ssel. Be kellett vezetn\u00fcnk a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9seket, hogy versenyk\u00e9pesek legy\u00fcnk. De nem akartunk lyukat \u00fctni a biztons\u00e1gon, mert b\u00e1rmilyen adatveszt\u00e9s al\u00e1\u00e1sn\u00e1 a bizalmat a projekttel kapcsolatban.<\/h2>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nEllenben m\u00e1r van egy fontos el\u0151ny\u00fcnk: a mi \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151nk decentraliz\u00e1lt (az adatok blokkl\u00e1ncon t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak), \u00e9s a munkat\u00e1rsak nem f\u00e9rnek hozz\u00e1 a fi\u00f3kokhoz. A titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsok csak a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kn\u00e1l vannak, m\u00edg a besz\u00e9lget\u0151partnerek nyilv\u00e1nos kulcsai el\u00e9rhet\u0151ek a blokkl\u00e1ncon, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00e9k \u0151ket a MITM t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokt\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<p>Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt m\u00e1r van egy fontos el\u0151ny\u00fcnk: a mi \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u0151nk decentraliz\u00e1lt (az adatok a blokkl\u00e1ncon t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak), \u00e9s a munkat\u00e1rsak nem f\u00e9rnek hozz\u00e1 a fi\u00f3kokhoz. A titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsok csak a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kn\u00e1l vannak, a besz\u00e9lget\u0151partnerek nyilv\u00e1nos kulcsai pedig el\u00e9rhet\u0151k a blokkl\u00e1ncon, hogy megv\u00e9djenek a MITM-t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokt\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<p>Az els\u0151 verzi\u00f3ban a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9seinkn\u00e9l maxim\u00e1lisan \u00f3vatosak akartunk lenni, ez\u00e9rt nem k\u00fcldt\u00fck \u00e1t az \u00fczenet sz\u00f6veg\u00e9t. A push szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s csak a fogadott \u00fczenet t\u00e9ny\u00e9r\u0151l kapott jelet a csom\u00f3pontt\u00f3l. Ez\u00e9rt a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 azt l\u00e1tta, hogy \"\u00daj \u00fczenet \u00e9rkezett\". Az \u00fczenetet csak a messenger alkalmaz\u00e1sban lehetett elolvasni. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Biztons\u00e1gos push-\u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek: a gyakorlatba \u00e1t\u00fcltetve\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5f4bf5861141666105cd5c76c27c796c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=21&amp;v=WK3gyH7_iAw\">\u00cdgy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt: vide\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en megtudtuk, hogy az Apple leg\u00fajabb \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9si verzi\u00f3j\u00e1ban \u00faj v\u00e9delmi elemek tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3ak. Ezek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/usernotifications\/unnotificationserviceextension\">kiadt\u00e1k<\/a><\/noindex> UNNotificationServiceExtension, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a fejleszt\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy teljesen titkos\u00edtott \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9si adatokat k\u00fcldjenek az APNS-en kereszt\u00fcl. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a v\u00e9gfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 eszk\u00f6ze dek\u00f3dolja (vagy tov\u00e1bbi adatokat t\u00f6ltenek le) \u00e9s megjelen\u00edti az \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st. Ezt alapk\u00e9nt vett\u00fck a push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek m\u00e1sodik verzi\u00f3j\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n<p>Jelenleg kifejlesztett\u00fck az iOS push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek m\u00e1sodik verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az \u00fczenet sz\u00f6veg\u00e9nek megjelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy a biztons\u00e1got vesz\u00e9lyeztetn\u00e9. Az \u00faj koncepci\u00f3ban a logika \u00edgy n\u00e9z ki:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A push szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s push \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st k\u00fcld egy tranzakci\u00f3s sz\u00e1mmal (a titkos\u00edtott \u00fczenet nagyon nagy lehet, m\u00edg az \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek m\u00e9rete er\u0151sen korl\u00e1tozott)<\/li>\n<li>Az eszk\u00f6z, amikor megkapja az \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st, elind\u00edtja a NotificationServiceExtension-t \u2014 egy mikroszoftvert, amely az id alapj\u00e1n lek\u00e9ri a tranzakci\u00f3t a csom\u00f3pontt\u00f3l, dek\u00f3dolja a meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt jelsz\u00f3val, \u00e9s egy \u00faj \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st k\u00fcld a rendszernek. A jelsz\u00f3 biztons\u00e1gos t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban ker\u00fcl meg\u0151rz\u00e9sre.<\/li>\n<li>A rendszer megjelen\u00edti az \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st a dek\u00f3dolt \u00fczenettel vagy annak ford\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/li>\n<li>A kulcsok nem t\u00e1voznak sehova, ahogyan a sima sz\u00f6veg\u0171 \u00fczenet sem. A push szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1snak nincs lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge az \u00fczenetet dek\u00f3dolni. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Biztons\u00e1gos push-\u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9sek: a gyakorlatba \u00e1t\u00fcltetve\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9b137036738a742c93e5b97a2f0acea5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEzt a verzi\u00f3t munk\u00e1ra vett\u00fck, \u00e9s megval\u00f3s\u00edtottuk az iOS alkalmaz\u00e1s legut\u00f3bbi friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<br \/>\nA technikai r\u00e9szletek ir\u00e1nt \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u0151k a forr\u00e1sk\u00f3dot itt n\u00e9zhetik meg: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Adamant-im\/adamant-notificationService\/\">github.com\/Adamant-im\/adamant-notificationService<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456902\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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