{"id":35676,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-1","title":{"rendered":"A csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 nftables 0.9.1 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Egy \u00e9v fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156139496810281\">bemutatva<\/a><\/noindex> a csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 kiad\u00e1sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.1<\/a><\/noindex>, amely az iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u00e9s ebtables helyettes\u00edt\u00e9sek\u00e9nt fejl\u0151dik, a csomagsz\u0171r\u00e9si interf\u00e9szek egys\u00e9ges\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u00e9s h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hidak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az nftables csomag r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 komponensek tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, m\u00edg a kernel szintj\u00e9n a nf_tables alrendszer biztos\u00edtja a funkci\u00f3kat, amely a Linux kernel 3.13-as kiad\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l kezdve \u00e9rhet\u0151 el. <\/p>\n<p>A kernel szintj\u00e9n csak egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos interf\u00e9sz \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, amely nem f\u00fcgg a konkr\u00e9t protokollt\u00f3l, \u00e9s alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3kat biztos\u00edt az adatok csomagokb\u00f3l val\u00f3 kiemel\u00e9s\u00e9re, az adatokkal v\u00e9gzett m\u0171veletek elv\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a folyamat ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<br \/>\nA sz\u0171r\u00e9si logika \u00e9s a protokollspecikus kezel\u0151k k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl byte-k\u00f3dra vannak ford\u00edtva a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben, ezut\u00e1n a byte-k\u00f3dot a Netlink interf\u00e9szen kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6lti be a kernelbe, \u00e9s egy speci\u00e1lis virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pen fut, amely hasonl\u00edt a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) -hez. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkenti a kernel szinten m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 sz\u0171r\u00e9sek k\u00f3dj\u00e1nak m\u00e9ret\u00e9t, \u00e9s az \u00f6sszes szab\u00e1lyelemz\u00e9si \u00e9s protokoll logik\u00e1t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rbe helyezi.<\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sok:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> IPsec t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a csomagokkal \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 alag\u00fat c\u00edmek, IPsec k\u00e9r\u00e9sazonos\u00edt\u00f3k \u00e9s SPI (Security Parameter Index) c\u00edmk\u00e9k p\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul,\n<p>      ... ipsec in ip saddr 192.168.1.0\/24<br \/>\n      ... ipsec in spi 1-65536<\/p>\n<p>Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl lehets\u00e9ges az IPsec alag\u00faton kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00fatvonal-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, a nem IPsec-en kereszt\u00fcli forgalom blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz: <\/p>\n<p>      ... filter output rt ipsec missing drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) protokoll t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a bej\u00f6v\u0151 IGMP tags\u00e1gi k\u00e9r\u00e9sek elutas\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1lyt haszn\u00e1lhatjuk:\n<p>      nft add rule netdev foo bar igmp type membership-query counter drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge az ugr\u00e1sl\u00e1ncok (jump \/ goto) meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\n<p>      define dest = ber<br \/>\n      add rule ip foo bar jump $dest<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Maszkok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz (OS Fingerprint) a TTL \u00e9rt\u00e9kek alapj\u00e1n a fejl\u00e9ben. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a csomagok c\u00edmk\u00e9z\u00e9s\u00e9re az elk\u00fcld\u0151 OS szerint a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancsot haszn\u00e1lhatjuk:\n<p>    ... meta mark set osf ttl skip name map { \u00abLinux\u00bb : 0x1,<br \/>\n                                              \u00abWindows\u00bb : 0x2,<br \/>\n                                              \u00abMacOS\u00bb : 0x3,<br \/>\n                                              \u00abunknown\u00bb : 0x0 }<br \/>\n    ... osf ttl skip version \u00abLinux:4.20\u00bb<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A forr\u00e1s ARP-c\u00edm\u00e9nek \u00e9s a c\u00e9lrendszer IPv4-c\u00edm\u00e9nek p\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az ARP-csomagok sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9hez, amelyeket a 192.168.2.1 c\u00edmr\u0151l k\u00fcldenek, haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1ly:\n<p>        table arp x {<br \/>\n                chain y {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                        arp saddr ip 192.168.2.1 counter packets 1 bytes 46<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> K\u00e9pess\u00e9g a k\u00e9r\u00e9sek \u00e1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 proxy-n kereszt\u00fcli tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra (tproxy). P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 80-as port h\u00edv\u00e1sainak 8080-as proxyport fel\u00e9 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz:\n<p>        table ip x {<br \/>\n                chain y {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook prerouting priority -150; policy accept;<br \/>\n                        tcp dport 80 tproxy to :8080<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A socketek megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a megadott c\u00edmke k\u00e9s\u0151bbi megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9t a setsockopt() seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel SO_MARK m\u00f3dban. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\n<p>        table inet x {<br \/>\n                chain y {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook prerouting priority -150; policy accept;<br \/>\n                        tcp dport 8080 mark set socket mark<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A l\u00e1ncok priorit\u00e1s\u00e1nak sz\u00f6veges megnevez\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\n<p>        nft add chain ip x raw { type filter hook prerouting priority raw; }<br \/>\n        nft add chain ip x filter { type filter hook prerouting priority filter; }<br \/>\n        nft add chain ip x filter_later { type filter hook prerouting priority filter + 10; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A SELinux (Secmark) c\u00edmk\u00e9k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a \u00absshtag\u00bb c\u00edmke SELinux kontextushoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9s\u00e9re az al\u00e1bbi parancsot ind\u00edthatja el:\n<p>         nft add secmark inet filter sshtag \u00absystem_u:object_r:ssh_server_packet_t:s0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Azt\u00e1n ezt a c\u00edmk\u00e9t haszn\u00e1lhatja a szab\u00e1lyokban:<\/p>\n<p>        nft add rule inet filter input tcp dport 22 meta secmark set \u00absshtag\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>        nft add map inet filter secmapping { type inet_service : secmark; }<br \/>\n        nft add element inet filter secmapping { 22 : \u00absshtag\u00bb }<br \/>\n        nft add rule inet filter input meta secmark set tcp dport map @secmapping<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A protokollokhoz r\u00f6gz\u00edtett portok sz\u00f6veges megad\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, ahogy azt a \/etc\/services f\u00e1jl tartalmazza. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\n<p>        nft add rule x y tcp dport \u00abssh\u00bb<br \/>\n        nft list ruleset -l<br \/>\n        table x {<br \/>\n                chain y {<br \/>\n                        &#8230;<br \/>\n                        tcp dport \u00abssh\u00bb<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sz t\u00edpus\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\n<p>        add rule inet raw prerouting meta iifkind \u00abvrf\u00bb accept<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jav\u00edtottuk a dinamikus tartalomfriss\u00edt\u00e9s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t a halmazok (sets) eset\u00e9ben kifejezett \u00abdynamic\u00bb flag megad\u00e1s\u00e1val. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a \u00abs\u00bb halmaz friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re a forr\u00e1siparccal val\u00f3 kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9ssel \u00e9s a bejegyz\u00e9sek t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9vel, ha 30 m\u00e1sodpercig nem \u00e9rkeznek csomagok:\n<p>        add table x<br \/>\n        add set x s { type ipv4_addr; size 128; timeout 30s; flags dynamic; }<br \/>\n        add chain x y { type filter hook input priority 0; }<br \/>\n        add rule x y update @s { ip saddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A timeout k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 felt\u00e9tel\u00e9nek megad\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 8888-as portra \u00e9rkez\u0151 csomagok alap\u00e9rtelmezett timeout-j\u00e1nak fel\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra az al\u00e1bbiak szerint lehet megadni:\n<p>        table ip filter {<br \/>\n                ct timeout agressive-tcp {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp;<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip;<br \/>\n                        policy = {established: 100, close_wait: 4, close: 4}<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n                chain output {<br \/>\n                        &#8230;<br \/>\n                        tcp dport 8888 ct timeout set \u00abagressive-tcp\u00bb<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> NAT t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s az inet csal\u00e1d sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra:\n<p>        table inet nat {<br \/>\n                &#8230;<br \/>\n                ip6 daddr dead::2::1 dnat to dead:2::99<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jav\u00edtott hiba\u00fczenet-kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k elg\u00e9pel\u00e9sek miatt:\n<p>        nft add chain filtre test<\/p>\n<p>        Hiba: Nincs ilyen f\u00e1jl vagy k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r; a \u00abfilter\u00bb t\u00e1bl\u00e1t akartad a ip csal\u00e1dban?<br \/>\n        l\u00e1nc hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa sz\u0171r\u0151 teszt<br \/>\n                  ^^^^^^<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g interf\u00e9szek neveinek megad\u00e1s\u00e1ra halmazokban (sets):\n<p>        halmaz sc {<br \/>\n               t\u00edpus inet_service . ifname<br \/>\n               elements = { \u00abssh\u00bb . \u00abeth0\u00bb }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Friss\u00fclt a flowtable szab\u00e1lyok szintaxisa:\n<p>        nft add table x<br \/>\n        nft add flowtable x ft { hook ingress priority 0; eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k = { eth0, wlan0 }; }<br \/>\n        &#8230;<br \/>\n        nft add rule x forward ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @ft<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jav\u00edtott\u00e1k a JSON t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50952\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.1, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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