{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat minim\u00e1lis telep\u00edt\u00e9se","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nem k\u00e9telkedem abban, hogy a nemes d\u00f3nok \u2014 Linux rendszergazd\u00e1k \u2014 maxim\u00e1lisan minimaliz\u00e1lni akarj\u00e1k a szerverre telep\u00edtett csomagok sz\u00e1m\u00e1t. Ez k\u00f6lts\u00e9ghat\u00e9konyabb, biztons\u00e1gosabb, \u00e9s a rendszergazda sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a teljes kontroll \u00e9s a folyamatok meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9rz\u00e9s\u00e9t adja.<\/p>\n

Ez\u00e9rt a tipikus oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer telep\u00edt\u00e9si forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv \u00fagy n\u00e9z ki, mint a minim\u00e1lis verzi\u00f3 kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa, majd pedig a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges csomagok felt\u00f6lt\u00e9se.<\/p>\n

\"CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat
\n
\nAzonban a CentOS telep\u00edt\u0151je \u00e1ltal k\u00edn\u00e1lt minim\u00e1lis verzi\u00f3 nem teljesen minim\u00e1lis. Van m\u00f3d arra, hogy a kezdeti rendszer install\u00e1l\u00e1s m\u00e9ret\u00e9t a szabv\u00e1nyos dokument\u00e1lt m\u00f3don cs\u00f6kkents\u00fck.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nA CentOS oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val el\u0151bb-ut\u00f3bb felfedezed a telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a Kickstart mechanizmus seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. M\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem telep\u00edtem a CentOS-t a standard telep\u00edt\u0151vel. A munk\u00e1m sor\u00e1n elegend\u0151 kickstart f\u00e1jl gy\u0171lt \u00f6ssze, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a rendszerek automatikus telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, bele\u00e9rtve az LVM-et, a titkos\u00edtott part\u00edci\u00f3kat, minim\u00e1lis GUI-val stb.<\/p>\n

A 7-es verzi\u00f3 egyik kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban a RedHat egy leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151 opci\u00f3t adott a Kickstarthoz, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a telep\u00edtett rendszer k\u00e9p\u00e9nek tov\u00e1bbi minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

—nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Letiltja a telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t a Mag<\/a><\/noindex> csomagcsoportnak, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nben mindig alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint telep\u00edtve van. A csomagcsoport letilt\u00e1sa kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag k\u00f6nny\u0171 kont\u00e9nerek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3; a desktop vagy a szerver rendszer telep\u00edt\u00e9se \u2014nocore-ral haszn\u00e1lhatatlan rendszert eredm\u00e9nyez. Mag<\/a><\/noindex> A csomagcsoport csak k\u00f6nny\u0171 kont\u00e9nerek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3; az —nocore telep\u00edt\u00e9se asztali vagy szerver rendszeren haszn\u00e1lhatatlan rendszert eredm\u00e9nyez.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A RedHat \u0151szint\u00e9n figyelmeztet a lehet\u0151s\u00e9gekre ennek az opci\u00f3nak a haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val kapcsolatban, azonban az \u00e1ltalam a val\u00f3s k\u00f6rnyezetben elt\u00f6lt\u00f6tt \u00e9vek tapasztalatai meger\u0151s\u00edtik annak stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Az al\u00e1bbiakban bemutatok egy kickstart f\u00e1jlt a minim\u00e1lis telep\u00edt\u00e9shez. A b\u00e1torak kiz\u00e1rhatj\u00e1k bel\u0151le a yum-ot. K\u00e9sz\u00fclj fel meglepet\u00e9sekre:<\/p>\n

install\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --agreed\nfirstboot --disable\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang hu_HU.UTF-8\ntimezone Africa\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSzeretn\u00e9m megjegyezni, hogy a CentOS\/RedHat loj\u00e1lisabb a Fedora-hoz k\u00e9pest az opci\u00f3 \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9ben. Az ut\u00f3bbi annyira ki\u00fcres\u00edti a rendszert, hogy ism\u00e9telt telep\u00edt\u00e9sre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g \u00e9letfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa seg\u00e9dprogramok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\n
B\u00f3nuszk\u00e9nt bemutatom a \u00abvar\u00e1zslatot\u00bb a minim\u00e1lis grafikus k\u00f6rnyezet telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez CentOS\/RHEL (7-es verzi\u00f3):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMind a minim\u00e1lis oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer k\u00e9p, mind a minim\u00e1lis grafikus k\u00f6rnyezet kipr\u00f3b\u00e1lva lett, \u00e9s val\u00f3s rendszereken m\u0171k\u00f6dik.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b Linux \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 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\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c CentOS, 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