{"id":36535,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:11","slug":"kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e6656d4db027ab2705550726d5ab1908.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAz egyszer\u0171 jelszavak nem v\u00e9denek, m\u00edg a bonyolultak nehezen megjegyezhet\u0151k. Ez\u00e9rt gyakran a billenty\u0171zet alatt vagy a monitoron v\u00e9gzik. Annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy a \u201efeled\u00e9keny\u201d felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k fej\u00e9ben maradjanak a jelszavak, \u00e9s a v\u00e9delem megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1ga ne csorbuljon, l\u00e9tezik a k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s (2FA).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9k birtokl\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s a PIN-k\u00f3d ismeret\u00e9nek kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ja lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a PIN-k\u00f3d egyszer\u0171bb \u00e9s k\u00f6nnyebben megjegyezhet\u0151 legyen. A PIN-k\u00f3d hossz\u00e1nak vagy v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gait a fizikai birtokl\u00e1s k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nye \u00e9s a PIN-k\u00f3d megad\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok kompenz\u00e1lj\u00e1k. <\/p>\n<p>Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl az \u00e1llami int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyekben el\u0151fordul, hogy azt akarj\u00e1k, hogy minden a GOST szerint m\u0171k\u00f6dj\u00f6n. Err\u0151l a 2FA megold\u00e1sr\u00f3l a Linuxba val\u00f3 bel\u00e9p\u00e9shez fogok besz\u00e9lni. Messzir\u0151l kezdem.<\/p>\n<h1>PAM-modulok<\/h1>\n<p>\nAz autentik\u00e1ci\u00f3s modulok (Pluggable Authentication Modules, PAM) egy szabv\u00e1nyos API-val rendelkez\u0151 modulok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le autentik\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmusokat val\u00f3s\u00edtanak meg az alkalmaz\u00e1sokban. <br \/>\nMinden olyan seg\u00e9dprogram \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s, amely k\u00e9pes PAM-mal dolgozni, \u00e1tveszi \u0151ket, \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1lhatja a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re.<br \/>\nA gyakorlatban ez k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl \u00edgy m\u0171k\u00f6dik: a login parancs a PAM-hoz fordul, amely v\u00e9grehajtja az \u00f6sszes sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges ellen\u0151rz\u00e9st a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlban megadott modulok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, \u00e9s visszaadja az eredm\u00e9nyt a login parancsnak.<\/p>\n<h2>librtpam<\/h2>\n<p>\nAz \"Akt\u00edv\" c\u00e9g \u00e1ltal kifejlesztett modul k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9st ad a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra okosk\u00e1rty\u00e1k vagy USB-tokenek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, aszimmetrikus kulcsokkal, a leg\u00fajabb belf\u00f6ldi kriptogr\u00e1fiai szabv\u00e1nyok szerint. <\/p>\n<p>Vegy\u00fck szem\u00fcgyre a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si elv\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a tokenen a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nya \u00e9s a priv\u00e1t kulcsa tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3;<\/li>\n<li>a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 otthoni k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r\u00e1ban hiteles\u00edtettk\u00e9nt van mentve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si folyamat a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k\u00e9ppen zajlik:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A Rootokenen a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyes tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1t keresik.<\/li>\n<li>A token PIN-k\u00f3dj\u00e1t k\u00e9rik.<\/li>\n<li>A v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 adatok al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sa a priv\u00e1t kulccsal k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a Rootoken chipj\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik.<\/li>\n<li>Az \u00edgy kapott al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1st a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 nyilv\u00e1nos kulcs seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel ellen\u0151rzik.<\/li>\n<li>A modul visszaadja az al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek eredm\u00e9ny\u00e9t a h\u00edv\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1snak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A GOST R 34.10-2012 (256 vagy 512 bites hossz\u00fas\u00e1g\u00fa) vagy elavult GOST R 34.10-2001 szabv\u00e1ny szerint lehet hiteles\u00edteni. <\/p>\n<p>A kulcsok biztons\u00e1ga miatt nem kell agg\u00f3dni \u2013 azok k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a Rutokenben gener\u00e1l\u00f3dnak, \u00e9s soha nem hagyj\u00e1k el annak mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t a kriptogr\u00e1fiai m\u0171veletek sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/61047962c9aee308d69553201e05203d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA Rutoken ECP 2.0 tan\u00fas\u00edtva van az FSB \u00e9s az FSTEK \u00e1ltal az NDV 4 szerint, ez\u00e9rt haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 olyan inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerekben, amelyek bizalmas inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat dolgoznak fel. <\/p>\n<h2>Gyakorlati haszn\u00e1lat<\/h2>\n<p>\nGyakorlatilag b\u00e1rmilyen modern Linux megfelel\u0151, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a xUbuntu 18.10-et fogjuk haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n<h3>1) Telep\u00edtj\u00fck a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges csomagokat<\/h3>\n<p>\n<code>sudo apt-get install libccid pcscd opensc<\/code><br \/>\nHa szeretn\u00e9k a k\u00e9perny\u0151v\u00e9d\u0151vel letiltani a munkafel\u00fcletet, akkor tov\u00e1bbi csomagot kell telep\u00edteni <code>libpam-pkcs11<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Hozz\u00e1adjuk a PAM modult a GOST t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal<\/h3>\n<p>\nBet\u00f6ltj\u00fck a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/download.rutoken.ru\/Rutoken\/PAM\/\">https:\/\/download.rutoken.ru\/Rutoken\/PAM\/<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nA PAM librtpam.so.1.0.0 mapp\u00e1j\u00e1nak tartalm\u00e1t \u00e1tm\u00e1soljuk a rendszer mapp\u00e1j\u00e1ba<br \/>\n<code>\/usr\/lib\/<\/code> vagy <code>\/usr\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/<\/code>vagy <code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>3) Telep\u00edtj\u00fck a librtpkcs11ecp.so csomagot<\/h3>\n<p>\nLet\u00f6ltj\u00fck \u00e9s telep\u00edtj\u00fck a DEB- vagy RPM-csomagot a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 linken: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rutoken.ru\/support\/download\/pkcs\/\">https:\/\/www.rutoken.ru\/support\/download\/pkcs\/<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>4) Ellen\u0151rizz\u00fck, hogy a Rutoken ECP 2.0 m\u0171k\u00f6dik-e a rendszerben<\/h3>\n<p>\nA termin\u00e1lban v\u00e9grehajtjuk<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -T<\/code><br \/>\nHa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sort l\u00e1tja: <code>Rutoken ECP<\/code> \u2013 akkor minden j\u00f3l van.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Kiolvassuk a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt<\/h3>\n<p>\nEllen\u0151rizz\u00fck, hogy a k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9ken van-e tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -O<\/code><br \/>\nHa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sor ut\u00e1n:<br \/>\n<code>Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 jelenik meg<\/b> a kulcsokr\u00f3l \u00e9s a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokr\u00f3l, akkor sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt kiolvasni \u00e9s a lemezre menteni. Ehhez hajtsa v\u00e9gre a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancsot, ahol a {id} hely\u00e9re a kor\u00e1bbi parancs kimenet\u00e9ben l\u00e1tott tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny azonos\u00edt\u00f3t kell behelyettes\u00edteni:<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -r -y cert --id {id} --output-file cert.crt<\/code><br \/>\n Ha a cert.crt f\u00e1jl l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt, l\u00e9pjen a 6. pontra.<\/li>\n<li><b>nincs semmi<\/b>, akkor a k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9k \u00fcres. K\u00e9rj\u00fck, l\u00e9pjen kapcsolatba a rendszeradminisztr\u00e1torral, vagy hozzon l\u00e9tre kulcsokat \u00e9s tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3an a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9s szerint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5.1) L\u00e9trehozunk egy teszt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Figyelem! A kulcsok \u00e9s tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak le\u00edrt m\u00f3djai tesztel\u00e9sre alkalmasak, \u00e9s nem a val\u00f3s \u00fczemm\u00f3dban val\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1sra. Ehhez megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nykiad\u00f3 k\u00f6zpont \u00e1ltal kiadott kulcsokat \u00e9s tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat kell haszn\u00e1lni, vagy akkredit\u00e1lt hiteles\u00edt\u0151 k\u00f6zpontot.<br \/>\nA PAM-modul c\u00e9lja a helyi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek v\u00e9delme \u00e9s a kis szervezetekben val\u00f3 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s. Mivel a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1ma csek\u00e9ly, az adminisztr\u00e1tor mag\u00e1nak is ellen\u0151rizheti a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok visszavon\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s manu\u00e1lisan blokkolhatja a fi\u00f3kokat, ak\u00e1rcsak a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok \u00e9rv\u00e9nyess\u00e9gi idej\u00e9t. A PAM-modul jelenleg nem tud tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat ellen\u0151rizni a CRL-en \u00e9s nem tudja fel\u00e9p\u00edteni a bizalmi l\u00e1ncokat.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Egyszer\u0171 \u00fat (b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151n kereszt\u00fcl)<\/h4>\n<p>\nA teszt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez haszn\u00e1lja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ra.rutoken.ru\/\">a \u00abRUTOKEN Regisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3s K\u00f6zpont\u00bb webszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st<\/a><\/noindex>. A folyamat legfeljebb 5 percet vesz ig\u00e9nybe.<\/p>\n<h4>Geek \u00fat (termin\u00e1lon \u00e9s lehet, hogy ford\u00edt\u00f3n kereszt\u00fcl)<\/h4>\n<p>\n<b>Ellen\u0151rizze az OpenSC verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t <\/b><br \/>\n<code>$ opensc-tool --version<\/code><br \/>\nHa a verzi\u00f3 kisebb mint 0.20, friss\u00edtse vagy ford\u00edtsa le <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/AktivCo\/OpenSC\/tree\/gostr3410-2012\/\">a pkcs11-tool \u00e1gat GOST-2012 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal<\/a><\/noindex> a GitHub-unkb\u00f3l (cikk\u00fcnk megjelen\u00e9sekor a 0.20-as kiad\u00e1s m\u00e9g nem jelent meg) vagy a f\u0151 OpenSC projekt master \u00e1ga fel\u0151l legk\u00e9s\u0151bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/OpenSC\/OpenSC\/tree\/8cf1e6f769b36bdcadc3958574305b90e88c816d\">8cf1e6f commit el\u0151tt<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kulcs p\u00e1r gener\u00e1l\u00e1sa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 param\u00e9terekkel:<br \/>\n<code>--key-type: GOSTR3410-2012-512:A (GOST-2012 512 bit A param\u00e9terekkel), GOSTR3410-2012-256:A (GOST-2012 256 bit A param\u00e9terekkel)<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>--id: <\/code> a CKA_ID objektum azonos\u00edt\u00f3, hex-form\u00e1tumban k\u00e9t karakter sz\u00e1mjegy. Csak nyomtathat\u00f3 karakterek ASCII k\u00f3djait haszn\u00e1lja, mivel az id-t az OpenSSL-nek stringk\u00e9nt kell \u00e1tadni. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az ASCII sz\u00e1mk\u00f3dok \u201c3132\u201d felel meg a \u00ab12\u00bb stringnek. <b> A k\u00e9nyelem \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rapidtables.com\/convert\/number\/ascii-to-hex.html\">online string ASCII k\u00f3dokk\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00f3 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s<\/a><\/noindex><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><code>$ .\/pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so --keypairgen --key-type GOSTR3410-2012-512:A -l --id 3132<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Ezut\u00e1n tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt fogunk l\u00e9trehozni. K\u00e9t utat fogunk le\u00edrni: az els\u0151 az \u00dcgyf\u00e9lkapu (teszt \u00dcgyf\u00e9lkapuval fogunk dolgozni), a m\u00e1sodik \u2013 az \u00f6nal\u00e1\u00edrt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny. Ehhez el\u0151sz\u00f6r telep\u00edtenie \u00e9s be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtania az OpenSSL 1.1 vagy \u00fajabb verzi\u00f3t a RUTOKEN haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz a rtengine k\u00fcl\u00f6n modulj\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl, az \u00fatmutat\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.rutoken.ru\/display\/PUB\/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0+OpenSSL\">OpenSSL telep\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nP\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: az '-<code>-id 3132<\/code>\u2019 az OpenSSL-ben a &#171; megad\u00e1sa sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<code>pkcs11:id=12<\/code>A &#171;ALTER TABLE&#187; \u00e9s &#171;RENAME TABLE&#187; m\u0171veletekben t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a &#171;IF EXISTS&#187; felt\u00e9tel, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3 v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t a t\u00e1bla l\u00e9tez\u00e9se eset\u00e9n. <\/p>\n<p>Haszn\u00e1lhatja a sok teszt \u00dcgyf\u00e9lkapu egyik\u00e9t, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptopro.ru\/solutions\/test-ca\">itt van<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/testcert.infotecs.ru\/\">itt van <\/a><\/noindex>\u00e9s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/soft.lissi.ru\/services\/test_ca\/\">itt van<\/a><\/noindex>, ehhez tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyk\u00e9relmet fogunk beny\u00fajtani<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e1sik lehet\u0151s\u00e9g \u2013 lehet laz\u00edtani \u00e9s l\u00e9trehozni egy \u00f6nal\u00e1\u00edrt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt.<br \/>\n<code>$ openssl req -utf8 <b>-new<\/b> -keyform engine -key \"pkcs11:id=12\" -engine rtengine -out req.csr<\/code><\/p>\n<p>T\u00f6lts\u00fck fel a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt az eszk\u00f6zre.<br \/>\n<code>$ openssl req -utf8 <b>-x509<\/b> -keyform motor -key \"pkcs11:id=12\" -engine rtengine -out cert.cer<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>6) Regisztr\u00e1lja a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt a rendszerben.<\/h3>\n<p>\nGy\u0151z\u0151dj\u00f6n meg arr\u00f3l, hogy tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nya base64 f\u00e1jl form\u00e1tum\u00fa:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/83a7e25541041d02365141e682bd4635.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nHa a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nya \u00edgy n\u00e9z ki:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f385e4e288a49acfb2c54be4c24749e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nakkor a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt \u00e1t kell konvert\u00e1lni DER form\u00e1tumb\u00f3l PEM form\u00e1tumba (base64)<\/p>\n<p><code>$ openssl x509 -in cert.crt -out cert.pem -inform DER -outform PEM<\/code><br \/>\nIsm\u00e9t ellen\u0151rizz\u00fck, hogy most minden rendben van.<\/p>\n<p>Hozz\u00e1adunk egy tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1j\u00e1hoz<br \/>\n<code>$ mkdir ~\/.eid<br \/>\n$ chmod 0755 ~\/.eid<br \/>\n$ cat cert.pem &gt;&gt; ~\/.eid\/authorized_certificates<br \/>\n$ chmod 0644 ~\/.eid\/authorized_certificates<\/code><br \/>\nAz utols\u00f3 sor megv\u00e9di a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1j\u00e1t a v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 vagy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kos m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokt\u00f3l m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00e1ltal. Ez kiz\u00e1rja annak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, hogy valaki ide beillesztse a saj\u00e1t tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1t, \u00e9s \u00edgy a nev\u00fcnkben bel\u00e9pjen a rendszerbe.<\/p>\n<h3>7) Hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa <\/h3>\n<p>\nA PAM modulunk be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa teljesen standard, \u00e9s pontosan \u00fagy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, mint a t\u00f6bbi modul be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa. K\u00e9sz\u00edts\u00fck el a f\u00e1jlt <code>\/usr\/share\/pam-configs\/rutoken-gost-pam<\/code> , amely tartalmazza a modul teljes nev\u00e9t, hogy alap\u00e9rtelmezettk\u00e9nt enged\u00e9lyezve van-e, a modul priorit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si param\u00e9tereket.<br \/>\nA hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si param\u00e9terek tartalmazz\u00e1k a m\u0171velet sikeress\u00e9g\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeket:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>required (k\u00f6telez\u0151): az ilyen moduloknak pozit\u00edv v\u00e1laszt kell adniuk. Ha a modul h\u00edv\u00e1s\u00e1nak eredm\u00e9nye negat\u00edv v\u00e1laszt tartalmaz, akkor az hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si hib\u00e1hoz vezet. A k\u00e9r\u00e9s t\u00f6rl\u00e9sre ker\u00fcl, de a t\u00f6bbi modul h\u00edvva lesz.<\/li>\n<li>requisite (sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges): hasonl\u00f3 a required-hoz, de azonnal hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si hib\u00e1hoz vezet, \u00e9s figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyja a t\u00f6bbi modult.<\/li>\n<li>sufficient (megfelel\u0151): ha ilyen modul el\u0151tt egyik required vagy sufficient modul sem adott negat\u00edv eredm\u00e9nyt, akkor a modul pozit\u00edv v\u00e1laszt fog adni. A t\u00f6bbi modult figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyj\u00e1k.<\/li>\n<li>optional (opcion\u00e1lis): ha a veremben nincsenek required modulok, \u00e9s egyik sufficient modul sem adott pozit\u00edv eredm\u00e9nyt, akkor legal\u00e1bb egy optional modulnak pozit\u00edv v\u00e1laszt kell adnia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA f\u00e1jl teljes tartalma <code>\/usr\/share\/pam-configs\/rutoken-gost-pam<\/code>:<br \/>\n<code>N\u00e9v: Rutoken PAM GOST<br \/>\nAlap\u00e9rtelmezett: igen<br \/>\nPriorit\u00e1s: 800<br \/>\nAuth-T\u00edpus: Els\u0151dleges<br \/>\nAuth: elegend\u0151 \/usr\/lib\/librtpam.so.1.0.0 \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so<\/code><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/804bd960918413e2134617b2ce31f0af.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nmentj\u00fck a f\u00e1jlt, majd v\u00e9grehajtjuk<br \/>\n<code>$ sudo pam-auth-update<\/code><br \/>\na megjelen\u0151 ablakban helyezz\u00fcnk csillagot a <b>Rutoken PAM GOST<\/b> mellett, majd kattintsunk <b>OK<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2fb2e020c943ef3a22f09985a939a1c9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>8) A be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se <\/h3>\n<p>\nA be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez, de an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy elvesz\u00edten\u00e9nk a bel\u00e9p\u00e9s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00edrjuk be a parancsot<br \/>\n<code>$ sudo login<\/code><br \/>\nAdja meg a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nevet. Ha a rendszer k\u00e9rni fogja az eszk\u00f6z PIN-k\u00f3dj\u00e1t, a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s helyes.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2501ca77a0c881ebb9fe588031a2c8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>9) A sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p letilt\u00e1sa a token elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sakor<\/h3>\n<p>\nA csomag tartalmazza a <code>libpam-pkcs11<\/code> eszk\u00f6zt, <code>pkcs11_eventmgr,<\/code> amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le m\u0171veletek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t PKCS#11 esem\u00e9nyek bek\u00f6vetkeztekor.<br \/>\nA be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz <code>A pkcs11_eventmgr<\/code> konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlja: <code>\/etc\/pam_pkcs11\/pkcs11_eventmgr.conf<\/code><br \/>\n<i>A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k eset\u00e9ben a parancs, amely letiltja a fi\u00f3kot a smart card vagy token elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sakor, elt\u00e9r\u0151 lesz. L\u00e1sd: <code>event card_remove<\/code>.<\/i><br \/>\nAz al\u00e1bbi p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jl:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">pkcs11_eventmgr\n{\n    # H\u00e1tt\u00e9rben val\u00f3 futtat\u00e1s\n    daemon = true;\n     \n    # Hiba\u00fczenetek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\n    debug = false;\n \n    # Lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9si id\u0151 m\u00e1sodpercekben\n    polling_time = 1;\n \n    # K\u00e1rtya t\u00f6rl\u00e9si id\u0151t\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\n    # Alap\u00e9rtelmezett 0\n    expire_time = 0;\n \n    # A pkcs11 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa a R\u00fctoken kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez\n    pkcs11_module = usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so;\n \n    # Akci\u00f3k a k\u00e1rty\u00e1val\n    # K\u00e1rtya behelyezve:\n    event card_insert {\n        # Alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e9rt\u00e9kek meg\u0151rz\u00e9se (nincs tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g)\n        on_error = ignore;\n \n        action = \"\/bin\/false\";\n    }\n \n    # K\u00e1rtya elt\u00e1vol\u00edtva\n    event card_remove {\n        on_error = ignore;\n         \n        # A k\u00e9perny\u0151z\u00e1r funkci\u00f3 h\u00edv\u00e1sa\n        \n        # GNOME eset\u00e9n\n        action = \"dbus-send --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.ScreenSaver \/org\/gnome\/ScreenSaver org.gnome.ScreenSaver.Lock\";\n        \n        # XFCE eset\u00e9n\n        # action = \"xflock4\";\n        \n        # Astra Linux eset\u00e9n (FLY)\n        # action = \"fly-wmfunc FLYWM_LOCK\";\n    }\n \n    # K\u00e1rtya hossz\u00fa ideig elt\u00e1vol\u00edtva\n    event expire_time {\n        # Alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e9rt\u00e9kek meg\u0151rz\u00e9se (nincs tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g)\n        on_error = ignore;\n \n        action = \"\/bin\/false\";\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ezut\u00e1n adja hozz\u00e1 az alkalmaz\u00e1st <code>A pkcs11_eventmgr<\/code> az automatikus ind\u00edt\u00e1shoz. Ehhez szerkessze a .bash_profile f\u00e1jlt:<br \/>\n<code>$ nano \/home\/&lt;felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3n\u00e9v&gt;\/.bash_profile<\/code><br \/>\nAdjon hozz\u00e1 a f\u00e1jl v\u00e9g\u00e9hez egy pkcs11_eventmgr sort, majd ind\u00edtsa \u00fajra a g\u00e9pet.<\/p>\n<p><b>A le\u00edrt l\u00e9p\u00e9sek a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si rendszer be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz b\u00e1rmely modern Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3ban alkalmazhat\u00f3ak, bele\u00e9rtve a hazai megold\u00e1sokat is. <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1lj PAM-modulokat helyi hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez Linux alatt a GOST-2012 kulcsokkal a RUTOKEN-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ec235d0d0d50e23fbf09d4849d1fdd11.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1r\u00e1s <\/h2>\n<p>\nA Linux PC-k a orosz \u00e1llami int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyekben egyre n\u00e9pszer\u0171bbek, \u00e9s nem mindig k\u00f6nny\u0171 megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9st be\u00e1ll\u00edtani ebben az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerben. Ezzel az \u00fatmutat\u00f3val \u00f6r\u00f6mmel seg\u00edt\u00fcnk megoldani a \"jelszavak probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1t\" \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gosan v\u00e9dj\u00fck a PC-hez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st, nem k\u00f6ltve r\u00e1 sok id\u0151t.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/aktiv-company\/blog\/461199\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u201c\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445\u201d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u2013 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (2\u0424\u0410). \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e PIN-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0430\u043c PIN-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\".\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" 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