{"id":36619,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/post-analiz-chto-izvestno-o-poslednej-atake-na-set-serverov-kriptoklyuchej-sks-keyserver\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:43","slug":"post-analiz-chto-izvestno-o-poslednej-atake-na-set-serverov-kriptoklyuchej-sks-keyserver","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/post-analiz-chto-izvestno-o-poslednej-atake-na-set-serverov-kriptoklyuchej-sks-keyserver","title":{"rendered":"Ut\u00f3elemz\u00e9s: mi ismert a legutols\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1sr\u00f3l a SKS Keyserver kriptokulcs h\u00e1l\u00f3zat ellen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A hekkerek kihaszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k az OpenPGP protokoll egy jellemz\u0151j\u00e9t, amely m\u00e1r t\u00f6bb mint t\u00edz \u00e9ve ismert. <\/p>\n<p>Elmondjuk, mir\u0151l van sz\u00f3, \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt nem lehet ezt kijav\u00edtani.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461443\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ut\u00f3elemz\u00e9s: mi ismert a legutols\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1sr\u00f3l a SKS Keyserver kriptokulcs h\u00e1l\u00f3zat ellen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d8fec24b72a147e758eb1174eecb7336.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/8fs1X0JFgFE\">Chunlea Ju<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>H\u00e1l\u00f3zati probl\u00e9m\u00e1k<\/h2>\n<p>\nJ\u00fanius k\u00f6zep\u00e9n ismeretlenek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/rjhansen\/67ab921ffb4084c865b3618d6955275f\">t\u00e1mad\u00e1st hajtottak v\u00e9gre<\/a><\/noindex> a kriptogr\u00e1fiai kulcsok kiszolg\u00e1l\u00f3inak h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/skskeyserver\/sks-keyserver\/src\/default\/\">SKS Keyserver<\/a><\/noindex>, amely az OpenPGP protokollra \u00e9p\u00fclt. Ez az IETF standard (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4880\">RFC 4880<\/a><\/noindex>), amelyet e-mailek \u00e9s m\u00e1s \u00fczenetek titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lnak. Az SKS h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot harminc \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt alak\u00edtott\u00e1k ki nyilv\u00e1nos tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Olyan eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k csatlakoznak hozz\u00e1, mint a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GnuPG\">GnuPG<\/a><\/noindex> az adatok titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n<p>A hekkerek kompromitt\u00e1lt\u00e1k a GnuPG projekt k\u00e9t maintainer\u00e9nek, Robert Hansennek \u00e9s Daniel Gillmornak a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyait. A s\u00e9r\u00fclt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny let\u00f6lt\u00e9se a szerverr\u0151l a GnuPG m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek le\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet \u2014 a rendszer egyszer\u0171en lefagy. Van okunk felt\u00e9telezni, hogy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3k nem \u00e1llnak meg itt, \u00e9s a kompromitt\u00e1lt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok sz\u00e1ma csak n\u00f6vekedni fog. Jelenleg a probl\u00e9ma m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke m\u00e9g ismeretlen.<\/p>\n<h2>A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s l\u00e9nyege<\/h2>\n<p>\nA hekkerek kihaszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k az OpenPGP protokoll egy sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. Ezt a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g m\u00e1r \u00e9vtizedek \u00f3ta ismeri. M\u00e9g a GitHub-on is <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/micahflee\/trollwot\">k\u00f6zt\u00fck olyan c\u00e9geket tal\u00e1lunk, mint a WIRED, a Ford \u00e9s a General Motors, a SpaceX, a GitHub \u00e9s a GitLab, valamint m\u00e9g ezer m\u00e1sik.<\/a><\/noindex> vannak megfelel\u0151 exploitok. De eddig senki sem v\u00e1llalta a felel\u0151ss\u00e9get a \u201elyuk\u201d kijav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt (err\u0151l a k\u00e9s\u0151bbiekben r\u00e9szletesebben besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny v\u00e1logat\u00e1s a blogunkb\u00f3l a Habr-on:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/446634\/\">SDN-\u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 \u2014 hat ny\u00edlt forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d\u00fa emulator<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/446058\/\">Hogyan \u00e9p\u00edts\u00fcnk SDN-t \u2014 nyolc ny\u00edlt forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d\u00fa eszk\u00f6z<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/433298\/\">H\u00e1l\u00f3zati \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3: 17 szak\u00e9rt\u0151i anyag a Wi-Fi-r\u00f3l \u00e9s 5G-r\u0151l<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nAz OpenPGP specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 szerint b\u00e1rki hozz\u00e1adhat digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sokat a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokhoz a tulajdonosuk meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. A maxim\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok sz\u00e1ma nincs szab\u00e1lyozva. Itt egy probl\u00e9ma mer\u00fcl fel \u2014 az SKS h\u00e1l\u00f3zat lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi ak\u00e1r 150 ezer al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9t egy tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyon, de a GnuPG nem t\u00e1mogat ennyi al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1st. \u00cdgy, amikor a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt bet\u00f6ltj\u00fck, a GnuPG (\u00e9s m\u00e1s OpenPGP megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sok is) lefagy.<\/p>\n<p>Az egyik felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/buttondown.email\/cryptography-dispatches\/archive\/cryptography-dispatches-hello-world-and-openpgp\/\">k\u00eds\u00e9rletet v\u00e9gzett<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny import\u00e1l\u00e1sa k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10 percet vett ig\u00e9nybe. A tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nynak t\u00f6bb mint 54 ezer al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sa volt, \u00e9s a m\u00e9rete 17 MB volt:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ gpg --homedir=$PWD --recv C4BC2DDB38CCE96485EBE9C2F20691179038E5C6\ngpg: kulcs F20691179038E5C6: 4 duplik\u00e1lt al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s elt\u00e1vol\u00edtva\ngpg: kulcs F20691179038E5C6: 54614 al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s nem lett ellen\u0151rizve hi\u00e1nyz\u00f3 kulcsok miatt\ngpg: kulcs F20691179038E5C6: 4 al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e1trendezve\ngpg: kulcs F20691179038E5C6: nyilv\u00e1nos kulcs \"Daniel Kahn Gillmor \" import\u00e1lva\ngpg: nem tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 v\u00e9glegesen megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 kulcs\ngpg: \u00d6sszesen feldolgozott: 1\ngpg:               import\u00e1lva: 1\n$ ls -lh pubring.gpg\n-rw-r--r--  1 filippo  staff    17M  2 Jul 16:30 pubring.gpg\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA helyzetet s\u00falyosb\u00edtja, hogy az OpenPGP kulcs szerverek nem t\u00f6rlik a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokkal kapcsolatos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat. Ez az\u00e9rt van, hogy nyomon lehessen k\u00f6vetni a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokkal kapcsolatos \u00f6sszes tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get \u00e9s megakad\u00e1lyozni a hamis\u00edt\u00e1st. Ez\u00e9rt a kompromitt\u00e1lt elemek elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa nem lehets\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben az SKS h\u00e1l\u00f3zat egy nagy \"f\u00e1jl szerver\", ahov\u00e1 b\u00e1rki \u00edrhat adatokat. A probl\u00e9ma illusztr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra tavaly a GitHub egyik lak\u00f3ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/yakamok\/keyserver-fs\">l\u00e9trehozott egy f\u00e1jlrendszert<\/a><\/noindex>, amely dokumentumokat t\u00e1rol a kriptogr\u00e1fiai kulcsok szerverei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\n<h2>Mi\u00e9rt nem z\u00e1rt\u00e1k le a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get?<\/h2>\n<p>\nA sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g lez\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ra nem volt ok. Kor\u00e1bban nem haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k hacker t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. B\u00e1r az IT k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=20315633\">r\u00e9gen k\u00e9rte<\/a><\/noindex> az SKS \u00e9s OpenPGP fejleszt\u0151it, hogy figyeljenek a probl\u00e9m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>A tisztess\u00e9g kedv\u00e9\u00e9rt \u00e9rdemes megjegyezni, hogy j\u00faniusban m\u00e9gis <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/keys.openpgp.org\/about\/news#2019-06-12-launch\">elind\u00edtott\u00e1k<\/a><\/noindex> egy k\u00eds\u00e9rleti kulcsszerver <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/keys.openpgp.org\/about\/news\">keys.openpgp.org<\/a><\/noindex>indult. Ez v\u00e9delmet ny\u00fajt az ilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokkal szemben. Azonban az adatb\u00e1zis\u00e1t null\u00e1r\u00f3l t\u00f6ltik fel, \u00e9s maga a szerver nem r\u00e9sze az SKS-nek. Ez\u00e9rt id\u0151be telik, mire haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ut\u00f3elemz\u00e9s: mi ismert a legutols\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1sr\u00f3l a SKS Keyserver kriptokulcs h\u00e1l\u00f3zat ellen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6ab10981f7c6215cede6e26c2fd3aa5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/_DkmMhzrsYY\">Rub\u00e9n Bag\u00fc\u00e9s<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ami az eredeti rendszer hib\u00e1j\u00e1t illeti, annak jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t egy bonyolult szinkroniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmus akad\u00e1lyozza. A kulcsszerverek h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1t eredetileg Yaron Minsky doktori disszert\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak v\u00e9delm\u00e9re \u00edrt\u00e1k proof of conceptk\u00e9nt. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul egy meglehet\u0151sen specifikus OCaml nyelvet v\u00e1lasztottak a munk\u00e1hoz. A <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/rjhansen\/67ab921ffb4084c865b3618d6955275f\">szavak<\/a><\/noindex> fenntart\u00f3 Robert Hansen szerint neh\u00e9z eligibiliz\u00e1lni a k\u00f3dot, ez\u00e9rt csak apr\u00f3 jav\u00edt\u00e1sokat v\u00e9geznek el. Az SKS architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t modifik\u00e1lni, azt null\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00fajra kellene \u00edrni.<\/p>\n<p>Mindenesetre a GnuPG nem hiszi, hogy a h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot valaha is siker\u00fclne megjav\u00edtani. A GitHubon \u00edrt posztban a fejleszt\u0151k m\u00e9g azt is megjegyezt\u00e9k, hogy nem aj\u00e1nlj\u00e1k az SKS Keyserver haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban ez az egyik f\u0151 oka annak, hogy elind\u00edtott\u00e1k az \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1st az \u00faj keys.openpgp.org szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sra. Csak figyeln\u00fcnk kell a tov\u00e1bbi esem\u00e9nyek alakul\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny anyag a v\u00e1llalati blogunkb\u00f3l:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/botnet-spamit-cherez-routery\/\">A botnet \"spamozik\" az \u00fatv\u00e1laszt\u00f3kon kereszt\u00fcl: amit tudni \u00e9rdemes<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/ddos-i-5g-tolshhe-truba-bolshe-problem\/\">DDoS \u00e9s 5G: Vastagabb \"cs\u0151\" \u2014 t\u00f6bb probl\u00e9ma<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/firewall-ili-dpi-instrumenty-zashhity-raznogo-naznacheniya\/\">T\u0171zfal vagy DPI \u2014 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 c\u00e9l\u00fa v\u00e9delmi eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/internet-v-derevnyu-stroim-radiorelejnuyu-wi-fi-set\/\">Internet a faluba \u2013 \u00e9p\u00edt\u00fcnk egy r\u00e1di\u00f3hull\u00e1m\u00fa Wi-Fi-h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461443\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0425\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 OpenPGP, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c. \/ Unsplash \/ Chunlea Ju \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 SKS Keyserver, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 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