{"id":36635,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","slug":"utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","title":{"rendered":"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Az energetikai szektor v\u00e1llalatainak, valamint m\u00e1s ipari l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyek, amelyek fosszilis t\u00fczel\u0151anyagot \u00e9get\u0151 berendez\u00e9seket (g\u0151zkaz\u00e1nok, v\u00edzmeleg\u00edt\u0151 kaz\u00e1nok, technol\u00f3giai kemenc\u00e9k stb.) haszn\u00e1lnak, hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9nek m\u00f3djait keresve a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00e9rd\u00e9se nem els\u0151dleges.<\/p>\n<p>Ugyanakkor, a t\u00f6bb \u00e9vtizeddel ezel\u0151tt kidolgozott megl\u00e9v\u0151 sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si norm\u00e1k \u00e9s a hasonl\u00f3 berendez\u00e9sek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si mutat\u00f3i alapj\u00e1n kialakult standardok figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9vel a \u00fczemeltet\u0151 szervezetek p\u00e9nzt vesz\u00edtenek, sz\u00f3 szerint a k\u00e9m\u00e9nybe engedve, mik\u00f6zben glob\u00e1lis szinten rontj\u00e1k a k\u00f6rnyezeti helyzetet.<\/p>\n<p>Ha \u00d6n, mint a csapat &#171;,<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/1-engineer.ru\/\">Els\u0151 M\u00e9rn\u00f6k<\/a><\/noindex>&#171; \u00fagy v\u00e9li, hogy t\u00e9ves kihagyni a lehet\u0151s\u00e9get a k\u00f6rnyezet \u00e9s a v\u00e1roslak\u00f3k eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9nek v\u00e9delm\u00e9re, m\u00edg a v\u00e1llalat k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s\u00e9nek is kedvez, olvassa el a cikket arr\u00f3l, hogyan lehet a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zokat energiahordoz\u00f3v\u00e1 alak\u00edtani.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0be3b38d5840ba0d3b7d71880b2ff28e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>A szabv\u00e1nyokat tanulm\u00e1nyozva<\/h2>\n<p>\nA kaz\u00e1ng\u00e9p hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 kulcsparam\u00e9ter a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete. A t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zokkal elvesztett h\u0151 jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezi az \u00f6sszes h\u0151vesztes\u00e9gnek (a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag k\u00e9miai \u00e9s mechanikai el\u00e9get\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 h\u0151vesztes\u00e9gek, a hamu fizikai h\u0151vel kapcsolatos vesztes\u00e9gei, valamint a k\u00f6rnyezetbe t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 h\u0151sziv\u00e1rg\u00e1s vesztes\u00e9gei mellett). Ezek a vesztes\u00e9gek alapvet\u0151 hat\u00e1ssal vannak a kaz\u00e1n gazdas\u00e1gos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9re, cs\u00f6kkentve annak hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t. \u00cdgy teh\u00e1t meg\u00e9rtj\u00fck, hogy min\u00e9l alacsonyabb a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete, ann\u00e1l magasabb a kaz\u00e1n hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga.<\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00fczel\u0151anyagok \u00e9s a kaz\u00e1n munkaparam\u00e9terei eset\u00e9n a legkor\u00e1bbi tervez\u00e9si f\u00e1zisban m\u0171szaki-gazdas\u00e1gi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sok alapj\u00e1n ker\u00fcl meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sra. \u00c9ppen ez\u00e9rt a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek maxim\u00e1lisan hasznos kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa hagyom\u00e1nyosan a h\u0151\u00e1tad\u00f3 konvekt\u00edv fel\u00fcletek m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9vel, valamint a v\u00edzemezerek \u00e9s regenerat\u00edv leveg\u0151f\u0171t\u0151k el\u00e1gaz\u00f3 fel\u00fcleteinek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9rhet\u0151 el.<\/p>\n<p>De m\u00e9g a h\u0151 maxim\u00e1lis hasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lz\u00f3 technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k \u00e9s berendez\u00e9sek bevezet\u00e9se ellen\u00e9re is a hat\u00e1lyos normat\u00edv dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3 szerint a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek az al\u00e1bbi tartom\u00e1nyban kell lennie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>120-180 \u00b0C szil\u00e1rd t\u00fczel\u00e9s\u0171 kaz\u00e1nokhoz (a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag nedvess\u00e9gtartalm\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s a kaz\u00e1n munkaparam\u00e9tereit\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en),<\/li>\n<li>120-160 \u00b0C olajkaz\u00e1nokhoz (a k\u00e9ntartalm\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en),<\/li>\n<li>120-130 \u00b0C f\u00f6ldg\u00e1zos kaz\u00e1nokhoz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA megadott \u00e9rt\u00e9kek az \u00f6kol\u00f3giai biztons\u00e1gi t\u00e9nyez\u0151kkel figyelembe v\u00e9ve, de els\u0151sorban a berendez\u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9gi \u00e9s tart\u00f3ss\u00e1gi k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyei alapj\u00e1n lettek meghat\u00e1rozva.<\/p>\n<p>A minim\u00e1lis k\u00fcsz\u00f6b \u00fagy van meg\u00e1llap\u00edtva, hogy kiz\u00e1rja a kondenz\u00e1tum k\u00e9pz\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t a kaz\u00e1n konvekt\u00edv r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben \u00e9s a tov\u00e1bbi szakaszokban (a f\u00fcstcs\u00f6vekben \u00e9s a k\u00e9m\u00e9nyben). Azonban a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3 megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges lemondani az atmoszf\u00e9r\u00e1ba kibocs\u00e1tott h\u0151mennyis\u00e9gr\u0151l, ami a hasznos munkav\u00e9gz\u00e9s helyett t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c7ccb20ee5145c228f8270774363b490.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Korr\u00f3zi\u00f3. Kock\u00e1zatok kiz\u00e1r\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>\nNem vitatjuk, hogy a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3 kellemetlen jelens\u00e9g, amely vesz\u00e9lyeztetheti a kaz\u00e1n biztons\u00e1gos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s jelent\u0151sen ler\u00f6vid\u00edtheti a tervezett \u00fczemid\u0151t.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek a harmatpontig \u00e9s al\u00e1 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 leh\u0171l\u00e9sekor a v\u00edzg\u0151z kondenz\u00e1l\u00f3dik, mik\u00f6zben a NOx \u00e9s SOx vegy\u00fcletek, amelyek v\u00edzzel reag\u00e1lva savakat k\u00e9peznek, foly\u00e9kony \u00e1llapotba ker\u00fclnek, ami rombol\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal van a kaz\u00e1n bels\u0151 fel\u00fcleteire. A haszn\u00e1lt t\u00fczel\u0151anyag t\u00edpus\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en a savas harmatpont h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 lehet, ahogyan a kondenz\u00e1tumban kicsap\u00f3d\u00f3 savak \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele is. Az eredm\u00e9ny azonban mindig az \u2013 korr\u00f3zi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u00f6ldg\u00e1z \u00fczem\u0171 kaz\u00e1nok \u00e9g\u00e9sterm\u00e9kei z\u00f6m\u00e9ben a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9sterm\u00e9kekb\u0151l \u00e1llnak: v\u00edzg\u0151zb\u0151l (H2O), sz\u00e9n-dioxidb\u00f3l (CO2), sz\u00e9n-monoxidb\u00f3l (CO) \u00e9s nem el\u00e9getett sz\u00e9nhidrog\u00e9nekb\u0151l CnHm (az ut\u00f3bbi kett\u0151 akkor jelentkezik, ha a t\u00fczel\u00e9s nem megfelel\u0151en van be\u00e1ll\u00edtva).<\/p>\n<p>Mivel a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben jelent\u0151s mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 nitrog\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, az \u00e9g\u00e9sterm\u00e9kekben nitrog\u00e9n-oxidok (NO \u00e9s NO2) keletkeznek, amelyeket \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 n\u00e9ven NOx-nek h\u00edvunk, \u00e9s amelyek k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1ssal vannak a k\u00f6rnyezetre \u00e9s az emberi eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gre. A v\u00edzzel reag\u00e1lva a nitrog\u00e9n-oxidok korroz\u00edv hat\u00e1s\u00fa sal\u00e9tromsavat k\u00e9peznek.<\/p>\n<p>A neh\u00e9zolaj \u00e9s sz\u00e9n el\u00e9get\u00e9sekor a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zokban k\u00e9n-oxidok keletkeznek, amelyeket SOx-nak neveznek. Ezek k\u00f6rnyezetre gyakorolt negat\u00edv hat\u00e1sa sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben kutatott, \u00e9s nem k\u00e9ts\u00e9ges. A v\u00edzzel val\u00f3 k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1s sor\u00e1n keletkez\u0151 savas kondenz\u00e1tum k\u00e9nes korr\u00f3zi\u00f3t okoz a h\u0151felsz\u00ednekben.<\/p>\n<p>Hagyom\u00e1nyosan, a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9t, ahogyan azt fentebb bemutattuk, \u00fagy v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k meg, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00e9k a berendez\u00e9seket a savkiv\u00e1l\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeit\u0151l a kaz\u00e1n h\u0151felsz\u00ednein. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul, a g\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete biztos\u00edtania kell, hogy a NOx \u00e9s SOx kondenz\u00e1l\u00f3djon a g\u00e1ztraktuson k\u00edv\u00fcl, v\u00e9dve ezzel nemcsak a kaz\u00e1nt, hanem a f\u00fcstcs\u00f6veket is a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3s folyamatokt\u00f3l. Term\u00e9szetesen l\u00e9teznek bizonyos norm\u00e1k, amelyek korl\u00e1tozz\u00e1k a nitrog\u00e9n- \u00e9s k\u00e9n-oxidok kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak megengedett koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t, de ez nem v\u00e1ltoztat a t\u00e9nyen, hogy ezek a f\u00fcstg\u00e1z-term\u00e9kek felhalmoz\u00f3dnak a F\u00f6ld l\u00e9gk\u00f6r\u00e9ben, \u00e9s savas csapad\u00e9kk\u00e9nt hullanak a fels\u00ednre.<\/p>\n<p>A neh\u00e9zolajban \u00e9s sz\u00e9nben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 k\u00e9n, valamint az el\u00e9getlen szil\u00e1rd t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k (bele\u00e9rtve a hamut is) tov\u00e1bbi k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeket t\u00e1masztanak a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok tiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A f\u00fcstg\u00e1z-tiszt\u00edt\u00f3 rendszerek alkalmaz\u00e1sa jelent\u0151sen megdr\u00e1g\u00edtja \u00e9s bonyol\u00edtja a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151hasznos\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1t, \u00edgy ezek a tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek gazdas\u00e1gi szempontb\u00f3l vonz\u00f3tlann\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak, sok esetben pedig gyakorlatilag nem t\u00e9r\u00fclnek meg.<\/p>\n<p>Egyes esetekben a helyi hat\u00f3s\u00e1gok minim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet \u00edrnak el\u0151 a k\u00e9m\u00e9ny kimeneti f\u00fcstg\u00e1zaira, hogy biztos\u00edts\u00e1k a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok megfelel\u0151 eloszl\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s elker\u00fclj\u00e9k a f\u00fcstt\u00fczet. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl, egyes v\u00e1llalatok saj\u00e1t kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s\u00fck alapj\u00e1n alkalmazhatj\u00e1k ezt a gyakorlatot a saj\u00e1t im\u00e1zsuk jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, mivel a nagyk\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9g gyakran \u00fagy \u00e9rtelmezi a l\u00e1that\u00f3 f\u00fcstt\u00fczet, mint a k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s jele, m\u00edg a f\u00fcstt\u0171z hi\u00e1nya a tiszta gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s jelek\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9kelhet\u0151.<\/p>\n<p>Mindez oda vezet, hogy bizonyos id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a v\u00e1llalatok kifejezetten el\u0151meleg\u00edthetik a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zokat, miel\u0151tt azokat a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rbe bocs\u00e1tj\u00e1k. B\u00e1r, ha meg\u00e9rti a f\u00f6ldg\u00e1zzal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 kaz\u00e1n t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zainak \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel\u00e9t (amely r\u00e9szletesen fel van t\u00e1rgyalva fent), egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik, hogy a k\u00e9m\u00e9nyb\u0151l t\u00e1voz\u00f3 feh\u00e9r \"f\u00fcst\" (a megfelel\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9si be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sn\u00e1l) nagyr\u00e9szt v\u00edzp\u00e1ra, amely a f\u00f6ldg\u00e1z \u00e9g\u00e9si reakci\u00f3ja sor\u00e1n j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre a kaz\u00e1n \u00e9g\u0151ter\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>A korr\u00f3zi\u00f3 ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1hoz olyan anyagok alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g, amelyek ellen\u00e1llnak a negat\u00edv hat\u00e1soknak (az ilyen anyagok l\u00e9teznek, \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k olyan berendez\u00e9sekn\u00e9l, amelyekben \u00fczemanyagk\u00e9nt g\u00e1z, finom\u00edtott olajterm\u00e9kek \u00e9s ak\u00e1r hullad\u00e9kok is szerepelnek), valamint szervezni kell a savas kondenz\u00e1tum gy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00fajrahasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e1rtalmatlan\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2fd11a8e0fb31fa32efb575038855137.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Technol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n<p>\nA k\u00e9m\u00e9ny ut\u00e1n a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek komplexum\u00e1nak bevezet\u00e9se a megl\u00e9v\u0151 v\u00e1llalatn\u00e1l a kaz\u00e1nberendez\u00e9s teljes hat\u00e1sfok\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t biztos\u00edtja, amelynek r\u00e9sze maga a kaz\u00e1n (a benne termelt h\u0151).<\/p>\n<p>Ezeknek a megold\u00e1soknak a koncepci\u00f3ja l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben egy dologra reduk\u00e1l\u00f3dik: a f\u00fcstelvezet\u0151n a k\u00e9m\u00e9ny el\u0151tt h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151t szerelnek fel, amely felveszi a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9t a h\u0171t\u0151k\u00f6zeggel (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul v\u00edz). Ez a v\u00edz lehet a v\u00e9gs\u0151 h\u0151hordoz\u00f3, amelyet fel kell meleg\u00edteni, vagy egy k\u00f6zbens\u0151 k\u00f6zeg, amely m\u00e1s h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 berendez\u00e9sen kereszt\u00fcl adja \u00e1t a h\u0151t egy m\u00e1sik rendszernek.<\/p>\n<p>A probl\u00e9m\u00e1s s\u00e9ma a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8d8adf7d5b3b1d113a6d4ba35f773620.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA keletkez\u0151 kondenz\u00e1tum gy\u0171jt\u00e9se k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl az \u00faj h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 berendez\u00e9s t\u00e9rfogat\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amely korr\u00f3zi\u00f3\u00e1ll\u00f3 anyagokb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fcl. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zokban l\u00e9v\u0151 nedvess\u00e9g harmatpontj\u00e1nak h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9t a h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151n bel\u00fcl l\u00e9pik \u00e1t. \u00cdgy nemcsak a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok fizik\u00e1lis h\u0151j\u00e9t haszn\u00e1ljuk ki hasznosan, hanem a benne l\u00e9v\u0151 v\u00edzg\u0151z\u00f6k kondenz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak rejtett h\u0151j\u00e9t is. Maga a berendez\u00e9s \u00fagy legyen megtervezve, hogy konstrukci\u00f3ja ne okozzon t\u00falzott aerodinamikai ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1st, k\u00f6vetkez\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen ne rontsa a kaz\u00e1n aggreg\u00e1tum m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si felt\u00e9teleit.<\/p>\n<p>A h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 berendez\u00e9s fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se lehet vagy egy hagyom\u00e1nyos rekuperat\u00edv h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151, ahol a h\u0151\u00e1tad\u00e1s a g\u00e1zok \u00e9s a folyad\u00e9k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy elv\u00e1laszt\u00f3 falon kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, vagy egy kontakt h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151, ahol a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl \u00e9rintkeznek a v\u00edzzel, amelyet f\u00fav\u00f3k\u00e1k spriccelnek az \u00e1raml\u00e1sukba.<\/p>\n<p>A rekuperat\u00edv h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 eset\u00e9ben a savas kondenz\u00e1tum probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1nak megold\u00e1sa a gy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s semleges\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9re vonatkozik. A kontakt h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 eset\u00e9n azonban kiss\u00e9 elt\u00e9r\u0151 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st alkalmaznak, ami r\u00e9szben hasonl\u00edt a z\u00e1rtk\u00f6r\u0171 v\u00edzell\u00e1t\u00f3 rendszer id\u0151szakos f\u00favat\u00e1s\u00e1ra: ahogy a kering\u0151 folyad\u00e9k savass\u00e1ga n\u00f6vekszik, annak egy bizonyos mennyis\u00e9ge egy t\u00e1rol\u00f3tart\u00e1lyba ker\u00fcl, ahol reagensekkel kezelik, majd a v\u00edz hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa a lefoly\u00f3ba t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, vagy technol\u00f3giai ciklusba ir\u00e1ny\u00edtj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok energi\u00e1j\u00e1nak egyes alkalmaz\u00e1sai korl\u00e1tozottak lehetnek a g\u00e1zok h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete \u00e9s az energiat\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00f3 folyamat h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti ig\u00e9nye k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g miatt. Azonban ilyen, l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag zs\u00e1kutc\u00e1s helyzetekre is kidolgoztak egy megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st, amely \u00faj, min\u0151s\u00e9gi technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kra \u00e9s berendez\u00e9sekre t\u00e1maszkodik.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1nak hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a glob\u00e1lis gyakorlatban egyre gyakrabban alkalmaznak innovat\u00edv megold\u00e1sokat h\u0151szivatty\u00fakkal, mint a rendszer kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa elem\u00e9t. Egyes ipari szektorokban (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a bioenergetik\u00e1ban) ezek a megold\u00e1sok az \u00fczembe helyezett kaz\u00e1nok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00e9ben haszn\u00e1latosak. Tov\u00e1bbi els\u0151dleges energiaforr\u00e1sok megtakar\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rhet\u0151 el ebben az esetben nem hagyom\u00e1nyos g\u0151zkompresszi\u00f3s elektromos g\u00e9pek, hanem megb\u00edzhat\u00f3bb \u00e9s technol\u00f3gikusabb br\u00f3m-l\u00edtium abszorpci\u00f3s h\u0151szivatty\u00fak (ABLH) alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val, amelyek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez nem elektromos energi\u00e1ra, hanem h\u0151re van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g (ez gyakran olyan kihaszn\u00e1latlan elhanyagolt h\u0151, amely szinte b\u00e1rmely v\u00e1llalatn\u00e1l b\u0151s\u00e9gesen jelen van). Az ilyen k\u00fcls\u0151 h\u0151forr\u00e1s aktiv\u00e1lja az ABLH bels\u0151 ciklus\u00e1t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a t\u00e1voz\u00f3 g\u00e1zok rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 h\u0151potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1nak \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e1tad\u00e1s\u00e1t magasabb h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u0171 k\u00f6zegnek.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa: \u00f6kol\u00f3gia nyeres\u00e9gesen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/82daf6ec9c80cb633f21101c4471a195.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Eredm\u00e9ny<\/h2>\n<p>\nA f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0171t\u00e9se ilyen megold\u00e1sokkal el\u00e9g m\u00e9ly lehet \u2013 ak\u00e1r 30, s\u0151t, 20 \u00b0C-ra is az eredeti 120-130 \u00b0C-r\u00f3l. Az \u00edgy nyert h\u0151 elegend\u0151 ahhoz, hogy v\u00edzet meleg\u00edtsenek a vegyi v\u00edzb\u00f3v\u00edt\u00e1shoz, p\u00f3tol\u00e1shoz, meleg v\u00edzszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1shoz, s\u0151t, m\u00e9g t\u00e1vf\u0171t\u00e9shez is.<\/p>\n<p>Ennek sor\u00e1n az \u00fczemanyag-megtakar\u00edt\u00e1s el\u00e9rheti az 5-10%-ot, m\u00edg a kaz\u00e1n hat\u00e1sfok\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9se 2-3% lehet.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cdgy a le\u00edrt technol\u00f3gia bevezet\u00e9se egyszerre t\u00f6bb probl\u00e9m\u00e1t is megold.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek maxim\u00e1lis \u00e9s hasznos kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa (valamint a v\u00edzg\u0151z kondenz\u00e1ci\u00f3s rejtett h\u0151mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9nek),<\/li>\n<li>a NOx \u00e9s SOx kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rbe,<\/li>\n<li>tov\u00e1bbi er\u0151forr\u00e1s megszerz\u00e9se \u2013 megtiszt\u00edtott v\u00edz (amely hasznos alkalmaz\u00e1sra tal\u00e1lhat b\u00e1rmilyen v\u00e1llalaton bel\u00fcl, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a t\u00e1vf\u0171t\u00e9s \u00e9s m\u00e1s v\u00edz k\u00f6r\u00f6k p\u00f3tl\u00e1sak\u00e9nt),<\/li>\n<li>a f\u00fcstl\u00e1mpa megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9se (majdnem \u00e9szrevehetetlenn\u00e9 v\u00e1lik vagy teljesen elt\u0171nik).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA gyakorlat azt mutatja, hogy az ilyen megold\u00e1sok alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9sszer\u0171s\u00e9ge els\u0151sorban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kt\u0151l f\u00fcgg:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a f\u00fcstg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek hasznos \u00fajrahasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l,<\/li>\n<li>a nyert h\u0151energia egy \u00e9vben val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak id\u0151tartam\u00e1t\u00f3l,<\/li>\n<li>az energiak\u00f6lts\u00e9gekt\u0151l a v\u00e1llalaton bel\u00fcl,<\/li>\n<li>a NOx \u00e9s SOx kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1si hat\u00e1r\u00e9rt\u00e9kek t\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l (valamint a helyi k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyek szigor\u00fas\u00e1g\u00e1t\u00f3l),<\/li>\n<li>a kondenz\u00e1tum semleges\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00f3dj\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s tov\u00e1bbi felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9geit\u0151l.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/460419\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 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