{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Egy m\u00e1sik v\u00e9lem\u00e9ny a bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gr\u0151l","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nemr\u00e9g felfedeztem egy ilyen cikket: A bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g<\/a><\/noindex>. Szeretn\u00e9m megosztani a v\u00e9lem\u00e9nyemet a szabv\u00e1nyr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nOlyan parancsokat tartalmaz, amelyeket a rendszeradminisztr\u00e1torok \u00e9s a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k is haszn\u00e1lhatnak, de amelyek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek, amikor m\u00e1s f\u00e1jlrendszerek nincsenek csatlakoztatva (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egyfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3s m\u00f3dban). Tartalmazhat olyan parancsokat is, amelyeket k\u00f6zvetetten haszn\u00e1lnak a szkriptek.<\/p>\n

Olyan parancsok jelenl\u00e9te v\u00e1rhat\u00f3:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, hamis<\/b>, hosztn\u00e9v<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, A folyamatok list\u00e1j\u00e1nak megjelen\u00edt\u00e9se.<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, igaz<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Lehet szimbolikus linkeket k\u00e9sz\u00edteni a \/usr-re, de b\u00e1r a systemd idej\u00e9n a \/usr k\u00fcl\u00f6n eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n nem jellemz\u0151, m\u00e9g mindig tal\u00e1lkozhatunk vele be\u00e1gyazott rendszereken, l\u00e1mp\u00e1kban, k\u00e1v\u00e9dar\u00e1l\u00f3kban \u00e9s PDP-11-ben, amelyek egy fontos k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9ket \u00fczemeltetnek az Akad\u00e9miai Tudom\u00e1nyok laborat\u00f3rium\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nA rendszeradminisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz haszn\u00e1lt seg\u00e9dprogramok (\u00e9s m\u00e1s parancsok, amelyek csak root sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00e9rhet\u0151k el) a \/sbin mapp\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, ide tartoznak a rendszert ind\u00edt\u00f3, helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 vagy vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 bin\u00e1ris f\u00e1jlok a \/bin mellett. Azok a programok, amelyeket a \/usr csatlakoztat\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n futtatnak (amikor nincsenek probl\u00e9m\u00e1k), \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a \/usr\/sbin mapp\u00e1ba ker\u00fclnek. A helyben telep\u00edtett rendszeradminisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3s programoknak a \/usr\/local\/sbin mapp\u00e1ban kell lenni\u00fck.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1rhat\u00f3ak:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Az egyik m\u00f3dja a rendszer v\u00e9delm\u00e9nek a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k rosszindulat\u00fa kezei ellen az, hogy letiltjuk e seg\u00e9dprogramok futtat\u00e1s\u00e1t b\u00e1rki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, x attrib\u00fatum be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val.
\nEzenk\u00edv\u00fcl a \/bin \u00e9s \/sbin arch\u00edvumb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 m\u00e1solatokkal val\u00f3 helyettes\u00edt\u00e9se (amely minden azonos rendszeren azonos) gyors m\u00f3dja a rendszerek jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak csomagkezel\u0151 n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nItt minden egyszer\u0171. Az azonos parancsok, amelyek minden szerverre \/ k\u00e1v\u00e9dar\u00e1l\u00f3ra \u00e9rv\u00e9nyesek a c\u00e9gen bel\u00fcl. A \/usr \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3an is feltelep\u00edthet\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerekre (a \/bin \u00e9s \/sbin eset\u00e9ben ez \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik), ezek architektonikusan f\u00fcggetlen programok. Tartalmazhat linkeket a perl vagy python \u00e9rtelmez\u0151khez, amelyek a \/opt-ban vagy m\u00e1shol a h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nUgyanaz, mint a \/usr\/bin, de csak adminisztr\u00e1torok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nAz egyik legfontosabb helysz\u00edn. Ezzel ellent\u00e9tben a \/usr nem lehet azonos az eg\u00e9sz szervezet sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Itt tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert\u0151l \u00e9s hardvert\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151 programok, valamint olyan programok, amelyekre nem minden eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. A \/usr szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1sakor a g\u00e9peken a \/usr\/local-t ki kell z\u00e1rni.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nEz egy hasonl\u00f3 p\u00e9lda a \/usr\/local-ra, csak itt olyan programok tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, amelyek specifikusak egy adott felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3ra. Ezeket \u00e1t lehet vinni (vagy szinkroniz\u00e1lni) egy m\u00e1sik g\u00e9pre, amikor a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1tk\u00f6lt\u00f6zik. Amit nem lehet \u00e1tkonvert\u00e1lni, az a \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A local kifejez\u00e9st pont n\u00e9lk\u00fcl is haszn\u00e1lhatjuk. A \/home\/$USER\/sbin \u00e9rtelemszer\u0171en nem l\u00e9tezik.<\/p>\n

\u00d6r\u00f6mmel v\u00e1rom a javaslatokat \u00e9s kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9seket.<\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442. \/bin \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, 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