{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"A nftables 0.9.2 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Megval\u00f3sult<\/a><\/noindex> a csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 kiad\u00e1sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, amely az iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u00e9s ebtables helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re fejl\u0151dik, az IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u00e9s h\u00e1l\u00f3zati h\u00eddkapcsol\u00f3k csomagsz\u0171r\u00e9si interf\u00e9szeinek egys\u00e9ges\u00edt\u00e9se r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Az nftables csomag tartalmazza a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 komponenseket, m\u00edg a kernel szintj\u00e9n az nf_tables alrendszer biztos\u00edtja a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st, amely a Linux kernel 3.13-as kiad\u00e1sa \u00f3ta r\u00e9sze a rendszernek. Az nftables 0.9.2 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sok a Linux kernel 5.3-ba val\u00f3 beemel\u00e9se.<\/p>\n<p>A kernel szintj\u00e9n csak egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos interf\u00e9sz biztos\u00edtott, amely f\u00fcggetlen a konkr\u00e9t protokollt\u00f3l, \u00e9s alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3kat ny\u00fajt az adatok csomagokb\u00f3l val\u00f3 kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re, az adatokkal val\u00f3 m\u0171veletekre \u00e9s az \u00e1raml\u00e1s kontroll\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Maguk a sz\u0171r\u00e9si logika \u00e9s a protokoll-specifikus kezel\u0151k a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben bytek\u00f3dra fordulnak, amelyet ezut\u00e1n a Netlink interf\u00e9sz seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel bet\u00f6lt a kernelbe \u00e9s egy BPF-hez (Berkeley Packet Filters) hasonl\u00f3 speci\u00e1lis virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pen fut. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkenti a kernel szintj\u00e9n fut\u00f3 sz\u0171r\u00e9si k\u00f3d m\u00e9ret\u00e9t, mik\u00f6zben az \u00f6sszes szab\u00e1lyfeldolgoz\u00e1ssal \u00e9s protokollokkal kapcsolatos logik\u00e1t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rbe helyezi.<\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sok:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A forgalmi szint\u0171 csomag fejl\u00e9c\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 portsz\u00e1m ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl a 4. szint protokollt\u00f3l:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3elemek \u00e9lettartam\u00e1nak vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g van egyes opci\u00f3k (lsrr, rr, ssrr \u00e9s ra) ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re az IPv4 csomagokban:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si opci\u00f3k eset\u00e9n ellen\u0151rizhet\u0151k a type, ptr, length \u00e9s addr mez\u0151k:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A kifejez\u00e9sekben most m\u00e1r megengedett h\u00e1l\u00f3zati prefixek \u00e9s c\u00edmtartom\u00e1nyok megad\u00e1sa:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a l\u00e1ncok defin\u00edci\u00f3iban:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A l\u00e1nc priorit\u00e1s\u00e1nak megad\u00e1sa most m\u00e1r numerikus \u00e9s szimbolikus form\u00e1ban is t\u00f6rt\u00e9nhet:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    defini\u00e1ld a prioffset = \u00absz\u0171r\u0151 \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A synproxy modul t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa megval\u00f3s\u00edtva. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 8888-as TCP port synproxy v\u00e9delm\u00e9hez a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1lyhalmazok haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    t\u00edpus sz\u0171r\u0151 horgony prerouting priorit\u00e1s nyers; politika elfogad\u00e1sa;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            l\u00e1nc z {<br \/>\n                    t\u00edpus sz\u0171r\u0151 horgony forward priorit\u00e1s sz\u0171r\u0151; politika elfogad\u00e1sa;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct \u00e1llapot \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelen, nyomk\u00f6vetett synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 id\u0151b\u00e9lyeg sack-perm ct \u00e1llapot \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelen drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A conntrack t\u00e1bl\u00e1ban a jelenlegi kapcsolathoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbi kapcsolatok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyeket t\u00f6bb kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t ig\u00e9nyl\u0151 protokollok \u00e9s forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyvek eset\u00e9n alkalmaznak, most politik\u00e1kat lehet defini\u00e1lni a szok\u00e1sos szab\u00e1lyk\u00e9szletek \u00e1ltal. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, a TCP 8888-as portra v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbi kapcsolatok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a 5432-es portra a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1lyokat lehet megadni:\n<p>        table x {<br \/>\n                ct elv\u00e1r\u00e1s myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protokoll tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        id\u0151korl\u00e1t 1h<br \/>\n                        m\u00e9ret 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                l\u00e1nc input {<br \/>\n                        t\u00edpus sz\u0171r\u0151 horgony input priorit\u00e1s 0;<br \/>\n                        ct \u00e1llapot \u00faj tcp dport 8888 ct elv\u00e1r\u00e1s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct \u00e1llapot meger\u0151s\u00edtett, kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3 elfogad\u00e1sa<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" 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