{"id":37684,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/zachem-nuzhen-devops-i-kto-takie-devops-spetsialisty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:05","slug":"zachem-nuzhen-devops-i-kto-takie-devops-spetsialisty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zachem-nuzhen-devops-i-kto-takie-devops-spetsialisty","title":{"rendered":"Mi\u00e9rt sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a DevOps \u00e9s kik a DevOps-szak\u00e9rt\u0151k?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Amikor egy alkalmaz\u00e1s nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik, a legkev\u00e9sb\u00e9 akarjuk hallani koll\u00e9g\u00e1inkt\u00f3l azt a mondatot, hogy \u201ea probl\u00e9ma az \u00f6n oldalukon van\u201d. V\u00e9g\u00fcl a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k szenvednek \u2013 \u0151ket nem \u00e9rdekli, hogy a csapat melyik r\u00e9sze felel\u0151s a hib\u00e1\u00e9rt. A DevOps kult\u00fara \u00e9ppen az\u00e9rt alakult ki, hogy \u00f6sszek\u00f6tse a fejleszt\u00e9st \u00e9s a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st, \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6s felel\u0151ss\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1st teremtsen a v\u00e9gterm\u00e9k\u00e9rt.<\/p>\n

Milyen gyakorlatok tartoznak a DevOps fogalm\u00e1ba \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g r\u00e1juk? Mit csin\u00e1lnak a DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k, \u00e9s mire kell nekik k\u00e9pesnek lenni\u00fck? Ezekre \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekre v\u00e1laszolnak az EPAM szak\u00e9rt\u0151i: Kirill Sergejev, rendszerm\u00e9rn\u00f6k \u00e9s DevOps evang\u00e9lista, valamint Igor Bojko, vezet\u0151 rendszerm\u00e9rn\u00f6k \u00e9s az egyik DevOps csapat koordin\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n

\"Mi\u00e9rt
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Mi\u00e9rt sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a DevOps?<\/h3>\n

\nR\u00e9gen a fejleszt\u0151k \u00e9s a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s (\u00fagynevezett operations) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt volt egy akad\u00e1ly. Paradoxon, de k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 c\u00e9ljaik \u00e9s KPI-jaik voltak, b\u00e1r k\u00f6z\u00f6sen dolgoztak. A fejleszt\u00e9s c\u00e9lja az volt, hogy min\u00e9l gyorsabban megval\u00f3s\u00edts\u00e1k az \u00fczleti k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeket \u00e9s belef\u0171zz\u00e9k azokat a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 term\u00e9kbe. A t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s a stabil m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9rt felelt \u2013 \u00e9s b\u00e1rmilyen v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s vesz\u00e9lyezteti a stabilit\u00e1st. Jelen van az \u00e9rdekek konfliktusa \u2013 a DevOps az\u00e9rt j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre, hogy ezt megoldja.<\/p>\n

Mi az a DevOps?<\/h3>\n

\nA k\u00e9rd\u00e9s j\u00f3 \u2013 \u00e9s vitatott: a vil\u00e1gban m\u00e9g nem \u00e1llapodtak meg v\u00e9glegesen err\u0151l. Az EPAM szerint a DevOps mag\u00e1ban foglalja a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kat, a folyamatokat \u00e9s a csapaton bel\u00fcli egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t. Ez az egyes\u00fcl\u00e9s a v\u00e9gfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak ny\u00fajtott \u00e9rt\u00e9kek folyamatos sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul.<\/p>\n

Kirill Sergejev<\/b>: \u201eA fejleszt\u0151k k\u00f3dot \u00edrnak, a tesztel\u0151k azt ellen\u0151rzik, az adminisztr\u00e1torok pedig az v\u00e9gterm\u00e9ket telep\u00edtik a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6rnyezetbe. Hossz\u00fa ideig ezek a csapat r\u00e9szei kiss\u00e9 sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3rtan dolgoztak, majd megjelent az \u00f6tlet, hogy egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s folyamatba vonj\u00e1k \u0151ket. \u00cdgy ker\u00fcltek be a DevOps gyakorlatok.\u201d<\/p>\n

El\u00e9rkezett az a nap, amikor a fejleszt\u0151k \u00e9s a rendszerm\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k elkezdtek \u00e9rdekl\u0151dni egym\u00e1s munk\u00e1ja ir\u00e1nt. Az akad\u00e1ly a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s \u00e9s a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tt elkezdett elt\u0171nni. \u00cdgy sz\u00fcletett meg a DevOps, amely gyakorlatokat, kult\u00far\u00e1t \u00e9s a csapaton bel\u00fcli interakci\u00f3 rendj\u00e9t foglalja mag\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n

\"Mi\u00e9rt
\n<\/p>\n

Mi a DevOps kult\u00fara l\u00e9nyege?<\/h3>\n

\nA csapat minden tagj\u00e1ra h\u00e1rul a felel\u0151ss\u00e9g a v\u00e9geredm\u00e9ny\u00e9rt. A DevOps filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1j\u00e1ban a leg\u00e9rdekesebb \u00e9s legnehezebb feladat az, hogy meg\u00e9rts\u00fck: egy adott szem\u00e9ly nem csup\u00e1n a saj\u00e1t munkaf\u00e1zis\u00e1\u00e9rt felel\u0151s, hanem az\u00e9rt is, hogy a term\u00e9k eg\u00e9sz\u00e9ben hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik. A probl\u00e9ma nem egyetlen ember felel\u0151ss\u00e9ge \u2013 ez egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s teher, \u00e9s minden csapattag hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul annak megold\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n

A DevOps-kult\u00fara legfontosabb elve az, hogy a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat kell megoldani, nem csup\u00e1n DevOps-gyakorlatokat alkalmazni. S\u0151t, ezek a gyakorlatok nem \"valakinek az oldal\u00e1n\" val\u00f3sulnak meg, hanem az eg\u00e9sz term\u00e9kre vonatkoznak. A projekthez nem csup\u00e1n egy DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6kre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g \u2013 hanem egy megold\u00e1sra a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kra, \u00e9s a DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6k szerepe t\u00f6bb csapattag k\u00f6z\u00f6tt is megoszthat\u00f3, elt\u00e9r\u0151 szakter\u00fcletekkel.<\/p>\n

Milyen DevOps-gyakorlatok l\u00e9teznek?<\/h3>\n

\nA DevOps-gyakorlatok lefedik a szoftver \u00e9letciklus\u00e1nak minden szakasz\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Igor Bojko<\/b>: \"A legjobb eset az, amikor a DevOps-gyakorlatokat a projekt kezdet\u00e9n kezdj\u00fck alkalmazni. Az architekt\u00e1kkal egy\u00fctt tervezz\u00fck meg, hogy milyen architektur\u00e1lis t\u00e1ja lesz az alkalmaz\u00e1snak, hol fog elhelyezkedni \u00e9s hogyan fog sk\u00e1l\u00e1z\u00f3dni, valamint kiv\u00e1lasztjuk a platformot. Jelenleg a mikroszerv\u00edz architekt\u00fara divatos \u2013 ehhez v\u00e1lasztunk egy orketr\u00e1l\u00f3 rendszert: sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van arra, hogy minden egyes alkalmaz\u00e1s elemet k\u00fcl\u00f6n-k\u00fcl\u00f6n tudjunk kezelni \u00e9s friss\u00edteni m\u00e1sokt\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl. Egy m\u00e1sik gyakorlat az \"infrastrukt\u00fara, mint k\u00f3d\". Ezt a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st nevezz\u00fck \u00edgy, amikor a projekt infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00f3d seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel hozz\u00e1k l\u00e9tre \u00e9s kezelik, nem k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a szerverekkel val\u00f3 k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1s \u00fatj\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en \u00e1tt\u00e9r\u00fcnk a fejleszt\u00e9si f\u00e1zisra. Itt az egyik legfontosabb gyakorlat a CI\/CD ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se: seg\u00edteni kell a fejleszt\u0151knek, hogy a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat gyorsan, kis adagokban, gyakran \u00e9s f\u00e1jdalommentesen integr\u00e1lj\u00e1k a term\u00e9kbe. A CI\/CD mag\u00e1ban foglalja a k\u00f3d ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t, a mester k\u00f3d b\u00e1zisra val\u00f3 felt\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s az alkalmaz\u00e1s teszt- \u00e9s \u00e9les k\u00f6rnyezetre val\u00f3 telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A CI\/CD f\u00e1zisok sor\u00e1n a k\u00f3d a quality gates-en halad kereszt\u00fcl. Ezek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel ellen\u0151rzik, hogy a fejleszt\u0151i munkag\u00e9pr\u0151l kiker\u00fclt k\u00f3d megfeleljen a meghat\u00e1rozott min\u0151s\u00e9gi krit\u00e9riumoknak. Itt egys\u00e9g- \u00e9s UI-tesztel\u00e9s is hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dik. A term\u00e9k gyors, f\u00e1jdalommentes \u00e9s f\u00f3kusz\u00e1lt telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez v\u00e1laszthat\u00f3 a megfelel\u0151 telep\u00edt\u00e9si t\u00edpus.<\/p>\n

A DevOps practitioner has a place even at the support stage of a finished product. They are used for monitoring, feedback, security, and implementing changes. DevOps approaches all these tasks from the perspective of continuous improvement. We minimize repetitive operations and automate them. This also includes migrations, application scaling, and maintaining functionality.<\/p>\n

What are the benefits of DevOps practices?<\/h3>\n

\nIf we were to write a textbook on modern DevOps practices, its first page would list three points: automation, accelerated release, and rapid user feedback.<\/p>\n

Kirill Sergejev<\/b>: \"The first is automation. We can automate all interactions within the team: writing code \u2013 deploying \u2013 checking \u2013 installing \u2013 collecting feedback \u2013 returning to the start. All of this is automatic.<\/p>\n

The second is the acceleration of the release and even simplification of development. It is always crucial for the customer that the product reaches the market as soon as possible and begins to deliver benefits sooner than competitor analogs. The product delivery process can be continuously improved: reducing time, adding additional checkpoints, enhancing monitoring.<\/p>\n

The third is accelerating user feedback. If they have comments, we can immediately make adjustments and update the application right away.\"<\/p>\n

\"Mi\u00e9rt
\n<\/p>\n

How do the concepts of \"system engineer,\" \"build engineer,\" and \"DevOps engineer\" relate to each other?<\/h3>\n

\nThey overlap but pertain to slightly different areas.<\/p>\n

A system engineer at EPAM is a position. They can vary in levels: from junior to chief specialist.<\/p>\n

A build engineer is more of a role that can be performed on a project. This term is now used for people responsible for CI\/CD.<\/p>\n

A DevOps engineer is a specialist who implements DevOps practices on a project.<\/p>\n

To sum it all up, it turns out that a person in the position of system engineer plays the role of a build engineer on the project and is involved in implementing DevOps practices.<\/p>\n

What exactly does a DevOps engineer do?<\/h3>\n

\nA DevOps engineer brings together all the components that make up a project. They understand the specifics of the work of programmers, testers, and system administrators, and help simplify their tasks. They understand the needs and requirements of the business, its role in the development process, and build processes with the customer's interests in mind.<\/p>\n

We have talked a lot about automation \u2013 this is what DevOps engineers primarily focus on. It's a significant aspect that includes, among other things, environment setup.<\/p>\n

Kirill Sergejev<\/b>: \"Before implementing updates into a product, they need to be tested in a separate environment. This environment is prepared by DevOps engineers. They also cultivate the DevOps culture within the project as a whole: they implement DevOps practices at all layers of their projects. These three principles: automation, simplification, acceleration \u2013 they bring everywhere they can reach.\"<\/p>\n

What should a DevOps engineer know?<\/h3>\n

\nIn general, they should have knowledge from various fields: programming, working with operating systems, databases, build systems, and configurations. Additionally, they should be skilled in working with cloud infrastructure, orchestration systems, and monitoring.<\/p>\n

1. Programming Languages<\/b><\/p>\n

DevOps engineers should know several basic languages for automation and can, for example, say to a programmer: \"How about you install the code not manually, but using our script that automates everything? We will prepare a config file, it will be easy for both you and us to read \u2013 and we can change it anytime. Plus, we will see who, when, and for what purpose makes changes to it.\"<\/p>\n

A DevOps engineer can learn one or more of these languages: Python, Groovy, Bash, Powershell, Ruby, Go. In-depth knowledge is not required \u2013 understanding the basics of syntax, OOP principles, and being able to write simple automation scripts is sufficient.<\/p>\n

2. Operating Systems<\/b><\/p>\n

A DevOps engineer must understand on which server the product will be installed, in what environment it will run, and which services it will interact with. They can specialize in either the Windows or Linux family.<\/p>\n

3. Version Control Systems<\/b><\/p>\n

Without knowledge of version control systems, a DevOps engineer can go nowhere. Git is one of the most popular systems at the moment.<\/p>\n

4. Cloud Providers<\/b><\/p>\n

AWS, Google, Azure \u2013 especially when we talk about the Windows direction.<\/p>\n

Kirill Sergejev<\/b>: \u201eA felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k sz\u00e1munkra virtu\u00e1lis szervereket<\/a>, amelyek j\u00f3l illeszkednek a CI\/CD keretrendszerbe.<\/p>\n

T\u00edz fizikai szerver telep\u00edt\u00e9se<\/a> k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl sz\u00e1z manu\u00e1lis m\u0171veletet ig\u00e9nyel. Minden szervert k\u00e9zzel kell elind\u00edtani, telep\u00edteni \u00e9s a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert be\u00e1ll\u00edtani, telep\u00edteni a programunkat ezeken a t\u00edz szerveren, majd t\u00edzszer mindent ellen\u0151rizni. A felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ezt a folyamatot t\u00edz sor k\u00f3ddal helyettes\u00edtik, \u00e9s egy j\u00f3 DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6knek tudnia kell, hogyan kell kezelni \u0151ket. \u00cdgy id\u0151t, energi\u00e1t \u00e9s p\u00e9nzt takar\u00edt meg \u2013 mind a megrendel\u0151, mind a c\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.\u201d<\/p>\n

5. Orkesztr\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek: Docker \u00e9s Kubernetes<\/b><\/p>\n

Kirill Sergejev<\/b>: \u201eA virtu\u00e1lis szerverek kont\u00e9nerekre vannak felosztva, amelyekbe telep\u00edthetj\u00fck a programunkat. Amikor sok kont\u00e9ner van, sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van a kezel\u00e9s\u00fckre: egyet bekapcsolni, egy m\u00e1sikat kikapcsolni, valahol biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9st k\u00e9sz\u00edteni. Ez meglehet\u0151sen bonyolult feladat, amelyhez orkesztr\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n

Kor\u00e1bban minden alkalmaz\u00e1snak k\u00fcl\u00f6n szervere volt \u2013 b\u00e1rmilyen v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben befoly\u00e1solhatta az alkalmaz\u00e1s zavartalan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t. A kont\u00e9nereknek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en az alkalmaz\u00e1sok izol\u00e1ltak \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n futnak \u2013 mindegyik a saj\u00e1t virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9p\u00e9n. Ha hiba t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, nem kell id\u0151t vesztegetni az ok keres\u00e9s\u00e9re. Egyszer\u0171bb megsemmis\u00edteni a r\u00e9gi kont\u00e9nert \u00e9s hozz\u00e1adni egy \u00fajat.\u201d<\/p>\n

6. Konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek: Chef, Ansible, Puppet<\/b><\/p>\n

Amikor egy eg\u00e9sz szerverparkot kell kezelni, sok hasonl\u00f3 m\u0171veletet kell v\u00e9grehajtani. Ez id\u0151ig\u00e9nyes \u00e9s bonyolult, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a manu\u00e1lis munka n\u00f6veli a hib\u00e1z\u00e1s es\u00e9ly\u00e9t. Itt j\u00f6nnek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00fcl a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek. Ezek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel egy olyan scriptet k\u00e9sz\u00edthet\u00fcnk, amelyet programoz\u00f3k, DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k \u00e9s rendszeradminisztr\u00e1torok egyar\u00e1nt k\u00f6nnyen olvashatnak. Ez a script automatikusan seg\u00edt v\u00e9grehajtani az azonos m\u0171veleteket a szervereken. \u00cdgy cs\u00f6kken a manu\u00e1lis m\u0171veletek (\u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal a hib\u00e1k) sz\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n

Milyen karriert \u00e9p\u00edthet egy DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6k?<\/h3>\n

\nFejl\u0151dni lehet v\u00edzszintesen \u00e9s f\u00fcgg\u0151legesen is.<\/p>\n

Igor Bojko<\/b>: \u201eA v\u00edzszintes fejl\u0151d\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l a DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra most a legsz\u00e9lesebb lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek \u00e1llnak rendelkez\u00e9sre. Minden folyamatosan v\u00e1ltozik, \u00e9s a k\u00e9szs\u00e9geket a legk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151bb ir\u00e1nyokba lehet fejleszteni: a verzi\u00f3kezel\u0151 rendszerekt\u0151l a monitoroz\u00e1sig, a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kezel\u00e9st\u0151l az adatb\u00e1zisokig.<\/p>\n

Rendszerarchitektorr\u00e1 v\u00e1lhat, akit \u00e9rdekel, hogy hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik egy alkalmaz\u00e1s annak minden szakasz\u00e1ban \u2013 a fejleszt\u00e9st\u0151l a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sig.<\/p>\n

Hogyan v\u00e1lhatunk DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6kk\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Olvassa el a \u201ePhoenix Project\u201d \u00e9s a DevOps Handbook k\u00f6nyveket. Ezek a DevOps filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1j\u00e1nak igazi alapk\u00f6vei, az els\u0151 r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul egy sz\u00e9pirodalmi m\u0171.<\/li>\n
  2. Tanulm\u00e1nyozza a fent eml\u00edtett technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kat: egyed\u00fcl vagy online tanfolyamokon.<\/li>\n
  3. Csatlakozzon DevOps m\u00e9rn\u00f6kk\u00e9nt egy ny\u00edlt forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d\u00fa projekthez.<\/li>\n
  4. Gyakorolja \u00e9s aj\u00e1nlja a DevOps gyakorlatokat saj\u00e1t \u00e9s munkahelyi projektjein.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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