{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"Az Intel DDIO megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati t\u00e1mad\u00e1st, amely k\u00e9pes kulcslenyomatok r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re SSH munkamenetekben.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Az Amsterdam Szabadegyetem \u00e9s a Z\u00fcrichi M\u0171szaki Egyetem kutat\u00f3csoportja egy h\u00e1l\u00f3zati t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t fejlesztett ki NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (H\u00e1l\u00f3zati Cache T\u00e1mad\u00e1s), amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1ltal a SSH munkamenet alatt megnyomott billenty\u0171k t\u00e1voli meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t harmadik f\u00e9l csatorn\u00e1kon kereszt\u00fcl v\u00e9gzett adat-elemz\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val. A probl\u00e9ma csak azon szervereken jelentkezik, ahol az al\u00e1bbi technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (T\u00e1vvez\u00e9relt k\u00f6zvetlen mem\u00f3riahozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s) \u00e9s DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Adat-k\u00f6zvetlen I\/O).<\/p>\n

Intel v\u00e1llalat \u00fagy v\u00e9li<\/a><\/noindex>, ami megnehez\u00edti a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s gyakorlati megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, mivel az t\u00e1mad\u00f3nak hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9sre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge a helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz, steril k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyekre \u00e9s a hosztok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra RDMA \u00e9s DDIO technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val, amelyeket \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban elszigetelt h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokban haszn\u00e1lnak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1stechnikai klaszterekben. A probl\u00e9ma kis fok\u00fa vesz\u00e9lyt jelent (CVSS 2.6, CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) \u00e9s javaslatot kaptak a DDIO \u00e9s RDMA nem haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra olyan helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokban, ahol nem biztos\u00edtott a biztons\u00e1gi perem, \u00e9s nem megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00fcgyfelek csatlakozhatnak. A DDIO alkalmaz\u00e1sa az Intel szerverprocesszorokban 2012 \u00f3ta el\u00e9rhet\u0151 (Intel Xeon E5, E7 \u00e9s SP). Az AMD \u00e9s m\u00e1s gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k processzoraira alapozott rendszerek nem \u00e9rintettek a probl\u00e9m\u00e1ban, mivel nem t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k a h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 adatok CPU cache-ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer a «sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g« mint\u00e1j\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00fcl,Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az egyes bitek tartalm\u00e1nak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a RAM-ban h\u00e1l\u00f3zati csomagok manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val RDMA rendszerekben. Az \u00faj probl\u00e9ma a DDIO mechanizmus alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00e1l fell\u00e9p\u0151 k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye, amely k\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolatot biztos\u00edt a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rtya \u00e9s m\u00e1s perif\u00e9ri\u00e1k \u00e9s a processzor cache-e k\u00f6z\u00f6tt (a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rtya csomagjainak feldolgoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n az adatok a cache-be ker\u00fclnek \u00e9s a cache-b\u0151l nyerhet\u0151k ki, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1hoz kellene fordulni).<\/p>\n

A DDIO r\u00e9v\u00e9n a processzor cache-\u00e9be ker\u00fclnek azok az adatok is, amelyeket rosszindulat\u00fa h\u00e1l\u00f3zati aktivit\u00e1s sor\u00e1n gener\u00e1ltak. A NetCAT t\u00e1mad\u00e1s arra \u00e9p\u00edt, hogy a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rty\u00e1k akt\u00edvan gyors\u00edtj\u00e1k az adatokat, \u00e9s a mai helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok csomagfeldolgoz\u00e1si sebess\u00e9ge elegend\u0151 ahhoz, hogy befoly\u00e1solja a cache tel\u00edtetts\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s a k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek elemz\u00e9se r\u00e9v\u00e9n meghat\u00e1rozza, hogy adatok vannak-e a cache-ben vagy sem. <\/p>\n

Interakt\u00edv \u00fcl\u00e9sek haszn\u00e1latakor, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul SSH-n kereszt\u00fcl, a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati csomag k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a billenty\u0171 le\u00fct\u00e9se ut\u00e1n ker\u00fcl elk\u00fcld\u00e9sre, azaz a csomagok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek korrel\u00e1lnak a billenty\u0171le\u00fct\u00e9sek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sekkel. Statisztikai elemz\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy a billenty\u0171le\u00fct\u00e9sek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a billenty\u0171 poz\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcggnek a billenty\u0171zeten, bizonyos val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel \u00fajraalkothat\u00f3 a be\u00edrt inform\u00e1ci\u00f3. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a legt\u00f6bb ember \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban sokkal gyorsabban g\u00e9pel «s» bet\u0171t az «a» ut\u00e1n, mint «g» bet\u0171t az «s» ut\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

A processzor cache-\u00e9ben megmarad\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k szint\u00e9n lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rtya \u00e1ltal SSH kapcsolatkezel\u00e9s sor\u00e1n elk\u00fcld\u00f6tt csomagok pontos id\u0151pontj\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t. Bizonyos forgalom gener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 meghat\u00e1rozhatja, mikor jelennek meg \u00faj adatok a cache-ben, amelyek egy adott rendszerszint\u0171 aktivit\u00e1shoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak. A cache tartalm\u00e1nak elemz\u00e9s\u00e9re a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 m\u00f3dszert alkalmazz\u00e1k: Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, amely a cache referencia\u00e9rt\u00e9kekkel val\u00f3 felt\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9n alapul, \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si id\u0151 m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l a m\u00e1sodik felt\u00f6lt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n

\"Az<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Nem z\u00e1rhat\u00f3 ki a javasolt technika alkalmaz\u00e1sa nemcsak a billenty\u0171le\u00fct\u00e9sek, hanem m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa bizalmas adatok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra is, amelyek a CPU cache-\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Potenci\u00e1lisan a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s RDMA kikapcsolt \u00e1llapot\u00e1ban is v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3, de RDMA n\u00e9lk\u00fcl a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g cs\u00f6kken, \u00e9s a v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s jelent\u0151sen bonyolultabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lik. Lehets\u00e9ges a DDIO haszn\u00e1lata is rejtett kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s csatorna l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyet az adatok szerverkompromitt\u00e1l\u00e1s ut\u00e1ni tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lnak a biztons\u00e1gi rendszerek megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Vide\u00f3\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A DDIO megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa az Intel chipjeiben lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a billenty\u0171le\u00fct\u00e9sek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati t\u00e1mad\u00e1st SSH munkamenet sor\u00e1n | ProHoster","description":"Az Amsterdam Szabadegyetem \u00e9s a Z\u00fcrichi M\u0171szaki Egyetem kutat\u00f3csoportja egy h\u00e1l\u00f3zati t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t fejlesztett ki","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hu_HU","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f DDIO \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 Intel \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e 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