{"id":38615,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","slug":"assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","title":{"rendered":"Az amerikai szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3egyes\u00fcletek ellenzik a DNS-over-HTTPS bevezet\u00e9sekor a k\u00f6zpontos\u00edt\u00e1st.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kereskedelmi sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gek NCTA<\/a><\/noindex>, CTIA<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9s USTelecom<\/a><\/noindex>, amelyek az internetszolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k \u00e9rdekeit k\u00e9pviselik, fordultak<\/a><\/noindex> A Kongresszushoz azzal a k\u00e9r\u00e9ssel, hogy figyeljenek a «DNS HTTPS felett» (DoH, DNS over HTTPS) bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ra, \u00e9s k\u00e9rj\u00e9k meg a Google-t, hogy ny\u00fajtson r\u00e9szletes inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t a DoH jelenlegi \u00e9s j\u00f6v\u0151beli term\u00e9kbe val\u00f3 integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak terveir\u0151l, valamint k\u00f6telezze el mag\u00e1t arra, hogy ne vezessen be k\u00f6zpontos\u00edtott DNS-k\u00e9relmek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t a Chrome-ban \u00e9s az Androidon alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy el\u0151zetesen \u00e1tfog\u00f3 vit\u00e1t folytatn\u00e1nak az \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma t\u00f6bbi szerepl\u0151j\u00e9vel \u00e9s figyelembe venn\u00e9k a lehets\u00e9ges negat\u00edv k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeket.<\/p>\n

\u00c9rthet\u0151en, hogy a DNS forgalom titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak alkalmaz\u00e1sa \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos j\u00f3t jelent, a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gek elfogadhatatlannak tartj\u00e1k, hogy a n\u00e9v\u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1sa egy k\u00e9zbe ker\u00fclj\u00f6n, \u00e9s hogy ezt a mechanizmust alap\u00e9rtelmezettk\u00e9nt k\u00f6zpontos\u00edtott DNS-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokhoz k\u00f6ss\u00e9k. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy a Google a DoH alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak alap\u00e9rtelmezett bevezet\u00e9se fel\u00e9 halad Androidon \u00e9s Chrome-ban, ami, ha a Google szervereihez k\u00f6t\u0151dik, s\u00e9rti a DNS infrastrukt\u00fara decentraliz\u00e1lt jelleg\u00e9t \u00e9s egyetlen hibapontot teremt.<\/p>\n

Mivel a Chrome \u00e9s az Android domin\u00e1l a piacon, ha a Google r\u00e1er\u0151lteti a DoH szervereit, lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge ny\u00edlik arra, hogy ellen\u0151rizze a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k DNS lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9seinek nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t. Az infrastrukt\u00fara megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se mellett ez a l\u00e9p\u00e9s indokolatlan el\u0151nyt ad a Google-nek a versenyt\u00e1rsakkal szemben, mivel a v\u00e1llalat tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3khoz jut a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l, amelyeket felhaszn\u00e1lhat a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i aktivit\u00e1s nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s relev\u00e1ns hirdet\u00e9sek megjelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. <\/p>\n

A DoH alkalmaz\u00e1sa szint\u00e9n megzavarhatja a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st olyan ter\u00fcleteken, mint a sz\u00fcl\u0151i fel\u00fcgyeleti rendszerek, a v\u00e1llalati rendszerek bels\u0151 n\u00e9vtereihez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a tartalomterjeszt\u00e9si rendszerek optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00fatv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa, \u00e9s a jogi k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gekkel \u00f6sszhangban a t\u00f6rv\u00e9nytelen tartalom terjeszt\u00e9se \u00e9s kiskor\u00faak kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa elleni int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa. A DNS \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1st gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra olyan oldalakra, amelyek inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t k\u00f6z\u00f6lnek a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1si keret kifog\u00e1sair\u00f3l vagy a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli h\u00e1l\u00f3zatra val\u00f3 bel\u00e9p\u00e9sre.<\/p>\n

A Google v\u00e1llalat kijelentette<\/a><\/noindex>, hogy a f\u00e9lelmek alaptalanok, mivel nem tervezik alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint enged\u00e9lyezni a DoH-t a Chrome-ban \u00e9s Androidon. Tervezett<\/a><\/noindex> A Chrome 78-ban az alap\u00e9rtelmezett DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) k\u00eds\u00e9rleti enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9se csak azokat a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kat fogja c\u00e9lozni, akiknek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1saiban DNS-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k szerepelnek, akik lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a DoH alternat\u00edvak\u00e9nt val\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a hagyom\u00e1nyos DNS-el szemben. Azok, akik a helyi internetszolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott DNS-szervereket haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, tov\u00e1bbra is a rendszeres felold\u00f3n kereszt\u00fcl k\u00fcldik a DNS-k\u00e9r\u00e9seket. Vagyis a Google int\u00e9zked\u00e9se csup\u00e1n annyira korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik, hogy a jelenlegi szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s\u00e1ra cser\u00e9lje a DNS-t a biztons\u00e1gos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si m\u00f3dra val\u00f3 \u00e1tt\u00e9r\u00e9shez. A Firefox eset\u00e9ben is tervezik a DoH k\u00eds\u00e9rleti enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\u00e9t, de a Google-lal ellent\u00e9tben a Mozilla sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kozik<\/a><\/noindex> haszn\u00e1lni<\/a><\/noindex> alap\u00e9rtelmezett DNS-szerverk\u00e9nt a CloudFlare-t haszn\u00e1lja. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s m\u00e1r kritik\u00e1kat v\u00e1ltott ki , mivel a replica kifejez\u00e9s jobban vonatkozik az adatb\u00e1zis-kezel\u00e9sre, \u00e9s torz\u00edtja a jelent\u00e9st a hangrendszer kontextus\u00e1ban. V\u00e9g\u00fcl az \u00faj kifejez\u00e9s a<\/a><\/noindex> az OpenBSD projekt r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/p>\n

Eml\u00e9keztet\u00fcnk arra, hogy a DoH hasznos lehet a DNS-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k \u00e1ltal k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekkel kapcsolatos adatok kisziv\u00e1rg\u00e1s\u00e1nak megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban, a MITM t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokkal \u00e9s a DNS-forgalom manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val szembeni v\u00e9dekez\u00e9shez (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul nyilv\u00e1nos Wi-Fi csatlakoz\u00e1skor), a DNS szint\u0171 blokkol\u00e1sokkal szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1sra (a DoH nem tudja helyettes\u00edteni a VPN-t a DPI szinten bevezetett blokkol\u00e1sok megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9ben) vagy a DNS-szerverek k\u00f6zvetlen el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehetetlens\u00e9ge eset\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul proxy haszn\u00e1latakor). <\/p>\n

Ha a megszokott k\u00f6rnyezetben a DNS-k\u00e9r\u00e9sek k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a rendszer konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ban megadott DNS-szerverekre ker\u00fclnek, akkor a DoH eset\u00e9ben a gazdag\u00e9p IP-c\u00edm\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00e9r\u00e9s HTTPS forgalomba van burkolva, \u00e9s egy HTTP-szerverre ker\u00fcl, ahol a felold\u00f3 a Web API-n kereszt\u00fcl kezeli a k\u00e9r\u00e9seket. A megl\u00e9v\u0151 DNSSEC szabv\u00e1ny csak a kliens \u00e9s a szerver hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1l titkos\u00edt\u00e1st, azonban nem v\u00e9di a forgalmat a lehallgat\u00e1st\u00f3l \u00e9s nem garant\u00e1lja a k\u00e9r\u00e9sek titkoss\u00e1g\u00e1t. Jelenleg k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 30 nyilv\u00e1nos DNS-szerver<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00e1mogatja a DoH-t.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 NCTA, CTIA \u0438 USTelecom, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c «DNS \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 HTTPS» (DoH, DNS over HTTPS) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443 Google \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3inak sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gei ellenzik a DNS-over-HTTPS bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6zpontos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t | ProHoster","description":"Az NCTA kereskedelmi 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