{"id":38636,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","slug":"reliz-subd-postgresql-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12","title":{"rendered":"A PostgreSQL 12 adatb\u00e1zis-kezel\u0151 rendszer kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Egy \u00e9v fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/about\/news\/1976\/\">kiad\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt<\/a><\/noindex> az \u00faj stabil PostgreSQL 12 adatb\u00e1zis-kezel\u0151 rendszer \u00e1gnak. Friss\u00edt\u00e9sek az \u00faj \u00e1ghoz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/support\/versioning\/\">fognak megjelenni<\/a><\/noindex> \u00f6t \u00e9vig, 2024 november\u00e9ig. <\/p>\n<p>F\u0151 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/static\/release-12.html\">\u00fajdons\u00e1gok<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/ddl-generated-columns.html\">gener\u00e1lt oszlopokhoz<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, amelyek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke m\u00e1s oszlopok \u00e9rt\u00e9keivel meghat\u00e1rozott kifejez\u00e9s alapj\u00e1n ker\u00fcl kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sra ugyanabban a t\u00e1bl\u00e1ban (hasonl\u00f3 a n\u00e9zetekhez, de k\u00fcl\u00f6n oszlopok eset\u00e9n). A gener\u00e1lt oszlopok k\u00e9t t\u00edpusa lehet &#8212; t\u00e1rolt \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis. Az el\u0151bbi eset\u00e9ben az \u00e9rt\u00e9k a adatok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa vagy m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n ker\u00fcl kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sra, m\u00edg az ut\u00f3bbin\u00e1l minden olvas\u00e1skor a t\u00f6bbi oszlop aktu\u00e1lis \u00e1llapota alapj\u00e1n. Jelenleg a PostgreSQL csak a t\u00e1rolt gener\u00e1lt oszlopokat t\u00e1mogatja;\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt JSON-dokumentumokb\u00f3l adatlek\u00e9rdez\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH\">Path-kifejez\u00e9sekkel<\/a><\/noindex>, amelyek hasonl\u00edtanak <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XPath\">XPath<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9s a SQL\/JSON szabv\u00e1nyban defini\u00e1lva vannak. Az ilyen kifejez\u00e9sek hat\u00e9konyabb feldolgoz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, JSONB form\u00e1tumban t\u00e1rolt dokumentumokhoz, a megl\u00e9v\u0151 indexel\u00e9si mechanizmusokat alkalmazz\u00e1k;\n<li class=\"l\"> Alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint enged\u00e9lyezve van a JIT (Just-in-Time) ford\u00edt\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lata az LLVM technol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1n alapulva, hogy felgyors\u00edtsa egyes kifejez\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t az SQL lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9sek feldolgoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a JIT alkalmazhat\u00f3 a &#171;WHERE&#187; blokkokban, a kimeneti list\u00e1kban (target lists), aggreg\u00e1l\u00f3 kifejez\u00e9sekben \u00e9s egyes bels\u0151 m\u0171veletek sor\u00e1n;\n<li class=\"l\"> Jelent\u0151sen megn\u00f6vekedett az indexel\u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye. A B-f\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 indexek optimaliz\u00e1lva lettek a gyakori indexm\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok felt\u00e9telei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt &#8212; a TPC-C tesztek sor\u00e1n \u00f6sszesen 40%-os teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyn\u00f6veked\u00e9st \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkentett lemezter\u00fclet-fogyaszt\u00e1st figyeltek meg. Cs\u00f6kkentett\u00e9k a WAL (write-ahead log) gener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket a GiST, GIN \u00e9s SP-GiST indext\u00edpusok eset\u00e9n. A GiST eset\u00e9ben hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a bor\u00edt\u00f3 indexek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t (INCLUDE kifejez\u00e9ssel), amely kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 oszlopokat tartalmaz. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-createstatistics.html\">CREATE STATISTICS<\/a><\/noindex> m\u0171veletben t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre a legtipikusabb \u00e9rt\u00e9kek statisztik\u00e1ja (MCV) ir\u00e1nt, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a nem egyenletesen eloszl\u00f3 oszlopokn\u00e1l a hat\u00e9konyabb lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9si tervek gener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> A part\u00edcion\u00e1l\u00e1s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa optimaliz\u00e1lva lett azok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9sek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek t\u00f6bb ezer szekci\u00f3t \u00e9rintenek, de korl\u00e1tozott adathalmazok kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtanak. N\u00f6velt\u00e9k az indexelt t\u00e1bl\u00e1kba val\u00f3 adatok bevitel\u00e9nek teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t az INSERT \u00e9s COPY m\u0171veletek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, valamint biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k az \u00faj szekci\u00f3k hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t &#171;ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION&#187; seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel \u00fagy, hogy ne blokkolja a lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezett\u00e9k a gener\u00e1lt t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatos kifejez\u00e9sek automatikus inline-kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/queries-with.html\">Common Table Expression<\/a><\/noindex>, CTE), amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik az ideiglenes, elnevezett eredm\u00e9nyhalmazok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a WITH utas\u00edt\u00e1ssal. Az inline-kib\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s jav\u00edtja a legt\u00f6bb lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t, de egyel\u0151re csak nem rekurz\u00edv CTE-kn\u00e9l alkalmazhat\u00f3;\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00e1mogat\u00e1s ker\u00fclt hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/collation.html#COLLATION-NONDETERMINISTIC\">nem determinisztikus<\/a><\/noindex> a &#171;Collation&#187; lokaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s tulajdons\u00e1gait, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a karakterek jelent\u00e9se alapj\u00e1n a rendez\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek megad\u00e1s\u00e1t (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a sz\u00e1m\u00e9rt\u00e9kek rendez\u00e9se k\u00f6zben figyelembe veszik a m\u00ednusz \u00e9s a tizedesjel jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t a sz\u00e1m el\u0151tt \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dokat, m\u00edg az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n nem veszik figyelembe a karakterek kis- \u00e9s nagybet\u0171it, valamint a hangs\u00falyjel megl\u00e9t\u00e9t);\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezett\u00e9k az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l t\u00f6bbl\u00e9pcs\u0151s azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely sor\u00e1n a pg_hba.conf f\u00e1jlban az SSL tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny (clientcert=verify-full) alap\u00fa azonos\u00edt\u00e1st kombin\u00e1lni lehet egy tov\u00e1bbi azonos\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerrel, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul scram-sha-256;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezett\u00e9k a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s csatorna titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t az <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/gssapi-auth.html\">GSSAPI<\/a><\/noindex>azonos\u00edt\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl, mind az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l, mind a szerver oldal\u00e1n;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva az LDAP-szerverek nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sainak &#171;DNS SRV&#187; alap\u00fa meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amennyiben a PostgreSQL OpenLDAP-dal lett \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtva;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY\">REINDEX CONCURRENTLY<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb az indexek \u00fajra\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00edr\u00e1si m\u0171veletek z\u00e1rol\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezett\u00e9k a parancsot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/app-pgchecksums.html\">pg_checksums<\/a><\/noindex>, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a m\u00e1r l\u00e9tez\u0151 adatb\u00e1zis sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a lapok adatellen\u0151rz\u0151 \u00f6sszegeinek bekapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s kikapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1t (ez a m\u0171velet kor\u00e1bban csak az adatb\u00e1zis inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n volt t\u00e1mogathat\u00f3);\n<li class=\"l\"> Biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k az CREATE INDEX, REINDEX, CLUSTER, VACUUM FULL \u00e9s pg_checksums m\u0171veletek el\u0151rehalad\u00e1si mutat\u00f3j\u00e1nak megjelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva parancs \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/tableam.html\">CREATE ACCESS METHOD<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb \u00faj t\u00e1rol\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek kezel\u0151inek csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyek optimaliz\u00e1lva vannak k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 speci\u00e1lis feladatokhoz. Jelenleg az egyetlen be\u00e9p\u00edtett m\u00f3dszer a t\u00e1bl\u00e1k el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re a \u201eheap\u201d;\n<li class=\"l\"> A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jl recovery.conf egyes\u00fclt a postgresql.conf f\u00e1jllal. A helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e1llapotba val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenet jelz\u0151jek\u00e9nt mostant\u00f3l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY\">kell<\/a><\/noindex> a recovery.signal \u00e9s a standby.signal f\u00e1jlokat haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51604\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 &#171;\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432&#171;, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 (\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432). \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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