{"id":38928,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","slug":"komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","title":{"rendered":"cp csapat: a f\u00e1jlokkal rendelkez\u0151 mapp\u00e1k helyes m\u00e1sol\u00e1sa *nix-en","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"cp csapat: a f\u00e1jlokkal rendelkez\u0151 mapp\u00e1k helyes m\u00e1sol\u00e1sa *nix-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/44fed4a64417950ae1f2307d2c9c92ca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEbben a cikkben n\u00e9h\u00e1ny nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3 dolgot t\u00e1rgyalunk a wildcards haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val kapcsolatban. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0\">wildcards<\/a><\/noindex> a m\u00e1sol\u00e1s sor\u00e1n fell\u00e9p\u0151 k\u00e9t\u00e9rtelm\u0171 viselked\u00e9sekr\u0151l, valamint olyan m\u00f3dszerekr\u0151l, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy helyesen m\u00e1soljunk be nagy mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00e1jlt, kihagy\u00e1sok \u00e9s hib\u00e1k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. <code>cp<\/code> Tegy\u00fck fel, hogy mindent \u00e1t szeretn\u00e9nk m\u00e1solni a \/source k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rb\u00f3l a \/target k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba.<\/p>\n<p>Els\u0151re az jut esz\u00fcnkbe, hogy:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\ncp \/source\/* \/target<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Azonnal jav\u00edtsuk ki ezt a parancsot:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\ncp -a \/source\/* \/target<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ez hozz\u00e1adja az \u00f6sszes attrib\u00fatum, jog m\u00e1sol\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s rekursz\u00edv m\u00e1sol\u00e1st is v\u00e9gez. Amennyiben nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a jogok pontos m\u00e1sol\u00e1sa, elegend\u0151 a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 opci\u00f3.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKulcs <code>-a<\/code> M\u00e1sol\u00e1s ut\u00e1n \u00e9szrevessz\u00fck, hogy nem minden f\u00e1jl m\u00e1sol\u00f3dott \u00e1t \u2014 figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyt\u00e1k a ponttal kezd\u0151d\u0151 f\u00e1jlokat, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: <code>-r<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00e9s hasonl\u00f3kat.<\/p>\n<p><code>.profil<br \/>\n.helyi<br \/>\n.mc<\/code><br \/>\nMi\u00e9rt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt ez?<\/p>\n<p>Az\u00e9rt, mert a wildcards-t a shell kezel (<\/p>\n<p>tipikus esetben). Alap\u00e9rtelmezetten a bash figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyja az \u00f6sszes f\u00e1jlt, amely ponttal kezd\u0151dik, mivel ezeket rejtettnek tekinti. Az ilyen viselked\u00e9s elker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9hez m\u00f3dos\u00edtanunk kell a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st,<code>bash<\/code> a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel: <code>bash<\/code> shopt -s dotglob<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy ez a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n is megmaradjon, k\u00e9sz\u00edthet\u00fcnk egy wildcard.sh f\u00e1jlt ezzel a parancssal az al\u00e1bbi k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n(lehet, hogy a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3d m\u00e1s k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3). <code>\/etc\/profile.d<\/code> Ha a forr\u00e1sk\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban nincsenek f\u00e1jlok, akkor a shell nem tud semmit helyettes\u00edteni a csillaggal, \u00e9s a m\u00e1sol\u00e1s hib\u00e1val z\u00e1rul. Az ilyen helyzetek ellen ott van a<\/p>\n<p>failglob <code>nullglob<\/code> \u00e9s <code>. Hazaj\u00e1rul fel kell \u00e1ll\u00edtanunk<\/code>, amely megakad\u00e1lyozza a parancs v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t. <code>nullglob<\/code>nem megfelel\u0151, mivel a wildcards n\u00e9lk\u00fcli, nem tal\u00e1latot ad\u00f3 sort \u00fcres (nulla hossz\u00fas\u00e1g\u00fa) sztringg\u00e9 alak\u00edtja, ami <code>. Hazaj\u00e1rul fel kell \u00e1ll\u00edtanunk<\/code> hib\u00e1t fog okozni. <code>cp<\/code> Ha azonban a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban t\u00f6bb ezer f\u00e1jl tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, \u00e9rdemes teljesen lemondani a wildcards haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l. Az a helyzet, hogy<\/p>\n<p>a wildcards-t nagyon hossz\u00fa parancssorozatra bontja, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: <code>bash<\/code> cp -a \/source\/a \/source\/b \/source\/c \u2026\u2026 \/target<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">A parancssor hossz\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa van, amelyr\u0151l a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 paranccsal t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3dhatunk:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMegkapjuk a parancssor maxim\u00e1lis hossz\u00e1t byte-ban:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">getconf ARG_MAX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVagy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">2097152<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nxargs --show-limits<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Kapunk valami ilyesmit:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026.\nMaximum length of command we could actually use: 2089314\n\u2026.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Teh\u00e1t pr\u00f3b\u00e1ljuk meg teljesen elker\u00fclni a wildcards haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEgyszer\u0171en \u00edrjuk be:<\/p>\n<p>cp -a \/source \/target<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u00c9s itt tal\u00e1lkozunk a viselked\u00e9s k\u00e9t\u00e9rtelm\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHa a \/target k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r nem l\u00e9tezik, akkor megkapjuk, amit akartunk. <code>cp<\/code>Ha azonban a target k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r l\u00e9tezik, a f\u00e1jlok a \/target\/source k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba lesznek m\u00e1solva.<\/p>\n<p>Ha azonban a c\u00e9lmappa l\u00e9tezik, akkor a f\u00e1jlok a \/target\/source mapp\u00e1ba lesznek m\u00e1solva.<\/p>\n<p>Nem mindig tudjuk el\u0151re t\u00f6r\u00f6lni a \/target mapp\u00e1t, mivel fontos f\u00e1jlok lehetnek benne, \u00e9s a c\u00e9lunk p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az, hogy kieg\u00e9sz\u00edts\u00fck a \/target f\u00e1jlokat a \/source f\u00e1jljaival.<\/p>\n<p>Ha a forr\u00e1s- \u00e9s c\u00e9lmapp\u00e1k azonos nev\u0171ek lenn\u00e9nek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a \/source-b\u00f3l a \/home\/source-ba m\u00e1soln\u00e1nk, akkor a parancs a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 lenne:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cp -a \/source \/home<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nM\u00e1sol\u00e1s ut\u00e1n a f\u00e1jlok a \/home\/source mapp\u00e1ban kieg\u00e9sz\u00edtve a \/source f\u00e1jljaival tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00cdme egy logikai feladat: kieg\u00e9sz\u00edthetj\u00fck a f\u00e1jlokat a c\u00e9lmapp\u00e1ban, ha a mapp\u00e1k azonos nev\u0171ek, de ha k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6znek, akkor a forr\u00e1smappa beleker\u00fcl a c\u00e9lmapp\u00e1ba. Hogyan m\u00e1solhatjuk a f\u00e1jlokat a \/source-b\u00f3l a \/target-ba cp haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val wildcardok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nEzt a k\u00e1ros korl\u00e1toz\u00e1st egy nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3 megold\u00e1ssal ker\u00fclhetj\u00fck el:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cp -a \/source\/. \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAki j\u00f3l ismeri a DOS-t \u00e9s a Linuxot, m\u00e1r mindent meg\u00e9rtett: minden mapp\u00e1ban k\u00e9t l\u00e1thatatlan mappa tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, a &#171;.&#187; \u00e9s a &#171;..&#187;, amelyek a jelenlegi \u00e9s a sz\u00fcl\u0151 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rakra mutat\u00f3 hivatkoz\u00e1sk\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dnek.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1sol\u00e1skor <code>cp<\/code> ellen\u0151rzi a \/target\/ l\u00e9tez\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lja l\u00e9trehozni azt.<\/li>\n<li>Ilyen mappa l\u00e9tezik, \u00e9s ez a \/target<\/li>\n<li>A f\u00e1jlok a \/source-b\u00f3l helyesen lettek \u00e1tm\u00e1solva a \/target-ba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTeh\u00e1t emelj\u00fck ki a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1nkban vagy a falon:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cp -a \/source\/. \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nEnnek a parancsnak a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171. Minden hiba n\u00e9lk\u00fcl fog m\u0171k\u00f6dni, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy egymilli\u00f3 f\u00e1jlunk van, vagy egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nincs.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sek<\/h3>\n<p>\nHa sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, hogy m\u00e1soljuk <b>mindent<\/b> a f\u00e1jlokat az egyik mapp\u00e1b\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikba, ne haszn\u00e1ljunk wildcardokat, helyett\u00fck jobban haszn\u00e1ljuk <code>cp<\/code> a forr\u00e1smappa v\u00e9g\u00e9n egy pontot. Ez minden f\u00e1jlt, bele\u00e9rtve a rejtett f\u00e1jlokat is m\u00e1solni fog, \u00e9s nem fog \u00f6sszeomlani, ha egymilli\u00f3 f\u00e1jl van, vagy teljesen hi\u00e1nyoznak a f\u00e1jlok.<\/p>\n<h4>Ut\u00f3sz\u00f3<\/h4>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/vmspike\/\" class=\"user_link\">vmspike<\/a><\/noindex> aj\u00e1nlott egy hasonl\u00f3 eredm\u00e9ny\u0171 parancsot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cp -a -T \/source \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/oz_alex\/\" class=\"user_link\">Oz_Alex<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cp -aT \/source \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nFIGYELEM: a bet\u0171k nagybet\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge van. Ha \u00f6sszekevered, teljes z\u0171rzavart kapsz: a m\u00e1sol\u00e1s ir\u00e1nya meg fog v\u00e1ltozni. <code>T<\/code> A nagybet\u0171s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d fontos. Ha elcser\u00e9li, akkor teljes k\u00e1oszt kap: a m\u00e1sol\u00e1s ir\u00e1nya megv\u00e1ltozik.<br \/>\nK\u00f6sz\u00f6netnyilv\u00e1n\u00edt\u00e1s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A c\u00e9gnek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/\">RUVDS.COM<\/a><\/noindex> a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e9rt \u00e9s a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9rt, hogy a blogomban publik\u00e1lhassak a Habr-on.<\/li>\n<li>A k\u00e9pt\u0151l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/neoprosveschenie\">TripletConcept<\/a><\/noindex>. A k\u00e9p nagyon nagy \u00e9s r\u00e9szletes, egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n ablakban nyithat\u00f3 meg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>P.S.<\/b> A megjegyzett hib\u00e1kat k\u00e9rlek priv\u00e1t \u00fczenetben k\u00fcldj\u00e9tek el. Ezzel n\u00f6velem a karm\u00e1mat.<\/p>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"cp csapat: a f\u00e1jlokkal rendelkez\u0151 mapp\u00e1k helyes m\u00e1sol\u00e1sa *nix-en\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/67131836f7fb6cf7827541e9dc607513.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/471092\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c wildcards \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b cp \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \/source \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 \/target. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e: cp \/source\/* \/target \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c 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