{"id":39479,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","slug":"5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","title":{"rendered":"5 m\u00f3d a Raspberry Pi hasznos felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hell\u00f3 Habr.<\/p>\n

A Raspberry Pi is likely found in almost every household, and I can assume that for many it is lying unused. However, Raspberry is not just a valuable piece of hardware, but also a quite powerful fanless computer running Linux. Today we will explore useful capabilities of Raspberry Pi, for which you won\u2019t need to write any code at all.
\n\"5
\nFor those who are interested, the details are below. This article is aimed at beginners.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nMegjegyz\u00e9s<\/i>: the article is designed for beginners but with at least a basic understanding of what an IP address is, how to access Raspberry Pi via SSH using Putty or any other terminal, and how to edit files with the nano editor. This time I will not overload readers with Python code; there will be no programming at all. For everything written below, only the command line is necessary. I will gauge how in demand this format is based on the text ratings.<\/p>\n

Of course, I will not cover completely obvious things like FTP servers or network shares. Below, I've tried to highlight something that is somewhat useful and original.<\/p>\n

Before we install anything, an important tip<\/b>: using the correct power supply (preferably a branded one with 2.5A, rather than a noname phone charger) and a heatsink for the processor are crucial for the stable operation of Raspberry Pi. Without this, Raspberry may freeze, file copying errors may occur, etc. The insidiousness of such errors is that they manifest only occasionally, such as during peak CPU load or when writing large files to the SD card.<\/p>\n

Before installing any components, it is advisable to update the system, as old addresses for the apt command may not work:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNow we can proceed to the installation and setup.<\/p>\n
1. WiFi Access Point<\/h2>\n
\nThe Raspberry Pi can easily be turned into a wireless access point, and there is no need to buy anything extra as WiFi is already built-in. To do this, you need to install 2 components: hostapd (Host Access Point Daemon, access point service) and dnsmasq (DNS\/DHCP server).<\/p>\n
We install dnsmasq and hostapd:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nWe set a static IP address that Raspberry Pi will have in the WiFi network. To do this, we need to edit the dhcpcd.conf file by entering the command sudo nano \/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/i>. You need to add the following lines to the file:<\/p>\n
interface wlan0\n  static ip_address=198.51.100.100\/24\n  nohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAhogy l\u00e1that\u00f3, a WiFi-h\u00e1l\u00f3zatban a Raspberry Pi-nek 198.51.100.100 c\u00edme lesz (ezt fontos megjegyezni, ha valamilyen szerver fut rajta, amelynek c\u00edm\u00e9t be kell \u00edrni a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151be).<\/p>\n
Ezut\u00e1n aktiv\u00e1lnunk kell az IP-tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1st, ehhez a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancsot kell v\u00e9grehajtani: sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/i> \u00e9s elt\u00e1vol\u00edtjuk a megjegyz\u00e9st a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sorb\u00f3l: net.ipv4.ip_forward=1<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Most be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtanunk a DHCP-szervert \u2014 ez fogja kiosztani az IP-c\u00edmeket a csatlakoz\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6knek. \u00cdrjuk be a parancsot: sudo nano \/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/i> \u00e9s hozz\u00e1adjuk a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sorokat:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAhogy l\u00e1that\u00f3, a csatlakoz\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k IP-c\u00edme a 198.51.100.1 \u00e9s 198.51.100.99 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti tartom\u00e1nyba fog esni.<\/p>\n
V\u00e9g\u00fcl elj\u00f6tt az id\u0151, hogy be\u00e1ll\u00edtsuk a Wi-Fi-t. Szerkessz\u00fck a f\u00e1jlt: \/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/i> \u00e9s \u00edrjuk be a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sort: DAEMON_CONF=\u00bb\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf\u00ab<\/i>. Most szerkessz\u00fck a hostapd.conf f\u00e1jlt a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs be\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1val: sudo nano \/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>.
\n\u00cdrjuk be a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pont param\u00e9tereit:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndriver=nl80211\nssid=Raspberry Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=7\nwmm_enabled=0\nmacaddr_acl=0\nauth_algs=1\nignore_broadcast_ssid=0\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=12345678\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nItt fontos figyelni a \"ssid\" (a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pont neve), a \"wpa_passphrase\" (jelsz\u00f3), a \"channel\" (csatornasz\u00e1m) \u00e9s a \"hw_mode\" (m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si m\u00f3d, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz) param\u00e9terekre. Sajnos automatikus csatornavezet\u00e9s nincs, \u00edgy a legkev\u00e9sb\u00e9 foglalt WiFi-csatorn\u00e1t nek\u00fcnk kell kiv\u00e1lasztanunk.<\/p>\n
Fontos<\/b>: ebben a tesztp\u00e9ld\u00e1ban a jelsz\u00f3 12345678, val\u00f3di hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pont eset\u00e9ben \u00e9rdemes valami bonyolultabbat haszn\u00e1lni. Vannak olyan programok, amelyek sz\u00f3t\u00e1ralap\u00fa jelsz\u00f3t\u00f6r\u00e9seket hajtanak v\u00e9gre, \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pontot egyszer\u0171 jelsz\u00f3val meg lehet hackelni. Nos, az internet megoszt\u00e1sa m\u00e1sokkal a mai t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyek alapj\u00e1n kock\u00e1zatos lehet.<\/p>\n
Minden k\u00e9sz, aktiv\u00e1lhatjuk az \u00f6sszes szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st. <\/p>\n
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd\nsudo systemctl start hostapd\nsudo systemctl reload dnsmasq<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMost m\u00e1r l\u00e1tnunk kell az \u00faj WiFi-hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pontot a h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok list\u00e1j\u00e1n. De ahhoz, hogy internet is legyen benne, aktiv\u00e1lni kell a csomagok tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t az Ethernetb\u0151l a WLAN-ba, ehhez a parancsot kell be\u00edrnunk: sudo nano \/etc\/rc.local<\/i> \u00e9s hozz\u00e1adjuk az iptables be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si sort:<\/p>\n
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMost pedig minden k\u00e9sz. Ind\u00edtsuk \u00fajra a Raspberry Pi-t, \u00e9s ha mindent helyesen \u00e1ll\u00edtottunk be, l\u00e1tni fogjuk a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pontot \u00e9s csatlakozni tudunk hozz\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nAhogy l\u00e1that\u00f3, a sebess\u00e9g nem olyan rossz, \u00e9s ezt a WiFi-t eg\u00e9sz j\u00f3l lehet haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n
Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt egy kis tip<\/b>: a Raspberry Pi h\u00e1l\u00f3zati nev\u00e9t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 paranccsal lehet megv\u00e1ltoztatni: sudo raspi-config<\/i>. Alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint ez (meglepet\u00e9s:) raspberrypi. Ezt val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg sokan tudj\u00e1k. De nem mindenki tudja, hogy ez a n\u00e9v a helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton is el\u00e9rhet\u0151, de hozz\u00e1 kell adni a \u00ab.local\u00bb kiterjeszt\u00e9st. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul SSH-n kereszt\u00fcl a Raspberry Pi-re \u00fagy lehet bel\u00e9pni, hogy be\u00edrja a parancsot putty pi@raspberrypi.local<\/i>. Itt azonban van egy kis \u00e1rnyalat: ez Windows \u00e9s Linux alatt m\u0171k\u00f6dik, de Androidon nem \u2014 ott tov\u00e1bbra is k\u00e9zzel kell be\u00edrni az IP-c\u00edmet.<\/p>\n
2. M\u00e9dia szerver<\/h2>\n
\n1001 m\u00f3dja l\u00e9tezik annak, hogy m\u00e9dia szervert k\u00e9sz\u00edts\u00fcnk a Raspberry Pi-n, \u00e9n csak a legegyszer\u0171bbet fogom bemutatni. Tegy\u00fck fel, hogy van egy kedvenc MP3-f\u00e1jl gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00fcnk, \u00e9s azt szeretn\u00e9nk, ha el\u00e9rhet\u0151 lenne a helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton az \u00f6sszes m\u00e9diaeszk\u00f6z sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A Raspberry Pi-re MiniDLNA szervert telep\u00edt\u00fcnk, amely ezt elv\u00e9gzi helyett\u00fcnk. <\/p>\n
A telep\u00edt\u00e9shez be\u00edrjuk a parancsot sudo apt-get install minidlna<\/i>. Ezut\u00e1n be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtani a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t, be\u00edrva a parancsot sudo nano \/etc\/minidlna.conf<\/i>. Itt csak egy sort kell hozz\u00e1adni, amely megadja a f\u00e1jljaink el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00fatj\u00e1t: media_dir=\/home\/pi\/MP3<\/i> (az \u00fat term\u00e9szetesen lehet m\u00e1s). A f\u00e1jl bez\u00e1r\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n \u00fajraind\u00edtjuk a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart minidlna<\/i><\/p>\n
Ha mindent j\u00f3l csin\u00e1ltunk, akkor k\u00e9sz m\u00e9dia szervert kapunk a helyi h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton, ahonnan zen\u00e9t lehet lej\u00e1tszani asztali WiFi r\u00e1di\u00f3n vagy Androidon VLC-Playeren kereszt\u00fcl:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nTipp<\/b>: f\u00e1jlokat nagyon egyszer\u0171en t\u00f6lthet\u00fcnk fel a Raspberry Pi-re a WinSCP seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel \u2014 ez a program lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a RPi mapp\u00e1ival olyan k\u00f6nnyen dolgozzunk, mint a helyi f\u00e1jlokkal.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n<\/p>\n
3. SDR vev\u0151<\/h2>\n
\nHa van RTL-SDR vagy SDRPlay vev\u0151nk, azt a Raspberry Pi-n haszn\u00e1lhatjuk a GQRX vagy CubicSDR program seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ez lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi egy \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e9s csendes SDR-vev\u0151 l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely ak\u00e1r \u00e9jjel-nappal is m\u0171k\u00f6dhet.<\/p>\n
Eln\u00e9z\u00e9st a t\u00e9v\u00e9 k\u00e9perny\u0151j\u00e9r\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt k\u00e9perny\u0151fot\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9\u00e9rt:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nAz RTL-SDR vagy SDRPlay seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e1di\u00f3jelek foghat\u00f3ak ak\u00e1r 1 GHz-es frekvenci\u00e1ig (s\u0151t, egy kicsivel magasabbig is). P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul nemcsak a hagyom\u00e1nyos FM r\u00e1di\u00f3t hallgathatjuk, hanem pil\u00f3t\u00e1k vagy m\u00e1s szolg\u00e1latok besz\u00e9lget\u00e9seit is. Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt a r\u00e1di\u00f3amat\u0151r\u00f6k a Raspberry Pi seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00e9pesek lehetnek fogni, dek\u00f3dolni \u00e9s jeleket k\u00fcldeni a szerverre WSPR \u00e9s m\u00e1s digit\u00e1lis \u00fczemm\u00f3dok<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
A SDR r\u00e1di\u00f3 r\u00e9szletez\u00e9se t\u00fall\u00e9p a cikk keretein, ezt r\u00e9szletesebben el lehet olvasni itt<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
4. Szerver az \u201eokos otthonhoz\u201d<\/h2>\n
\nAki szeretn\u00e9 otthon\u00e1t 'okosabb\u00e1' tenni, haszn\u00e1lhatja az ingyenes OpenHAB programot. <\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nEz nem csup\u00e1n egy program, hanem egy teljes keretrendszer, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9nyekkel, szkriptekkel rendelkezik, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k (Z-Wave, Philips Hue stb.) kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t. Az \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u0151k r\u00e9szletesebben is felfedezhetik a hivatalos weboldalon. https:\/\/www.openhab.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt, ha m\u00e1r sz\u00f3ba ker\u00fclt az \u201eokos otthon\u201d, a Raspberry Pi-n t\u00f6k\u00e9letesen m\u0171k\u00f6dhet MQTT-szerver, amelyet helyi eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k haszn\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n
5. Kliense a FlightRadar24-nek<\/h2>\n
\nHa a rep\u00fcl\u00e9s szerelmese vagy, \u00e9s olyan ter\u00fcleten \u00e9lsz, ahol a FlightRadar lefedetts\u00e9ge nem a legjobb, seg\u00edtheted a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9get \u00e9s az utaz\u00f3kat, ha vev\u0151egys\u00e9get telep\u00edtesz otthonodban. Ehhez elegend\u0151 egy RTL-SDR vev\u0151 \u00e9s egy Raspberry Pi. B\u00f3nuszk\u00e9nt ingyenes hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st kapsz a FlightRadar24 Pro-fi\u00f3khoz.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nR\u00e9szletes \u00fatmutat\u00f3 m\u00e1r k\u00f6zz\u00e9t\u00e9telre ker\u00fclt<\/a><\/noindex> a Habr-n\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1r\u00e1s<\/h2>\n
\nTerm\u00e9szetesen itt messze nincs minden felsorolva. A Raspberry Pi tisztess\u00e9ges sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nnyel rendelkezik, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 feladatra haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3, a retro j\u00e1t\u00e9k konzolt\u00f3l vagy vide\u00f3 megfigyel\u00e9st\u0151l kezdve, az aut\u00f3s rendsz\u00e1mok felismer\u00e9s\u00e9n \u00e1t eg\u00e9szen csillag\u00e1szati szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sk\u00e9nt. all-sky kamer\u00e1k<\/a><\/noindex> a meteorok megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9re. <\/p>\n
Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt, amit \u00edrtam, nemcsak a Raspberry Pi-ra \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes, hanem k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \"kl\u00f3nokra\" is (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi stb.), a programok val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg ott is m\u0171k\u00f6dni fognak.<\/p>\n
Ha a k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9get \u00e9rdekli (amit a cikkre adott \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9sek mutatnak), tov\u00e1bb folytathatjuk a t\u00e9m\u00e1t. <\/p>\n
\u00c9s mint mindig, mindenkinek sikeres k\u00eds\u00e9rletez\u00e9st k\u00edv\u00e1nok.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. Raspberry Pi \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0410 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c Raspberry \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 fanless-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441 Linux. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Raspberry Pi, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd475 hasznos felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si m\u00f3d a Raspberry Pi-hoz | ProHoster","description":"Hell\u00f3 Habr. A Raspberry Pi val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg szinte mindenkinek otthon van, \u00e9s merem felt\u00e9telezni, hogy sokaknak csak porosodik. 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