{"id":52139,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","title":{"rendered":"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>2019 augusztus\u00e1ban Oroszorsz\u00e1gban el\u0151sz\u00f6r a vil\u00e1gon (igen, ez igaz) kereskedelmi projektet hajtottak v\u00e9gre vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli tartal\u00e9kopti\u0301kai k\u00e1belre, 40 Gbit\/s kapacit\u00e1ssal. Az \u201eEgys\u00e9g\u201d oper\u00e1tor, a Norilsk Nickel le\u00e1nyv\u00e1llalata, seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel egy 11 kilom\u00e9teres vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli tartal\u00e9kot hozott l\u00e9tre az Enisey f\u00f6l\u00f6tt. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/954e0d901d0ab0651bb3b8860820669f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nId\u0151nk\u00e9nt a sajt\u00f3ban, \u00edgy a Habr-on is megjelennek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">bejegyz\u00e9sek a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 vil\u00e1grekordjair\u00f3l<\/a><\/noindex>. Ezek technol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l \u00e9rdekesek, de mindig kutat\u00e1si tesztekr\u0151l van sz\u00f3. Itt viszont egy val\u00f3s kereskedelmi projektr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, \u00e9s nem a Szil\u00edcium-v\u00f6lgy vagy egy eur\u00f3pai egyetem k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, hanem k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a tajg\u00e1ban, a sarkk\u00f6r\u00f6n. Meglep\u0151 m\u00f3don \u00e9ppen a hatalmas orsz\u00e1g, a bonyolult f\u00f6ldrajzi \u00e9s \u00e9ghajlati viszonyok teremtik meg a felt\u00e9teleket olyan projektek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek fel\u00fclm\u00falj\u00e1k a legjobb kutat\u00f3 laborat\u00f3riumokat.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A legut\u00f3bbi vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s rekordok id\u0151rendje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>2013 m\u00e1jus<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-05-gbits-ghz-world-wireless-transmission.html\">40 Gbit\/s 1 km-en<\/a><\/noindex> egy k\u00eds\u00e9rleti 240 GHz-es frekvenci\u00e1n, a Karlsruhe M\u0171szaki Egyetem, a Radiometer Physics GmbH \u00e9s a Fraunhofer Alkalmazott Fizikai Int\u00e9zet k\u00f6z\u00f6s k\u00eds\u00e9rlete. A jel frekvenci\u00e1ja kereskedelmi haszn\u00e1latra nem el\u00e9rhet\u0151.<\/li>\n<li><b>2016 m\u00e1jus<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">6 Gbit\/s 37 km-en<\/a><\/noindex> a 70\/80 GHz-es s\u00e1vban, ugyanaz a csapat, de egy \u00faj k\u00eds\u00e9rlet kereskedelmi projektekhez kijel\u00f6lt frekvenci\u00e1kon.<\/li>\n<li><b>2016 november<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/\">20 Gbit\/s 13 km-en<\/a><\/noindex>, Facebook Connectivity Lab kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpontja,<\/li>\n<li><b>2019 janu\u00e1r<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/press-releases\/2019\/1\/deutsche-telekom-and-ericsson-achieve-fiber-like-results-with-wireless-backhaul\">40 Gbit\/s 1,4 km-en<\/a><\/noindex>, a Deutsche Telekom tesztp\u00e1ly\u00e1ja sorozati Ericsson berendez\u00e9seken, 2019 m\u00e1jus\u00e1ban a m\u00e1r ugyanezen p\u00e1ly\u00e1n, 8 p\u00e1rhuzamos vonalon m\u00e1r k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 100 Gbit\/s tettek lehet\u0151v\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><b>2019 augusztus<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2019\/08\/21\/wireless\/\">40 Gbit\/s 11 km-en<\/a><\/noindex>, Norilsk oper\u00e1tor \u201eEgys\u00e9g\u201d sorozati berendez\u00e9sekkel (Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nVal\u00f3j\u00e1ban nem lett volna semmilyen rekord a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3ban a sarkk\u00f6r\u00f6n bel\u00fcl, ha nem lett volna a j\u00e9gzajl\u00e1s az Enisein. A projekt h\u00e1ttere a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151: 2017-ben, miut\u00e1n a h\u00e1rom nagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 lemondott a Tajmyr ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 infrastrukt\u00fara fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l, a PJSC \"GMK Norilsk Nickel\" saj\u00e1t k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u00e9n egy hatalmas, 956 km hossz\u00fa optikai sz\u00e1las h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot \u00e9p\u00edtett \u00daj Urengyj \u00e9s Norilsk k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, 40 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel. Ez egy nagyon bonyolult nyomvonal, amely nehezen megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151 ter\u00fcleteken halad, \u00e9s az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151k korm\u00e1nyzati d\u00edjakat kaptak ez\u00e9rt a munk\u00e1\u00e9rt.<\/p>\n<p>A fennmarad\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepel, hogy a 40 gigabites VOLS k\u00e1belt az Enisei t\u00faloldal\u00e1n, hidak hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban, a foly\u00f3 fenek\u00e9n kellett elvezetni, s\u0151t a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben t\u00f6bb k\u00e1belt is lefektettek. De a j\u00e9gzajl\u00e1s k\u00f6nnyen k\u00e1ros\u00edthatja az optik\u00e1t. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl, a j\u00e9gzajl\u00e1s az Enisein nem egy napos esem\u00e9ny, \u00e9s semmilyen v\u00edzi jav\u00edt\u00e1st nem lehet v\u00e9gezni ezen id\u0151 alatt az emberek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra jelentett magas kock\u00e1zat miatt. <\/p>\n<p>Az Enisei alj\u00e1n l\u00e9v\u0151 tov\u00e1bbi k\u00e1belek mellett a nyomvonalat 1 Gbit\/s kapacit\u00e1s\u00fa vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli mikrohull\u00e1m\u00fa csatorn\u00e1val is biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k a foly\u00f3 mindk\u00e9t oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 telekommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s tornyok r\u00e9v\u00e9n, Igark\u00e1ban \u00e9s Priluki telep\u00fcl\u00e9sen (ez a r\u00e1di\u00f3csatorna l\u00e1that\u00f3 a fels\u0151 k\u00e9pen - a nagy t\u00e1l). De mit jelent a 1 Gbit\/s Norilsk ipari ter\u00fclet\u00e9nek teljes kiszolg\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz az optika s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9se eset\u00e9n ... - k\u00f6nnyeim. Ez\u00e9rt 2018-2019 \u0151szi-t\u00e9li id\u0151szakban a Norilszki \"Egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\" szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3, amely a PJSC \"GMK Norilsk Nickel\" strukt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1ba tartozik, projektmunk\u00e1latokat ind\u00edtott egy vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli csatorna \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re az Enisein, amelynek kapacit\u00e1sa nem marad el a VOLS aut\u00f3p\u00e1ly\u00e1\u00e9t\u00f3l. <\/p>\n<p>A szakemberek meglepet\u00e9s\u00e9re a \u201eEgyes\u00fcl\u00e9s\u201d senkit\u0151l sem kapott aj\u00e1nlatot a 40 gigabites vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli csatorna 11 km-es t\u00e1vols\u00e1gra t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 berendez\u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ennek okai a csatorna magas kapacit\u00e1sa \u00e9s t\u00e1vols\u00e1ga k\u00f6z\u00f6tti bonyolult kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3val kapcsolatosak. A modern sorozatgy\u00e1rt\u00e1s\u00fa eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k, amelyek 10 Gbit\/s-n\u00e1l vagy ann\u00e1l nagyobb kapacit\u00e1ssal rendelkeznek a 70\/80 GHz-es tartom\u00e1nyban, olyan saj\u00e1toss\u00e1gokkal b\u00edrnak, mint a nagyon korl\u00e1tozott t\u00e1vols\u00e1g. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert a neh\u00e9z k\u00f3dol\u00e1si s\u00e9m\u00e1k, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a QAM128 vagy QAM256 \u2014 melyek egyed\u00fcl k\u00e9pesek 10 Gbit\/s-n\u00e1l nagyobb \u00e1tviteli sebess\u00e9get biztos\u00edtani \u2014 nehezen tudj\u00e1k biztos\u00edtani a jelent\u0151s ad\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt. A 3-5 km-es t\u00e1vols\u00e1gok k\u00f6nnyen el\u00e9rhet\u0151k, de 11 km-en a jel csillap\u00edt\u00e1sa t\u00fal nagy \u00e9s semmilyen 10GE szabv\u00e1ny\u00fa kapcsolat nem \u00e9rhet\u0151 el. <\/p>\n<p>A feladatot egy orosz fejleszt\u0151, Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1rr\u00f3l \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/dokltd.ru\/\">a DOK c\u00e9g<\/a><\/noindex>. M\u00e1r l\u00e9tezett olyan fejleszt\u00e9s\u00fck, amely r\u00e1di\u00f3s hidakat biztos\u00edtott a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges t\u00e1vols\u00e1g el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re. A projekt el\u0151tt 40 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 csatorn\u00e1t teszteltek 4 p\u00e1rhuzamosan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151, 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3s h\u00edd form\u00e1j\u00e1ban a saj\u00e1t 4 km-es p\u00e1ly\u00e1jukon, \u00e9s biztosak voltak benne, hogy ilyen kapacit\u00e1st meg lehet val\u00f3s\u00edtani. De a gyakorlatban soha senki az telekommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s iparban nem pr\u00f3b\u00e1lta meg egyes\u00edteni 4 p\u00e1rhuzamosan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151, 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3s hidat 11 km-es t\u00e1vols\u00e1gra. <\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/10bbb57f000d215286e2172169977f33.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMiut\u00e1n a vil\u00e1gm\u00e1rk\u00e1kt\u00f3l elutas\u00edt\u00e1st kaptak, a megrendel\u0151, az \u201eEgyes\u00fcl\u00e9s\u201d Kft. sem volt biztos abban, hogy a hazai berendez\u00e9sek megbirk\u00f3znak a projekttel. Ez\u00e9rt \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6ttek, hogy kezdetben egyetlen 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3s hidat helyeznek \u00fczembe 11 km-en. Ha ez j\u00f3l teljes\u00edt, akkor a feladatot 4 p\u00e1rhuzamosan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 r\u00e1di\u00e9st\u00e1vcsekkel b\u0151v\u00edtik. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/8d572ba46bf36102132fc8eab4500803.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/66cf9992fddb577bfb58436196b372e9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da5e4d133a67bca0b57b7c9acdb39438.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Technikai szempontb\u00f3l nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges 40 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9get \u00e1tadni egy csatorn\u00e1n, sem leveg\u0151n, sem optikai k\u00e1bel \u00fatj\u00e1n. Sokkal egyszer\u0171bb adatokat p\u00e1rhuzamos \u201esz\u00e1lakon\u201d 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9ggel tov\u00e1bb\u00edtani. A 10GE szabv\u00e1ny\u00fa h\u00e1l\u00f3zati berendez\u00e9sek olcs\u00f3bbak \u00e9s el\u00e9rhet\u0151bbek, mint a 40GE szabv\u00e1ny\u00fa kapcsol\u00f3k. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a p\u00e1rhuzamos \u201esz\u00e1lak\u201d nagyobb megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1got biztos\u00edtanak az eg\u00e9sz csatorn\u00e1nak. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nDe probl\u00e9m\u00e1t jelentett, hogy m\u00edg az optikai k\u00e1belekben a p\u00e1rhuzamos sz\u00e1lakon terjed\u0151 jel nem befoly\u00e1solja egym\u00e1st, a r\u00e1di\u00f3csatorn\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s zavarok l\u00e9pnek fel, ami ak\u00e1r a kapcsolat teljes megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9hez is vezethet. Ezt k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 polariz\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerekkel \u00e9s frekvencia eloszt\u00e1ssal kezelik. De ezt k\u00f6nnyebb mondani, mint megval\u00f3s\u00edtani a \u201evasban\u201d. A p\u00e9terv\u00e1riak nagy MicroWave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6ket terveztek gallium-arzenid alapokon, \u00e9s biztosak voltak \u00e1ramk\u00f6r-tervez\u00e9si megold\u00e1sukban.<\/p>\n<p>A modern 10GE szabv\u00e1ny\u00fa r\u00e1di\u00f3hidakat a vil\u00e1g minden t\u00e1j\u00e1n v\u00e1s\u00e1rolt mikroszk\u00f3pikus \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6kre gy\u00e1rtj\u00e1k. Ez a ter\u00fclet nem hat\u00e9kony, ha vertik\u00e1lisan integr\u00e1lt fejleszt\u00e9st folytatnak, amikor minden technol\u00f3giai folyamatot egy c\u00e9g v\u00e9gez a mikroszk\u00f3pikus chipek bevon\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l a komponensek \u00f6sszeszerel\u00e9s\u00e9ig. Ez k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl olyan, mint ahogyan sok c\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes alaplapokat k\u00e9sz\u00edt Intel \u00e9s AMD chipek alapj\u00e1n. Azonban a PC-k t\u00f6meges alaplapjaihoz k\u00e9pest a mikroszk\u00f3pikus chipek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, a jel er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s az antenna fel\u00e9 val\u00f3 tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges szaktud\u00e1s sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, \u00e9s ez val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a c\u00e9gek szellemi term\u00e9ke, amit Valery Salomatin, a DOC LLC projektmenedzsere, megjegyzett.<\/p>\n<p>A PPC-10G-E-HP modell\u0171, 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3h\u00edd sikeresen m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt az Enisei partjain tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 tornyokon p\u00e1r h\u00f3napig (2019 m\u00e1jus-j\u00fanius). A ny\u00e1ri es\u0151z\u00e9sek a legnehezebb id\u0151szak a millim\u00e9teres hull\u00e1m\u00fa r\u00e1di\u00f3kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, mivel a v\u00edzcseppek \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3k a hull\u00e1mhosszal (k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 4 mm), ami jelgyeng\u00fcl\u00e9st okoz. T\u00e9len ilyen probl\u00e9ma nincs, mivel a h\u00f3pelyhek, ak\u00e1rcsak a k\u00f6d \u00e9s a f\u00fcst, r\u00e1di\u00f3 \u00c1tl\u00e1that\u00f3ak a 70\/80 GHz frekvenci\u00e1j\u00fa vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9da8e10aab4d2e6c173fbc1b4986c0bc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vil\u00e1grekord dr\u00f3tn\u00e9lk\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel: 40 Gbit\/s 11 kilom\u00e9teren\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9cda146d363d534a1b93551a500a4fab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nA DOC LLC 10 Gbit\/s sebess\u00e9g\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3hidja sikeresen megbirk\u00f3zott az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si viszonyokkal \u00e9s a t\u00e1vols\u00e1ggal, majd a vonal el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9gi statisztik\u00e1i alapj\u00e1n az Egyes\u00edtett \u00fczemeltet\u0151 d\u00f6nt\u00e9st hozott n\u00e9gy p\u00e1rhuzamos, 10GE kapacit\u00e1s\u00fa vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli csatorna b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l. 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