{"id":52210,"date":"2019-11-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:53","slug":"v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","title":{"rendered":"Az OpenSSH t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st ny\u00fajt az univerz\u00e1lis k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Az OpenSSH k\u00f3dalapj\u00e1ba hozz\u00e1adva lett<\/a><\/noindex> k\u00eds\u00e9rleti t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s a k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez, az azt t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val, amelyek a protokollt alkalmazz\u00e1k. U2F<\/a><\/noindex>, a FIDO<\/a><\/noindex>sz\u00f6vets\u00e9g \u00e1ltal kifejlesztett. Az U2F lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy olcs\u00f3 hardvertokeneket hozzunk l\u00e9tre a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 fizikai jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9nek meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, amelyek USB, Bluetooth vagy NFC interf\u00e9szen kereszt\u00fcl kommunik\u00e1lnak. Ezeket az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket a k\u00e9tfaktoros hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si megold\u00e1sok r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00edtik, a f\u0151bb b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151k m\u00e1r t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k \u0151ket, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Yubico, Feitian, Thetis \u00e9s Kensington k\u00edn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Az OpenSSH \u00faj kulcst\u00edpus\u00e1nak, az \u201esk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com\u201d (\u201eecdsa-sk\u201d) k\u00e9sz\u00fclt a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i jelenl\u00e9tet meger\u0151s\u00edt\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3hoz, amely az ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1si algoritmust haszn\u00e1lja, az NIST P-256 elliptikus g\u00f6rb\u00e9vel \u00e9s a SHA-256 hash algoritmussal. Az tokenekkel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3s elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokat egy k\u00f6ztes k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba helyezt\u00e9k, amelyet a PKCS#11 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an t\u00f6ltenek be, \u00e9s a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r k\u00f6r\u00e9 \u00e1ll\u00edtanak. libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, amely eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket biztos\u00edt USB-n kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz (t\u00e1mogatja a FIDO U2F\/CTAP 1 \u00e9s FIDO 2.0\/CTAP 2 protokollokat). Az OpenSSH fejleszt\u0151i \u00e1ltal k\u00e9sz\u00edtett libsk-libfido2 k\u00f6ztes k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r bekapcsolva<\/a><\/noindex> a libfido2 f\u0151 \u00f6sszetev\u0151je, ak\u00e1rcsak a HID-illeszt\u0151program<\/a><\/noindex> az OpenBSD-hez.<\/p>\n

Az U2F aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz friss v\u00e1g\u00e1st lehet haszn\u00e1lni a k\u00f3dalapb\u00f3l repository<\/a><\/noindex> az OpenSSH-b\u00f3l \u00e9s a HEAD \u00e1gb\u00f3l a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rhoz, libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, amely m\u00e1r tartalmazza az OpenSSH-hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges r\u00e9teget.
\nA Libfido2 t\u00e1mogatja az OpenBSD, Linux, macOS \u00e9s Windows rendszerek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/p>\n

A hiteles\u00edt\u00e9shez \u00e9s a kulcsgener\u00e1l\u00e1shoz be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtani az SSH_SK_PROVIDER k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3t, amelyben meg kell adni a libsk-libfido2.so el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00fatj\u00e1t (export SSH_SK_PROVIDER=\/path\/to\/libsk-libfido2.so), vagy a SecurityKeyProvider be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl defini\u00e1lni a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat, majd futtatni a \u201essh-keygen -t ecdsa-sk\u201d parancsot, vagy ha a kulcsok m\u00e1r l\u00e9tre lettek hozva \u00e9s be lettek \u00e1ll\u00edtva, csatlakozni a szerverhez a \u201essh\u201d parancs haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val. Az ssh-keygen v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sakor a l\u00e9trehozott kulcsp\u00e1r az \u201e~\/ .ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk\u201d alatt lesz mentve, \u00e9s m\u00e1s kulcsokkal hasonl\u00f3an haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3. <\/p>\n

A nyilv\u00e1nos kulcsot (id_ecdsa_sk.pub) a szerverre kell m\u00e1solni az authorized_keys f\u00e1jlba. A szerveren csak a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re ker\u00fcl sor, m\u00edg az tokenekkel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3 a kliens oldal\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik (a szerverre nincs sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a libsk-libfido2 telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, de a szervernek t\u00e1mogatnia kell az \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d kulcst\u00edpust). A gener\u00e1lt priv\u00e1t kulcs (id_ecdsa_sk) l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben a kulcs le\u00edr\u00f3ja, amely csak a titkos sorrenddel egy\u00fctt k\u00e9pezi a val\u00f3s kulcsot, amely a U2F token oldal\u00e1n t\u00e1rol\u00f3dik.<\/p>\n

Ha az id_ecdsa_sk kulcs t\u00e1mad\u00f3 kez\u00e9be ker\u00fcl, az authentik\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge lesz egy hardver tokenre is, k\u00fcl\u00f6nben az id_ecdsa_sk f\u00e1jlban t\u00e1rolt priv\u00e1t kulcs haszontalan. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl, alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint b\u00e1rmilyen kulccsal kapcsolatos m\u0171velet (legyen az gener\u00e1l\u00e1s vagy authentik\u00e1ci\u00f3) helyi meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyel a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 fizikai jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9nek igazol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a token \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151j\u00e9nek meg\u00e9rint\u00e9s\u00e9vel, ami megnehez\u00edti a t\u00e1voli t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t a csatlakoztatott tokennel rendelkez\u0151 rendszerek ellen. Tov\u00e1bbi v\u00e9delmi l\u00e9p\u00e9sk\u00e9nt az ssh-keygen ind\u00edt\u00e1sakor jelsz\u00f3t is megadhatunk a kulcsf\u00e1jlhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9shez. <\/p>\n

A U2F kulcs hozz\u00e1adhat\u00f3 az ssh-agenthez az \u201essh-add ~\/ .ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk\u201d paranccsal, de az ssh-agentnek t\u00e1mogatnia kell az \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d kulcsokat, sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, hogy legyen libsk-libfido2 r\u00e9teg, \u00e9s az \u00fcgyn\u00f6knek azon a rendszeren kell futnia, amelyhez a token csatlakozik.
\nAz \u00faj \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d kulcst\u00edpust az\u00e9rt vezett\u00e9k be, mert az OpenSSH ecdsa-kulcsainak form\u00e1tuma k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u00f6tt az ECDSA digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok U2F form\u00e1tum\u00e1t\u00f3l, mivel tov\u00e1bbi mez\u0151ket tartalmaz.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b U2F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c FIDO. U2F \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 USB, Bluetooth \u0438\u043b\u0438 NFC. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 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