{"id":54431,"date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-25T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kak-kafka-stala-bylyu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:26","slug":"kak-kafka-stala-bylyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-kafka-stala-bylyu","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan v\u00e1lt Kafka val\u00f3s\u00e1gg\u00e1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan v\u00e1lt Kafka val\u00f3s\u00e1gg\u00e1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e61bf54b10e4e44a5c680185b0c16655.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hell\u00f3, Habr!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Tinkoff csapat\u00e1ban dolgozom, amely a saj\u00e1t \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontunk fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel foglalkozik. Legt\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r Java-n dolgozom a Spring Boot haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le technikai probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat oldok meg a projekt sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mikroszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1saink t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge aszinkron m\u00f3don kommunik\u00e1l egym\u00e1ssal \u00fczenetk\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151n kereszt\u00fcl. Kor\u00e1bban az IBM MQ-t haszn\u00e1ltuk, amely m\u00e1r nem volt k\u00e9pes kezelni a terhel\u00e9st, de magas szint\u0171 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si garanci\u00e1kkal rendelkezett.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Helyette az Apache Kafka lett javasolva, amely magas sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3s\u00e1got k\u00edn\u00e1l, de sajnos szinte egyedi konfigur\u00e1l\u00e1st ig\u00e9nyel a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyvekhez. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl a Kafka alap\u00e9rtelmezett at least once delivery mechanizmusa nem tette lehet\u0151v\u00e9 a k\u00edv\u00e1nt szint\u0171 konzisztencia fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1t. A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kben megosztom tapasztalatainkat Kafka konfigur\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val kapcsolatban, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen azt, hogyan \u00e1ll\u00edtsuk be \u00e9s \u00e9lj\u00fcnk az exactly once delivery mechanizmussal.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"garantirovannaya-dostavka-i-ne-tolko\">Garant\u00e1lt sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s m\u00e9g sok m\u00e1s<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 param\u00e9terek seg\u00edtenek megakad\u00e1lyozni a probl\u00e9m\u00e1k egy sor\u00e1t, amely a default csatlakoz\u00e1si be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokkal kapcsolatos. De el\u0151sz\u00f6r szeretn\u00e9k egy param\u00e9terre f\u00f3kusz\u00e1lni, amely megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a lehets\u00e9ges hibakeres\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ebben seg\u00edt <strong>client.id<\/strong> a Producer \u00e9s Consumer eset\u00e9ben. Els\u0151 pillant\u00e1sra az alkalmaz\u00e1s neve haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9kk\u00e9nt, \u00e9s a legt\u00f6bb esetben ez m\u0171k\u00f6dni fog. Azonban ha az alkalmaz\u00e1sban t\u00f6bb Consumer is van \u00e9s azonos client.id-t adunk meg nekik, akkor a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 figyelmeztet\u00e9shez vezet:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">org.apache.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser \u2014 Hiba az AppInfo mbean regisztr\u00e1l\u00e1sakor javax.management.InstanceAlreadyExistsException: kafka.consumer:type=app-info,id=kafka.test-0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ha JMX-et szeretne haszn\u00e1lni a Kafka alkalmaz\u00e1sban, ez probl\u00e9m\u00e1t jelenthet. Ebben az esetben a legjobb, ha a client.id \u00e9rt\u00e9kek\u00e9nt az alkalmaz\u00e1s neve \u00e9s p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a t\u00e9ma neve kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lja. A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s eredm\u00e9ny\u00fcnket meg lehet n\u00e9zni a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs kimenet\u00e9ben: <strong>kafka-consumer-groups<\/strong> a Confluent eszk\u00f6zeib\u0151l:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hogyan v\u00e1lt Kafka val\u00f3s\u00e1gg\u00e1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f807a93f36f262522a613161a549eb91.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Most vizsg\u00e1ljuk meg a garant\u00e1lt \u00fczenetsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv\u00e9t. A Kafka Producernek van egy <strong>acks<\/strong>param\u00e9tere, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy be\u00e1ll\u00edtsa, h\u00e1ny elismer\u00e9s ut\u00e1n kell a klaszter vezet\u0151j\u00e9nek sikeresen r\u00f6gz\u00edtenie az \u00fczenetet. Ez a param\u00e9ter a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9rt\u00e9keket vehet fel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0 \u2014 az elismer\u00e9sek nem sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak.<\/li>\n<li>1 \u2014 az alap\u00e9rtelmezett param\u00e9ter, amelyhez csak 1 replik\u00e1t\u00f3l sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges az acknowledge.<\/li>\n<li>\u22121 \u2014 az \u00f6sszes szinkroniz\u00e1lt replik\u00e1t\u00f3l sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges az acknowledge (klaszterbe\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s). <strong>min.insync.replicas<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A felsorolt \u00e9rt\u00e9kekb\u0151l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a \u22121 \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 acks a legnagyobb garanci\u00e1t adja arra, hogy az \u00fczenet ne vesszen el. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ahogy mindannyian tudjuk, a terjesztett rendszerek megb\u00edzhatatlanok. Az ideiglenes hib\u00e1k elleni v\u00e9delem \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a Kafka Producer biztos\u00edtja a <strong>retries<\/strong>param\u00e9tert, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az \u00fajrak\u00fcld\u00e9si k\u00eds\u00e9rletek sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak megad\u00e1s\u00e1t a <strong>delivery.timeout.ms<\/strong>keret\u00e9n bel\u00fcl. Mivel a retries param\u00e9ter alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e9rt\u00e9ke Integer.MAX_VALUE (2147483647), az \u00fczenet \u00fajrak\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00e1t csak a delivery.timeout.ms megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val lehet szab\u00e1lyozni.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dvizhemsya-k-exactly-once-delivery\">Az exactly once delivery fel\u00e9 haladunk.<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A felsorolt be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy Producer\u00fcnk nagy megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1ggal sz\u00e1ll\u00edtsa az \u00fczeneteket. Most besz\u00e9lj\u00fcnk arr\u00f3l, hogyan lehet garant\u00e1lni, hogy egy \u00fczenet csak egyszer ker\u00fclj\u00f6n r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9sre a Kafka-topikban. A legegyszer\u0171bb esetben a Producernek be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtani az <strong>enable.idempotence<\/strong> param\u00e9tert true \u00e9rt\u00e9kre. Az idempotencia azt garant\u00e1lja, hogy egy \u00fczenet csak egyszer ker\u00fclj\u00f6n r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9sre egy topik egy adott part\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1ban. Az idempotencia enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek el\u0151felt\u00e9telei a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k: <strong>acks = all, retry &gt; 0, max.in.flight.requests.per.connection \u2264 5.<\/strong>Ha ezek a param\u00e9terek nincsenek megadva a fejleszt\u0151 \u00e1ltal, automatikusan az el\u0151bb eml\u00edtett \u00e9rt\u00e9kek lesznek be\u00e1ll\u00edtva.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Amikor az idempotencia be van \u00e1ll\u00edtva, biztos\u00edtani kell, hogy az azonos \u00fczenetek minden alkalommal ugyanabba a part\u00edci\u00f3ba ker\u00fcljenek. Ezt el lehet \u00e9rni a Producer kulcs\u00e1nak \u00e9s a partitioner.class param\u00e9ter\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. Kezdj\u00fcnk a kulccsal. Minden egyes k\u00fcld\u00e9s eset\u00e9n azonosnak kell lennie. Ezt k\u00f6nnyen el\u00e9rhetj\u00fck, ha az eredeti \u00fczenetb\u0151l egy \u00fczleti azonos\u00edt\u00f3t haszn\u00e1lunk. A partitioner.class param\u00e9ter alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e9rt\u00e9ke: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/apache\/kafka\/blob\/trunk\/clients\/src\/main\/java\/org\/apache\/kafka\/clients\/producer\/internals\/DefaultPartitioner.java\">DefaultPartitioner.<\/a><\/noindex>Ezen az alap\u00e9rtelmezett part\u00edcion\u00e1l\u00e1si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1n\u00e1l a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k\u00e9ppen j\u00e1runk el:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ha a part\u00edci\u00f3t kifejezetten megadt\u00e1k az \u00fczenet k\u00fcld\u00e9sekor, azt haszn\u00e1ljuk.<\/li>\n<li>Ha a part\u00edci\u00f3 nincs megadva, de a kulcs meg van adva \u2014 a kulcs hash-\u00e9n alapulva v\u00e1lasztunk part\u00edci\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<li>Ha a part\u00edci\u00f3 \u00e9s a kulcs sincs megadva \u2014 a part\u00edci\u00f3kat k\u00f6rk\u00f6r\u00f6sen v\u00e1lasztjuk (round-robin).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a kulcs haszn\u00e1lata \u00e9s az idempotens k\u00fcld\u00e9s a <strong>max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 1 param\u00e9terrel.<\/strong> rendezett \u00fczenetkezel\u00e9st biztos\u00edt a Consumer sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Eml\u00e9kezz\u00fcnk arra, hogy ha a klaszteredben enged\u00e9lyezve van a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9skezel\u00e9s, akkor jogokra lesz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ged a vend\u00e9gl\u00e1t\u00f3 tetej\u00e9re t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 idempotens \u00edr\u00e1shoz.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ha esetleg hi\u00e1nyzik az idempotens k\u00fcld\u00e9s k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge a kulcs ment\u00e9n, vagy a Producer oldal\u00e1n a logika megk\u00f6veteli az adatok konzisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 part\u00edci\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, akkor a tranzakci\u00f3k seg\u00edthetnek. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl l\u00e1nc tranzakci\u00f3val felt\u00e9telesen szinkroniz\u00e1lhatod a Kafka \u00edr\u00e1st p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy adatb\u00e1zis bejegyz\u00e9s\u00e9vel. A tranzakci\u00f3s k\u00fcld\u00e9s enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\u00e9hez a Producernek rendelkeznie kell idempotenci\u00e1val, \u00e9s be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtani <strong>transactional.id<\/strong>. Ha a Kafka klaszteredben enged\u00e9lyezve van a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9skezel\u00e9s, akkor a tranzakci\u00f3s \u00edr\u00e1shoz, ak\u00e1rcsak az idempotens \u00edr\u00e1shoz, \u00edr\u00e1si jogokra lesz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ged, amelyeket a transactional.id \u00e9rt\u00e9k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val adhatunk meg.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Form\u00e1lisan b\u00e1rmilyen karakterl\u00e1ncot haszn\u00e1lhatsz tranzakci\u00f3s azonos\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9nt, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az alkalmaz\u00e1s nev\u00e9t. De ha t\u00f6bb p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyt ind\u00edtasz ugyanabb\u00f3l az alkalmaz\u00e1sb\u00f3l ugyanazzal a transactional.id-vel, az els\u0151 elind\u00edtott p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny le\u00e1ll egy hib\u00e1val, mivel a Kafka zombifolyamatnak fogja tekinteni. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">org.apache.kafka.common.errors.ProducerFencedException: A Producer r\u00e9gi \u00e9ra m\u0171velet\u00e9t pr\u00f3b\u00e1lta v\u00e9grehajtani. Vagy l\u00e9tezik egy \u00fajabb producer ugyanazzal a transactionalId-vel, vagy a producer tranzakci\u00f3j\u00e1t az \u00fcgyn\u00f6k lej\u00e1rta miatt megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a nev\u00fcnk v\u00e9g\u00e9hez hozz\u00e1f\u0171zz\u00fck a hosztnevet, amelyet a k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kb\u00f3l nyer\u00fcnk. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Producer be van \u00e1ll\u00edtva, de a Kafka tranzakci\u00f3k csak az \u00fczenetek l\u00e1that\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t kezelik. A tranzakci\u00f3 st\u00e1tusz\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl az \u00fczenet azonnal beker\u00fcl a t\u00e9m\u00e1ba, de tov\u00e1bbi rendszerattrib\u00fatumokkal rendelkezik.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ahhoz, hogy ezek az \u00fczenetek ne legyenek kor\u00e1bban feldolgozva a Consumer \u00e1ltal, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 param\u00e9tert kell be\u00e1ll\u00edtania <strong>isolation.level<\/strong> read_committed \u00e9rt\u00e9kre. Ilyen Consumer k\u00e9pes lesz a nem tranzakci\u00f3s \u00fczenetek olvas\u00e1s\u00e1ra, mint kor\u00e1bban, m\u00edg a tranzakci\u00f3sakat csak a commit ut\u00e1n.<br \/>\nHa minden kor\u00e1bban eml\u00edtett be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st elv\u00e9gezt\u00e9l, akkor be\u00e1ll\u00edtottad az exactly once delivery-t. Gratul\u00e1lok!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De van egy m\u00e1sik szempont is. A tranzakci\u00f3s.id, amit kor\u00e1bban be\u00e1ll\u00edtottunk, val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a tranzakci\u00f3 prefixe. A tranzakci\u00f3s menedzser hozz\u00e1f\u0171zi a sorsz\u00e1mot. A kapott azonos\u00edt\u00f3t az al\u00e1bbiakban kapjuk <strong>transactional.id.expiration.ms<\/strong>, amely Kafka klaszteren konfigur\u00e1lhat\u00f3, \u00e9s alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00e9rt\u00e9ke \u201e7 nap\u201d. Ha ez id\u0151 alatt az alkalmaz\u00e1s nem kapott \u00fczeneteket, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 tranzakci\u00f3s k\u00fcld\u00e9s megk\u00eds\u00e9rl\u00e9sekor <strong>InvalidPidMappingException<\/strong>. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a tranzakci\u00f3s koordin\u00e1tor \u00faj sorsz\u00e1mot ad a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 tranzakci\u00f3hoz. Az \u00fczenet elveszhet, ha az InvalidPidMappingException-t nem kezelik megfelel\u0151en. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vmesto-itogov\">Az \u00f6sszegz\u00e9sek helyett<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Amint l\u00e1that\u00f3, nem el\u00e9g csup\u00e1n \u00fczeneteket k\u00fcldeni a Kafka-ba. Ki kell v\u00e1lasztani a param\u00e9terek kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t, \u00e9s k\u00e9szen kell \u00e1llni a gyors v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sokra. Ebben a cikkben r\u00e9szletesen bemutattam a pontosan egyszeri k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s le\u00edrtam n\u00e9h\u00e1ny probl\u00e9m\u00e1t a client.id \u00e9s a transactional.id konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kkal, amelyekkel tal\u00e1lkoztunk. Lent r\u00f6viden \u00f6sszefoglalom a Producer \u00e9s Consumer be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sait.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Producer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>acks = all<\/li>\n<li>retries &gt; 0<\/li>\n<li>enable.idempotence = true<\/li>\n<li>max.in.flight.requests.per.connection \u2264 5 (1 a rendezett k\u00fcld\u00e9shez)<\/li>\n<li>transactional.id = ${application-name}-${hostname}<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Consumer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>isolation.level = read_committed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A j\u00f6v\u0151beli alkalmaz\u00e1sokban a hib\u00e1k minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00fcnk egy burkot a spring konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz, ahol m\u00e1r be vannak \u00e1ll\u00edtva az el\u0151z\u0151leg eml\u00edtett param\u00e9terek \u00e9rt\u00e9kei.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Itt van n\u00e9h\u00e1ny anyag az \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1shoz:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cwiki.apache.org\/confluence\/display\/KAFKA\/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging\">KIP-98 - Pontosan egyszeri k\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s tranzakci\u00f3s \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u00e9s<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/documentation\/#configuration\">Be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok le\u00edr\u00e1sa <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tinkoff\/blog\/481784\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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