{"id":54924,"date":"2020-01-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:59","slug":"predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","title":{"rendered":"SHA-1 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u00f3dszert javasoltak, amely PGP elleni t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz alkalmas","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A francia \u00c1llami Informatikai \u00e9s Automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si Kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zet (INRIA) \u00e9s a Nanyang Technological University (Szingap\u00far) kutat\u00f3i bemutatt\u00e1k a t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszert <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/\">K\u00e1osz<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2020\/014.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), amelyet az SHA-1 algoritmus els\u0151 gyakorlati megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sak\u00e9nt mutatnak be, amelyet hamis PGP \u00e9s GnuPG digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra lehet haszn\u00e1lni. A kutat\u00f3k \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy mostant\u00f3l minden gyakorlati t\u00e1mad\u00e1s az MD5 ellen alkalmazhat\u00f3 az SHA-1-re is, b\u00e1r eddig m\u00e9g mindig jelent\u0151s er\u0151forr\u00e1sokat ig\u00e9nyelnek a megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1shoz.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00f3dszer alapja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC\">a megadott prefixszel v\u00e9gzett \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9si t\u00e1mad\u00e1s<\/a><\/noindex>, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy k\u00e9t tetsz\u0151leges adatcsoporthoz kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9seket rendeljen, amelyek csatol\u00e1s\u00e1val olyan \u00f6sszes\u00edtett halmazokat kapunk, amelyek \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9st okoznak, \u00e9s amelyekre a SHA-1 algoritmus alkalmaz\u00e1sa azonos hash-eredm\u00e9nyhez vezet. M\u00e1s szavakkal, k\u00e9t l\u00e9tez\u0151 dokumentumhoz k\u00e9t kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9st lehet kisz\u00e1m\u00edtani, \u00e9s ha az egyiket az els\u0151 dokumentumhoz, a m\u00e1sikat pedig a m\u00e1sodikhoz csatoljuk \u2014 a SHA-1 hash-eredm\u00e9nyek ezekn\u00e9l a f\u00e1jlokn\u00e1l azonosak lesznek.<\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj m\u00f3dszer elt\u00e9r a kor\u00e1bban javasolt hasonl\u00f3 technik\u00e1kt\u00f3l az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9skeres\u00e9s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s a PGP elleni t\u00e1mad\u00e1s gyakorlati alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak bemutat\u00e1s\u00e1val. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a kutat\u00f3k k\u00e9pesek voltak el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edteni k\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9ret\u0171 nyilv\u00e1nos PGP kulcsot (RSA-8192 \u00e9s RSA-6144), amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3kkal rendelkeztek \u00e9s SHA-1 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9st okoz\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyokkal voltak ell\u00e1tva. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/bob.asc\">Az els\u0151 kulcs<\/a><\/noindex> tartalmazta az \u00e1ldozat azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1t, m\u00edg a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/alice.asc\">m\u00e1sodik kulcs<\/a><\/noindex> tartalmazta a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 nev\u00e9t \u00e9s k\u00e9p\u00e9t. Ezzel a k\u00f6z\u00f6lt \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n az azonos\u00edt\u00f3 kulcsot tartalmaz\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny, amely a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 kulcs\u00e1t \u00e9s k\u00e9p\u00e9t tartalmazta, ugyanazt a SHA-1 hash-t adta, mint az \u00e1ldozati tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny, amely a kulcsot \u00e9s az \u00e1ldozat nev\u00e9t tartalmazta. <\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 k\u00e9rheti digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1t a saj\u00e1t kulcs\u00e1hoz \u00e9s k\u00e9p\u00e9hez egy harmadik f\u00e9l \u00e1ltal m\u0171k\u00f6dtetett hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontt\u00f3l, majd \u00e1tvitelheti a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1st az \u00e1ldozat kulcs\u00e1ra. A digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben marad az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9s \u00e9s a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 kulcs\u00e1nak a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00f6zpont \u00e1ltal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00e1sa miatt, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se al\u00e1 vonja az \u00e1ldozat nev\u00e9t visel\u0151 kulcsot (mivel a SHA-1 hash mindk\u00e9t kulcs eset\u00e9ben megegyezik). V\u00e9g\u00fcl a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 \u00e1lc\u00e1zhatja mag\u00e1t az \u00e1ldozatk\u00e9nt, \u00e9s b\u00e1rmilyen dokumentumot al\u00e1\u00edrhat az \u0151 nev\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s egyel\u0151re meglehet\u0151sen k\u00f6lts\u00e9ges, de m\u00e1r teljesen megfizethet\u0151 a titkosszolg\u00e1latok \u00e9s nagyv\u00e1llalatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az egyszer\u0171 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9skeres\u00e9shez a k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek 11 ezer doll\u00e1rt tettek ki egy olcs\u00f3bb NVIDIA GTX 970 GPU haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val, m\u00edg a megadott prefixszel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9skeres\u00e9shez 45 ezer doll\u00e1rba ker\u00fclt (p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt 2012-ben a SHA-1 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9skeres\u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9geit 2 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1rra becs\u00fclt\u00e9k, 2015-ben pedig 700 ezerre). A PGP gyakorlati t\u00e1mad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz k\u00e9t h\u00f3napnyi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sra volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g 900 NVIDIA GTX 1060 GPU bevon\u00e1s\u00e1val, a b\u00e9rl\u00e9s\u00fck pedig 75 ezer doll\u00e1rba ker\u00fclt a kutat\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>A kutat\u00f3k \u00e1ltal javasolt \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9skeres\u00e9si m\u00f3dszer k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl t\u00edzszer hat\u00e9konyabb a kor\u00e1bbi eredm\u00e9nyekhez k\u00e9pest \u2014 az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gi szintj\u00e9t 261,2 m\u0171veletre siker\u00fclt cs\u00f6kkenteni, a 264,7 helyett, m\u00edg a megadott prefixszel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9seket 263,4 m\u0171veletre a 267,1 helyett. A kutat\u00f3k azt aj\u00e1nlj\u00e1k, hogy min\u00e9l hamarabb v\u00e1ltsanak \u00e1t a SHA-1-r\u0151l a SHA-256 vagy SHA-3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra, mivel el\u0151rejelz\u00e9seik szerint 2025-re a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei 10 ezer doll\u00e1rra cs\u00f6kkennek.<\/p>\n<p>A GnuPG fejleszt\u0151i \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9st kaptak a probl\u00e9m\u00e1r\u00f3l okt\u00f3ber 1-j\u00e9n (CVE-2019-14855), \u00e9s november 25-\u00e9n a GnuPG 2.2.18 kiad\u00e1sakor int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket tettek a probl\u00e9m\u00e1s tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u2014 az \u00f6sszes SHA-1 alap\u00fa digit\u00e1lis azonos\u00edt\u00f3 al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s, amelyet a tavaly janu\u00e1r 19-e ut\u00e1n hoztak l\u00e9tre, most m\u00e1r \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelennek sz\u00e1m\u00edt. A CAcert, a PGP kulcsokhoz legfontosabb hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontok egyike, tervezi, hogy \u00e1tt\u00e9r biztons\u00e1gosabb hash-funkci\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra a kulcsok tan\u00fas\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Az OpenSSL fejleszt\u0151i a t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerr\u0151l kapott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k alapj\u00e1n \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6ttek, hogy letiltj\u00e1k a SHA-1-et az alap\u00e9rtelmezett biztons\u00e1gi szint els\u0151 fok\u00e1n (a SHA-1 nem lesz haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok \u00e9s digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok eset\u00e9n a kapcsolatok \u00f6sszes\u00edt\u00e9se sor\u00e1n).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Shambles (PDF), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c SHA-1, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 PGP \u0438 GnuPG. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 MD5 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 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