{"id":55257,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-na-smenu-korporativnoj-lestnitse"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:21","slug":"pol-grem-na-smenu-korporativnoj-lestnitse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/pol-grem-na-smenu-korporativnoj-lestnitse","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham: \u201eA v\u00e1llalati l\u00e9tra helyett\u201c","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: \u201eA v\u00e1llalati l\u00e9tra helyett\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/752a475b357503a341d6c673343e7c21.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>2005. augusztus<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Harminc \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt az embereknek utat kellett tal\u00e1lniuk a karrierl\u00e9tr\u00e1n. Ma ez m\u00e1r nem tekinthet\u0151 szab\u00e1lynak. A mi gener\u00e1ci\u00f3nk a vezet\u0151 poz\u00edci\u00f3k\u00e9rt szeretne p\u00e9nzt kapni. Ahelyett, hogy egy nagyv\u00e1llalatn\u00e1l dolgozn\u00e1nk egy term\u00e9k kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9n, v\u00e1rva a munkahelyi garancia meg\u00e9rkez\u00e9s\u00e9t, mi magunk fejlesztj\u00fck a term\u00e9ket egy startupban, \u00e9s eladjuk azt a nagyv\u00e1llalatnak. Legal\u00e1bbis szeretn\u00e9nk v\u00e1laszt\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9get.<\/p>\n<p>Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl ez a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s gyors gazdas\u00e1gi egyenl\u0151tlens\u00e9g n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t is mag\u00e1val hozta. De val\u00f3j\u00e1ban ezek a p\u00e9ld\u00e1k nem olyan k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151ek, mint ahogy a gazdas\u00e1gi statisztik\u00e1kban bemutatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p>A gazdas\u00e1gi statisztika f\u00e9lrevezet\u0151, mert figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyja a biztos munkahelyek jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. A k\u00f6nny\u0171 munka, amelyet nem lehet elvesz\u00edteni, p\u00e9nzbe ker\u00fcl; a m\u00e1sodik munkahely\u00e9rt cser\u00e9be val\u00f3 csere az egyik leggyakoribb korrupci\u00f3s forma. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0\">Sinekura<\/a><\/noindex><i> (J\u00f3l fizetett poz\u00edci\u00f3, amely nem ig\u00e9nyel nagy munk\u00e1t)<\/i> \u2014 ez a hat\u00e1s, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82\">annuit\u00e1s<\/a><\/noindex> <i>(vagy p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi j\u00e1rad\u00e9k \u2014 \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos kifejez\u00e9s a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi eszk\u00f6z t\u00f6rleszt\u00e9si \u00fctemez\u00e9s\u00e9nek, a jutalmak kifizet\u00e9s\u00e9nek vagy a t\u0151ke \u00e9s kamat r\u00e9szletek kifizet\u00e9s\u00e9nek le\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra)<\/i>. Csak az a baj, hogy a sinekur\u00e1k nem jelennek meg a gazdas\u00e1gi statisztik\u00e1kban. Ha megjelenn\u00e9nek, vil\u00e1gos lenne, hogy a szocialista orsz\u00e1gok gyakorlatilag nem elhanyagolhat\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelmi egyenl\u0151tlens\u00e9ggel rendelkeznek, mivel \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban er\u0151s b\u00fcrokr\u00e1ci\u00e1val rendelkeznek, amelyek f\u0151k\u00e9nt a munk\u00e1ban elt\u00f6lt\u00f6tt id\u0151\u00e9rt kapnak fizet\u00e9st, \u00e9s akiket soha nem lehet elbocs\u00e1tani.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nEk\u00f6zben nem a sinekura, hanem a karrierl\u00e9tra poz\u00edci\u00f3ja volt igaz\u00e1n \u00e9rt\u00e9kes, mert a nagyv\u00e1llalatok igyekeztek nem elbocs\u00e1tani az embereket, \u00e9s a poz\u00edci\u00f3emel\u00e9seket els\u0151sorban a munkaviszony idej\u00e9re alapozt\u00e1k. A karrierl\u00e9tra helyzete olyan jelent\u0151s\u00e9ggel b\u00edrt, mint a \u201ej\u00f3akarat\u201d (goodwill), amelyet val\u00f3j\u00e1ban meglehet\u0151sen gyakran haszn\u00e1lnak mint val\u00f3s elemet a v\u00e1llalatok \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9ben. Ez azt jelentette, hogy a j\u00f6v\u0151ben v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an j\u00f3l fizet\u0151 munk\u00e1t lehetett kapni.<\/p>\n<p>A karrierl\u00e9tra egyik f\u0151 OK-a a 80-as \u00e9vek \u00f3ta tart\u00f3 f\u00fazi\u00f3s tendencia. Mi\u00e9rt pazaroln\u00e1d az id\u0151det egy l\u00e9tr\u00e1n, amely elt\u0171nhet, miel\u0151tt el\u00e9rn\u00e9d a cs\u00facs\u00e1t?<\/p>\n<p>Nem v\u00e9letlen, hogy a karrierl\u00e9tra az egyik oka lett, ami\u00e9rt a korai v\u00e1llalati \u00e1tkonfigur\u00e1l\u00e1sok ilyen sikeresek voltak. Nemcsak a gazdas\u00e1gi statisztik\u00e1k ignor\u00e1lj\u00e1k a biztons\u00e1gos munkahelyek jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. A v\u00e1llalati m\u00e9rlegek is \u00edgy tesznek. Az oka annak, hogy a c\u00e9geket r\u00e9szekre bontva \u00e9s eladva hasznot lehetett h\u00fazni az 1980-as \u00e9vekben, az az, hogy form\u00e1lisan alig ismert\u00e9k el a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3ikkal szembeni implicit tartoz\u00e1sukat, akik j\u00f3l dolgoztak, \u00e9s a magas fizet\u00e9s\u0171 poz\u00edci\u00f3k jutalm\u00e1t v\u00e1rt\u00e1k, amikor elj\u00f6n az idej\u00fck. A Wall Street c\u00edm\u0171 filmben Gordon Gekko g\u00fanyolja a t\u00faltel\u00edtett aleln\u00f6k\u00f6kkel rendelkez\u0151 c\u00e9geket. De a c\u00e9g nem biztos, hogy olyan korrupt, mint amilyennek t\u0171nik; ezek a k\u00e9nyelmes aleln\u00f6ki poz\u00edci\u00f3k val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a kor\u00e1bbi munk\u00e1\u00e9rt cser\u00e9be kapt\u00e1k a megfelel\u0151 ellen\u00e9rt\u00e9ket.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9n jobban szeretem az \u00faj modellt. Egyr\u00e9szt a poz\u00edci\u00f3kat jutalomk\u00e9nt kezelni rossz \u00f6tletnek t\u0171nik. Sok j\u00f3 m\u00e9rn\u00f6k lett \u00edgy rossz vezet\u0151. A r\u00e9gi rendszer azt felt\u00e9telezte, hogy az embereknek sokkal t\u00f6bb v\u00e1llalati politik\u00e1val kellett szembes\u00fclni\u00fck, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00e9k azt az er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9st, amit a karrierl\u00e9tra szerinti poz\u00edci\u00f3juk elnyer\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt tettek.<\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj rendszer nagy h\u00e1tr\u00e1nya, hogy t\u00f6bb kock\u00e1zatot hordoz mag\u00e1ban. Ha \u00f6tleteket fejlesztesz egy startupban, nem pedig egy nagyv\u00e1llalatn\u00e1l, b\u00e1rmilyen v\u00e9letlen t\u00e9nyez\u0151 els\u00fcllyesztheti a projektedet, miel\u0151tt be tudn\u00e1d fejezni. De lehet, hogy az id\u0151sebb gener\u00e1ci\u00f3 nevetni fog rajtam, amikor azt mondom, hogy abban a m\u00f3dban, ahogyan mindannyian kock\u00e1zatosabban dolgozunk. Hiszen a nagyv\u00e1llalatokon bel\u00fcli projektek folyamatosan t\u00f6r\u00f6lve lettek a fentr\u0151l hozott \u00f6nk\u00e9nyes d\u00f6nt\u00e9sek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben. Ap\u00e1m ipara (a szapor\u00edt\u00f3 reaktorok) \u00edgy t\u0171nt el.<\/p>\n<p>Ez vagy \u00fagy, a mag\u00e1nak a karrierl\u00e9tr\u00e1nak az \u00f6tlete val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg \u00f6r\u00f6kre elt\u0171nt. Az \u00faj modell likvidebbnek \u00e9s hat\u00e9konyabbnak t\u0171nik. De p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyileg nem olyan nagy v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s, mint amilyennek gondolhatn\u00e1nk. Az ap\u00e1ink nem voltak olyan but\u00e1k.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/341184\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 2005 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":55258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 2005 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434.\" 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