{"id":55847,"date":"2020-01-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/acl-kommutatorov-v-detalyah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:00","slug":"acl-kommutatorov-v-detalyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/acl-kommutatorov-v-detalyah","title":{"rendered":"A switchek ACL-jei r\u00e9szletesen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Az ACL (Hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s-vez\u00e9rl\u0151 lista) a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k\u00f6n val\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 meg hardveresen \u00e9s szoftveresen, vagyis klasszikus \u00e9rtelemben hardware \u00e9s software-alap\u00fa ACL-k\u00e9nt. Ha a software-alap\u00fa ACL-k vil\u00e1gosak, mivel ezek a m\u0171veletek a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban (azaz a Control Plane-ben) t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak \u00e9s dolgoz\u00f3dnak fel, \u00e9s ezzel egy\u00fctt a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok is, akkor a hardveralap\u00fa ACL-ek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t r\u00e9szletesebben is megvizsg\u00e1ljuk cikk\u00fcnkben. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt az Extreme Networks ExtremeSwitching sorozat\u00fa switch-\u00e9t fogjuk haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n <\/a><\/noindex>
\nMivel minket a hardveralap\u00fa ACL-ek \u00e9rdekelnek, sz\u00e1munkra a Data Plane bels\u0151 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa, vagyis a haszn\u00e1lt chipek (ASIC) rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fontos. Az Extreme Networks \u00f6sszes switch modelle az Broadcom ASIC chipekre \u00e9p\u00fcl, \u00edgy az al\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k a piacon el\u00e9rhet\u0151 t\u00f6bbi switch-re is \u00e9rv\u00e9nyesek, amelyek szint\u00e9n hasonl\u00f3 ASIC-eken alapulnak.<\/p>\n

Ahogyan a fenti \u00e1br\u00e1n is l\u00e1tszik, a chipben az ACL m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt a 'Content-Aware Engine' felel, k\u00fcl\u00f6n az 'ingress' \u00e9s az 'egress' eset\u00e9n. Architekt\u00far\u00e1juk azonos, csak az 'egress' kisebb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3 \u00e9s funkcionalit\u00e1sa is korl\u00e1tozottabb. Fizikailag mindk\u00e9t 'Content-Aware Engine' TCAM mem\u00f3ri\u00e1b\u00f3l, valamint a hozz\u00e1 tartoz\u00f3 logik\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1ll, \u00e9s minden felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i vagy rendszerbeli ACL szab\u00e1ly egy egyszer\u0171 bitmaszk (bit-mask), amely ebben a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban van r\u00f6gz\u00edtve. Ez\u00e9rt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a chip \u00e1ltali csomagfeldolgoz\u00e1s l\u00e9p\u00e9sr\u0151l l\u00e9p\u00e9sre \u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nycs\u00f6kken\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p>\n

Fizikailag a bel\u00e9p\u0151\/kimeneti TCAM logikailag t\u00f6bb szegmensre oszlik (att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en, hogy h\u00e1ny mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s platform \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre), \u00fagynevezett 'ACL slices'-ekre. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ugyanez t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik egy fizikailag azonos HDD-n a laptopj\u00e1n, amikor t\u00f6bb logikai lemezt hoz l\u00e9tre rajta - C:>, D:>. Minden ACL-szelet cell\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, amelyek 'sorok' form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolj\u00e1k a 'szab\u00e1lyokat' (rules\/bit-maszkok).<\/p>\n

\"A
\nA TCAM ACL-szeletekre bont\u00e1sa m\u00f6g\u00f6tt bizonyos logika \u00e1ll. Minden egyes ACL-szeletben csak egym\u00e1ssal kompatibilis 'szab\u00e1lyok' t\u00e1rolhat\u00f3k. Ha b\u00e1rmelyik 'szab\u00e1ly' nem kompatibilis az el\u0151z\u0151vel, akkor a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 ACL-szeletbe ker\u00fcl r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9sre, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy h\u00e1ny szabad sor maradt az el\u0151z\u0151ben a 'szab\u00e1lyok' sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n

Honnan sz\u00e1rmazik akkor ez az ACL szab\u00e1lyok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kompatibilit\u00e1s vagy inkompatibilit\u00e1s? Az a helyzet, hogy egy \"sor\" TCAM, ahov\u00e1 a \"szab\u00e1lyokat\" \u00edrj\u00e1k, 232 bit hossz\u00fa, \u00e9s t\u00f6bb mez\u0151re oszlik \u2013 Fixed, Field1, Field2, Field3. A 232 bit vagy 29 byte TCAM mem\u00f3ria elegend\u0151 ahhoz, hogy t\u00e1rolja egy adott MAC vagy IP c\u00edm bit-masz\u00e1t, de sokkal kevesebb, mint egy teljes Ethernet csomag fejl\u00e9c. Minden egyes ACL-szeletben az ASIC f\u00fcggetlen lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9st v\u00e9gez a F1-F3 bit-maszkban be\u00e1ll\u00edtottak alapj\u00e1n. \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben ez a lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9s a 128 byte Ethernet fejl\u00e9c els\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nhet. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban az a helyzet, hogy a keres\u00e9s a 128 byte-on v\u00e9gezhet\u0151, m\u00edg csak 29 byte t\u00e1rolhat\u00f3, a pontos lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9shez el kell helyezni egy eltol\u00e1st (offset) a csomag elej\u00e9hez k\u00e9pest. Az offset minden egyes ACL-szelethez az els\u0151 szab\u00e1ly \u00edr\u00e1sakor van be\u00e1ll\u00edtva, \u00e9s ha a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1ly \u00edr\u00e1sakor m\u00e1s offset sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, azt a szab\u00e1lyt inkompatibilisnek tekintik az els\u0151vel, \u00e9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 ACL-szeletbe \u00edrj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Az al\u00e1bbi t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban bemutatjuk az ACL-be \u00edrt felt\u00e9telek kompatibilit\u00e1si sorrendj\u00e9t. Minden egyes sor tartalmazza a m\u00e1s sorokkal kompatibilis \u00e9s inkompatibilis bit-maszokat.<\/p>\n

\"A
\nMinden egyes csomagot feldolgoz\u00f3 ASIC p\u00e1rhuzamos lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9st ind\u00edt minden ACL-szeletben. A vizsg\u00e1lat az els\u0151 tal\u00e1latig t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik az ACL-szeletben, de megengedett, hogy ugyanarra a csomagra t\u00f6bb tal\u00e1lat is legyen k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ACL-szeletekben. Minden egyes \"szab\u00e1ly\" megfelel\u0151 m\u0171velettel rendelkezik, amelyet v\u00e9gre kell hajtani, ha a felt\u00e9tel (bit-masz) teljes\u00fcl. Ha egyidej\u0171leg t\u00f6bb ACL-szeletben tal\u00e1lat t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, akkor az \"Action Conflict Resolution\" blokkj\u00e1ban az ACL-szelet priorit\u00e1sa alapj\u00e1n d\u00f6ntenek arr\u00f3l, hogy melyik m\u0171veletet hajts\u00e1k v\u00e9gre. Ha az ACL-ben szerepel mind \"action\" (enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\/tagad\u00e1s) \u00e9s \"action-modifier\" (sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00e1s\/QoS\/log\/\u2026), akkor t\u00f6bb tal\u00e1lat eset\u00e9n csak a magasabb priorit\u00e1s\u00fa \"action\" fog v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra ker\u00fclni, az \"action-modifier\" m\u0171veletek viszont v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3dnak mind. Az al\u00e1bbi p\u00e9lda bemutatja, hogy mindk\u00e9t sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3 n\u00f6vel\u00e9sre ker\u00fcl, \u00e9s a magasabb priorit\u00e1s\u00fa \"tagad\u00e1s\" fog v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3dni.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n\"ACL Solutions Guide\"<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00f6bb r\u00e9szletes inform\u00e1ci\u00f3val az ACL m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l nyilv\u00e1nosan el\u00e9rhet\u0151 a weboldalon extremenetworks.com<\/a><\/noindex>. B\u00e1rmilyen felmer\u00fcl\u0151 vagy megmaradt k\u00e9rd\u00e9st mindig fel lehet tenni irod\u00e1nk munkat\u00e1rsainak \u2013 cis@extremenetworks.com<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ACL (Access Control List) \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f hardware \u0438 software-based ACL. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441 software-based ACL \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (\u0442.\u0435. \u043d\u0430 Control Plane), \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Az ACL r\u00e9szletesen a switch-ekben | ProHoster","description":"Az ACL (Hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si Lista) h\u00e1l\u00f3zati eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k\u00f6n hardveresen \u00e9s szoftveresen is megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3, vagyis m\u00e1s szavakkal hardware- \u00e9s software-alap\u00fa ACL-k\u00e9nt is 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\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f hardware \u0438 software-based 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