{"id":70831,"date":"2020-02-21T14:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:45","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:45","slug":"obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya","title":{"rendered":"A Kubernetes klaszter friss\u00edt\u00e9se le\u00e1ll\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Kubernetes klaszter friss\u00edt\u00e9se le\u00e1ll\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/53cdba726a58c16679c6443191f28321.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>A Kubernetes klaszter\u00e9nek friss\u00edt\u00e9si folyamata<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Kubernetes klaszter haszn\u00e1lata sor\u00e1n id\u0151vel sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lehet az akt\u00edv csom\u00f3pontok friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Ez mag\u00e1ba foglalhatja a csomagok friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, a kernel friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t vagy \u00faj virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t. A Kubernetes terminol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban ezt \" <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/#voluntary-and-involuntary-disruptions\">\"\u00d6nk\u00e9ntes Megszak\u00edt\u00e1s\"<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ez a bejegyz\u00e9s egy 4 r\u00e9szes sorozat r\u00e9sze:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ez a bejegyz\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>A podok helyes le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa a Kubernetes klaszterben<\/li>\n<li>A pod t\u00f6rl\u00e9sekor elhalasztott befejez\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Hogyan ker\u00fclhetj\u00fck el a le\u00e1ll\u00e1st a Kubernetes klaszter m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se k\u00f6zben a PodDisruptionBudgets seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>(megj. ford. a sorozat t\u00f6bbi cikk\u00e9nek ford\u00edt\u00e1sa a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben v\u00e1rhat\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ebben a cikkben bemutatjuk az \u00f6sszes eszk\u00f6zt, amelyet a Kubernetes biztos\u00edt az \u00e1ll\u00e1sid\u0151 null\u00e1ra cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9hez a klaszterben fut\u00f3 csom\u00f3pontok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"opredelenie-problemy\">A probl\u00e9ma meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kezdetben naiv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st fogunk alkalmazni, amely sor\u00e1n azonos\u00edtjuk a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat \u00e9s felm\u00e9rj\u00fck e megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s potenci\u00e1lis kock\u00e1zatait, valamint tud\u00e1st halmozunk fel, hogy megoldjuk azokat a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat, amelyekkel az eg\u00e9sz ciklus sor\u00e1n szembes\u00fcl\u00fcnk. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt olyan konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t kapunk, amely lifecycle hook-okat, readiness probes-t \u00e9s Pod disruption budgets-t haszn\u00e1l az \u00e1ll\u00e1sid\u0151 null\u00e1ra cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kezdj\u00fck utunkat egy konkr\u00e9t p\u00e9ld\u00e1val. Tegy\u00fck fel, hogy van egy Kubernetes klaszter\u00fcnk, amelyben k\u00e9t node tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, \u00e9s fut egy alkalmaz\u00e1s, amely k\u00e9t podot \u00fczemeltet. <code>Service<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Kubernetes klaszter friss\u00edt\u00e9se le\u00e1ll\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f1eb999a0a088d7ed5b54c71e9b9ed1e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Kezdj\u00fck k\u00e9t pod-dal, amelyek Nginx-szel \u00e9s egy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1ssal futnak a Kubernetes klaszter\u00fcnk k\u00e9t csom\u00f3pontj\u00e1n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Friss\u00edteni szeretn\u00e9nk a k\u00e9t akt\u00edv csom\u00f3pont kernel verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t a klaszter\u00fcnkben. Hogyan fogunk ezt megtenni? Egyszer\u0171 megold\u00e1s lenne, ha \u00faj csom\u00f3pontokat ind\u00edtan\u00e1nk a friss\u00edtett konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3val, majd le\u00e1ll\u00edtan\u00e1nk a r\u00e9gi csom\u00f3pontokat, mik\u00f6zben elind\u00edtjuk az \u00fajakat. B\u00e1r ez m\u0171k\u00f6dhet, e megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9snek t\u00f6bb probl\u00e9m\u00e1ja lesz:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amikor le\u00e1ll\u00edtja a r\u00e9gi csom\u00f3pontokat, a rajtuk fut\u00f3 podok is le\u00e1llnak. Mi van, ha a podokat tiszt\u00edtani kell a megfelel\u0151 le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz? Az \u00e1ltaluk haszn\u00e1lt virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer lehet, hogy nem v\u00e1rja meg a tiszt\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat befejez\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<li>Mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, ha egyszerre \u00e1ll\u00edtja le az \u00f6sszes csom\u00f3pontot? Jelent\u0151s \u00e1ll\u00e1sid\u0151t tapasztal, am\u00edg a podok \u00e1tk\u00f6lt\u00f6znek az \u00faj csom\u00f3pontokra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fcnk van egy helyes m\u00f3dra a podok migr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra a r\u00e9gi n\u00f3dokr\u00f3l, \u00e9s biztosra kell menn\u00fcnk, hogy egyetlen munkafolyamatunk se indul el, mik\u00f6zben m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat v\u00e9gz\u00fcnk a n\u00f3don. Vagy amikor teljesen kicser\u00e9lj\u00fck a klasztert, mint a p\u00e9ld\u00e1ban (azaz a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek k\u00e9peit cser\u00e9lj\u00fck), szeretn\u00e9nk \u00e1thelyezni a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sokat a r\u00e9gi n\u00f3dokr\u00f3l az \u00fajakra. Mindk\u00e9t esetben meg szeretn\u00e9nk akad\u00e1lyozni az \u00faj podok \u00fctemez\u00e9s\u00e9t a r\u00e9gi n\u00f3dokra, majd elt\u00e1vol\u00edtani az \u00f6sszes fut\u00f3 podot r\u00f3luk. E c\u00e9lok el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lhatjuk a parancsot <code>kubectl drain<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pereraspredelenie-vseh-podov-s-nody\">minden pod \u00e1thelyez\u00e9se a n\u00f3dj\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A drain m\u0171velet lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy minden podot \u00e1thelyezz\u00fcnk a n\u00f3dj\u00e1r\u00f3l. A drain v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n a n\u00f3dot unschedulable-k\u00e9nt jel\u00f6lik meg (flag <code>NoSchedule<\/code>). Ez megakad\u00e1lyozza, hogy \u00faj podok jelenjenek meg rajta. A drain ezut\u00e1n elkezdi elt\u00e1vol\u00edtani a podokat a n\u00f3dj\u00e1r\u00f3l, befejezi a n\u00f3don jelenleg fut\u00f3 kont\u00e9nerek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t azzal, hogy jelet k\u00fcld <code>TERM<\/code> a podban l\u00e9v\u0151 kont\u00e9nereknek.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1r <code>kubectl drain<\/code> j\u00f3l kezeli a podok elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, van m\u00e9g k\u00e9t t\u00e9nyez\u0151, amely probl\u00e9m\u00e1t okozhat a drain m\u0171velet v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Az alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00e9pesnek kell lennie a helyes le\u00e1ll\u00e1sra a jel \u00e9rkez\u00e9sekor. <code>TERM<\/code> Amikor a podokat elt\u00e1vol\u00edtj\u00e1k, a Kubernetes jelet k\u00fcld a kont\u00e9nereknek, \u00e9s v\u00e1r egy megadott ideig a le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sukra; ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en, ha nem \u00e1lltak le, er\u0151szakkal befejezi \u0151ket. Mindenesetre, ha a kont\u00e9ner nem reag\u00e1l helyesen a jelre, m\u00e9g mindig kikapcsolhatja a podokat hib\u00e1san, ha azok adott pillanatban m\u0171k\u00f6dnek (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, ha egy tranzakci\u00f3 zajlik az adatb\u00e1zisban). <code>TERM<\/code> Minden podot elvesz\u00edt, amely tartalmazza az alkalmaz\u00e1st. Az alkalmaz\u00e1s nem lehet el\u00e9rhet\u0151, amikor \u00faj kont\u00e9nerek indulnak az \u00faj n\u00f3dokon, vagy ha a podjai vez\u00e9rl\u0151k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl lettek telep\u00edtve, akkor egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem indulnak \u00fajra.<\/li>\n<li>Le\u00e1ll\u00e1s elker\u00fcl\u00e9se <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"izbegaem-prostoya\">A k\u00f6telez\u0151 megszak\u00edt\u00e1sok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a n\u00f3d drain m\u0171velete, miatti le\u00e1ll\u00e1s minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a Kubernetes a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 hibakezel\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket k\u00edn\u00e1lja:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Graceful termination<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/pod\/#termination-of-pods\">Lifecycle hooks<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/containers\/container-lifecycle-hooks\/\">PodDisruptionBudgets<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/#how-disruption-budgets-work\">A ciklus t\u00f6bbi r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben ezeket a Kubernetes funkci\u00f3kat fogjuk felhaszn\u00e1lni a podok \u00e1thelyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az alapgondolat nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9nek megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a fent eml\u00edtett p\u00e9ld\u00e1nkat fogjuk haszn\u00e1lni a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 er\u0151forr\u00e1s-konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3val:<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A ciklus t\u00f6bbi r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben a Kubernetes funkci\u00f3inak adatait fogjuk felhaszn\u00e1lni a podok \u00e1thelyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az alapvet\u0151 gondolat nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9nek megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a fenti p\u00e9ld\u00e1nkat fogjuk haszn\u00e1lni a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 er\u0151forr\u00e1s-be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1ssal:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">---\napiVersion: apps\/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n name: nginx-deployment\n labels:\n   app: nginx\nspec:\n replicas: 2\n selector:\n   matchLabels:\n     app: nginx\n template:\n   metadata:\n     labels:\n       app: nginx\n   spec:\n     containers:\n     - name: nginx\n       image: nginx:1.15\n       ports:\n       - containerPort: 80\n---\nkind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n name: nginx-service\nspec:\n selector:\n   app: nginx\n ports:\n - protocol: TCP\n   targetPort: 80\n   port: 80<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ez a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 egy minim\u00e1lis p\u00e9lda. <code>Deployment<\/code>, amely az nginx podokat kezeli a klaszterben. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 le\u00edrja a forr\u00e1st, <code>Service<\/code>, amelyet az nginx podok el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lhat a klaszterben.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A teljes folyamat sor\u00e1n fokozatosan b\u0151v\u00edteni fogjuk ezt a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t, hogy v\u00e9g\u00fcl tartalmazza a Kubernetes \u00e1ltal k\u00edn\u00e1lt \u00f6sszes lehet\u0151s\u00e9get a le\u00e1ll\u00e1s minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>A Kubernetes klaszter friss\u00edt\u00e9seinek teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 v\u00e9grehajtott \u00e9s tesztelt verzi\u00f3j\u00e1\u00e9rt, amely nulla le\u00e1ll\u00e1si id\u0151vel rendelkezik AWS \u00e9s m\u00e1s er\u0151forr\u00e1sokon, l\u00e1togasson el a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gruntwork.io\/\">Gruntwork.io<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"takzhe-chitayte-drugie-stati-v-nashem-bloge\">Olvasd el t\u00f6bbi cikk\u00fcnket a blogunkban:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/481932\/\">Zero Downtime Deployment \u00e9s adatb\u00e1zisok<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/480072\/\">Kubernetes: mi\u00e9rt olyan fontos a rendszer er\u0151forr\u00e1skezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa?<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/481992\/\">A Tekton Pipeline Kubernetes-nat\u00edv pipeline-ok.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/473578\/\">Dinamikus modulok \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa Nginx-hez<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/473014\/\">Bevezet\u00e9s a Hashicorp Consul Kubernetes enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\u00e9be<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/468779\/\">Milyen k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1rt a ClickHouse migr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja a ClickHouse hiteles\u00edt\u00e9ssel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 haszn\u00e1lata n\u00e9lk\u00fcl?<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/489164\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e Kubernetes-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 Kubernetes \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0434. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 Kubernetes \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &quot;Voluntary Disruption&quot;. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 4 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b pod\u2019\u043e\u0432 \u0432 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