{"id":76911,"date":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0"},"modified":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","title":{"rendered":"LXC \u00e9s LXD 4.0 kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 eszk\u00f6zcsomag kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Canonical v\u00e1llalat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/lxd-4-0-lts-stable-release-is-now-available\">kiadta<\/a><\/noindex> A szersz\u00e1mk\u00e9szlet kiad\u00e1sa az elszigetelt kont\u00e9nerek m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u00e9s\u00e9hez <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxc\/\">LXC 4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxd\/\">LXD 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis f\u00e1jlrendszer <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxcfs\/\">LXCFS 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> a kont\u00e9nerekben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \/proc, \/sys \u00e9s a cgroupfs virtu\u00e1lis bemutat\u00f3j\u00e1nak szimul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz olyan disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek nem t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k a n\u00e9vt\u00e9r (namespace) haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a cgrouphoz. A 4.0 \u00e1g hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151 kiad\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik, friss\u00edt\u00e9seket 5 \u00e9ven kereszt\u00fcl k\u00e9sz\u00edtenek hozz\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Az LXC egy runtime, amely rendszerkont\u00e9nerek \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1skont\u00e9nerek (OCI) ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l. Az LXC tartalmaz egy liblxc k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat, egy hasznos programgy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyt (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls stb.), kont\u00e9ner\u00e9p\u00edt\u0151 sablonokat \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 programoz\u00e1si nyelvekhez k\u00e9sz\u00fclt k\u00f6t\u00e9seket. Az izol\u00e1l\u00e1s a Linux kernel be\u00e9p\u00edtett mechanizmusai r\u00e9v\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A folyamatok, h\u00e1l\u00f3zati verem, ipc, uts, felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3k \u00e9s csatol\u00e1si pontok izol\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a n\u00e9vterek (namespaces) mechanizmusa val\u00f3s\u00edtja meg. Az er\u0151forr\u00e1sok korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz cgroups alkalmazand\u00f3k. Az alacsonyabb jogosults\u00e1gok \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a kernel olyan k\u00e9pess\u00e9geit haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, mint az Apparmor \u00e9s SELinux profilok, Seccomp politik\u00e1k, Chroots (pivot_root) \u00e9s lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek. Az LXC k\u00f3dja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxc\">\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz<\/a><\/noindex> C nyelven k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, \u00e9s GPLv2 licenc alatt terjesztik.<\/p>\n<p>Az LXD az LXC, CRIU \u00e9s QEMU kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9se, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a kont\u00e9nerek \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek k\u00f6zponti kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t egy vagy t\u00f6bb szerveren. M\u00edg az LXC egy alacsony szint\u0171 eszk\u00f6z az egyes kont\u00e9nerek manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra, az LXD h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamat form\u00e1j\u00e1ban val\u00f3sul meg, amely REST API-n kereszt\u00fcl fogadja a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e9r\u00e9seket, \u00e9s sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00f6bb szerverb\u0151l \u00e1ll\u00f3 klasztereken.<br \/>\nT\u00e1mogatja a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00e1si backendeket (k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rfa, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), \u00e1llapot snapshotokat, m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 kont\u00e9nerek \u00e9l\u0151 migr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t egyik g\u00e9pr\u0151l a m\u00e1sikra, valamint az image t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1nak megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket. Az LXD k\u00f3dja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxd\">\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz<\/a><\/noindex> Go nyelven k\u00e9sz\u00fclt \u00e9s Apache 2.0 licenc alatt terjesztik.<\/p>\n<p>Kulcsok <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxc-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7182\">fejleszt\u00e9sek<\/a><\/noindex> az LXC 4.0-ban:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Teljesen \u00fajra\u00edrt\u00e1k a cgroup kezel\u0151j\u00e9t. T\u00e1mogat\u00e1st nyert az egys\u00e9ges cgroup hierarchia (cgroup2). Hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a freezer vez\u00e9rl\u0151 funkci\u00f3ja, amellyel le lehet \u00e1ll\u00edtani a cgroup m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s ideiglenesen felszabad\u00edtani egyes er\u0151forr\u00e1sokat (CPU, I\/O \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lisan m\u00e9g mem\u00f3ria) m\u00e1s feladatok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz;\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3sult az infrastrukt\u00fara a rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1sok megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9re;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a pidfd kernel alrendszer t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely a PID \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l (a pidfd egy adott folyamathoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, \u00e9s nem v\u00e1ltozik, m\u00edg a PID egy m\u00e1sik folyamathoz is hozz\u00e1rendelhet\u0151 a jelenlegi folyamat befejez\u00e9se ut\u00e1n, amely ehhez a PID-hez kapcsol\u00f3dik);\n<li class=\"l\"> Jav\u00edtottuk a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9t, valamint azok \u00e1thelyez\u00e9s\u00e9t a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati alrendszer n\u00e9vt\u00e9rben;\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlt vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli h\u00e1l\u00f3zati eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k (nl80211) kont\u00e9nerekbe val\u00f3 \u00e1thelyez\u00e9s\u00e9re.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kulcsok  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxd-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7231\/\">fejleszt\u00e9sek<\/a><\/noindex> az LXD 4.0-ban:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a nemcsak kont\u00e9nerek, hanem virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az LXD szerverek szegment\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra javasolt\u00e1k a projektek koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1t, amely egyszer\u0171s\u00edti a kont\u00e9nerek \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek csoportjainak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t. Minden projekt tartalmazhat egy saj\u00e1t kont\u00e9ner-, virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9p-, k\u00e9pk\u00e9szletet, profilt \u00e9s t\u00e1rol\u00e1si ter\u00fcletet. A projektekhez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3an saj\u00e1t korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sokat lehet megadni \u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat m\u00f3dos\u00edtani;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1sok megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t a kont\u00e9nerek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3s\u00edtottuk a k\u00f6rnyezetek biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Biztos\u00edtottuk a k\u00f6rnyezetek \u00e9s t\u00e1rol\u00e1si ter\u00fcletek automatikus pillanatfelv\u00e9teleinek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t azzal a lehet\u0151s\u00e9ggel, hogy megadjuk a pillanatfelv\u00e9tel fenn\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak id\u0151tartam\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk az API-t a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati \u00e1llapot figyel\u00e9s\u00e9re (lxc network info);\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00e1mogat\u00e1s ker\u00fclt hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra   <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linuxkit\/linuxkit\/tree\/master\/projects\/shiftfs\">shiftfs<\/a><\/noindex>, virtu\u00e1lis f\u00e1jlrendszert a csatolm\u00e1nyok t\u00e9rben l\u00e9v\u0151 azonos\u00edt\u00f3k (user namespace) \u00f6sszehangol\u00e1s\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj t\u00edpus\u00fa h\u00e1l\u00f3zati adapterek ker\u00fcltek bemutat\u00e1sra: ipvlan \u00e9s routed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a CephFS alap\u00fa t\u00e1rol\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges h\u00e1tteret;\n<li class=\"l\"> A klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt k\u00e9pek replik\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s t\u00f6bb architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3knak a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a szerepk\u00f6ralap\u00fa hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s-vez\u00e9rl\u00e9s (RBAC) lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a CGroup2 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk a MAC-c\u00edm be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s a NAT forr\u00e1sc\u00edm meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtunk egy API-t a DHCP-k\u00f6t\u00e9sek (leases) kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re;\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtuk az Nftables t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52679\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 4.0, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXD 4.0 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 LXCFS 4.0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \/proc, \/sys \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f cgroupfs \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 4.0 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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