{"id":78254,"date":"2020-04-18T01:42:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T23:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/veb-highload-kak-my-upravlyaem-trafikom-desyatkov-tysyach-domenov"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:45:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:45:17","slug":"veb-highload-kak-my-upravlyaem-trafikom-desyatkov-tysyach-domenov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/veb-highload-kak-my-upravlyaem-trafikom-desyatkov-tysyach-domenov","title":{"rendered":"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A DDoS-Guard h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1ban a legitimiz\u00e1lt forgalom nemr\u00e9giben meghaladta a sz\u00e1z gigabitet m\u00e1sodpercenk\u00e9nt. Jelenleg az \u00f6sszes forgalmunk 50%-\u00e1t az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l webszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sai gener\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Ez sok t\u00edzezer domain, nagyon v\u00e1ltozatosak, \u00e9s a legt\u00f6bb esetben egyedi megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyel.<\/p>\n<p>A tov\u00e1bbiakban bemutatjuk, hogyan kezelj\u00fck a front-n\u00f3dokat \u00e9s teljes\u00edtj\u00fck <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" title=\"SSL tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/ssl-sertifikat\/\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"357\">SSL tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok<\/a> sz\u00e1mtalan weboldal sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5e4fece0f5039f0fb1af5ead9e0e0089.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Egyetlen weboldal frontj\u00e1nak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa, m\u00e9g ha nagyon nagy is, egyszer\u0171. Haszn\u00e1lunk nginx-et, haproxy-t vagy lighttpd-t, be\u00e1ll\u00edtjuk a \u00fatmutat\u00f3k alapj\u00e1n, \u00e9s elfelejtj\u00fck. Ha valamit m\u00f3dos\u00edtani kell \u2014 reload-ot v\u00e9gz\u00fcnk, \u00e9s ism\u00e9t elfelejtj\u00fck.<\/p>\n<p>Minden megv\u00e1ltozik, amikor val\u00f3s id\u0151ben kell nagy forgalmat kezelni, \u00e9rt\u00e9kelni a k\u00e9r\u00e9sek legitimit\u00e1s\u00e1t, t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edteni \u00e9s gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1razni a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i tartalmat, mik\u00f6zben a param\u00e9tereket m\u00e1sodpercenk\u00e9nt t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is m\u00f3dos\u00edtjuk. A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak azonnal l\u00e1tnia kell az eredm\u00e9nyt az \u00f6sszes k\u00fcls\u0151 noden, amint m\u00f3dos\u00edtotta a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i fi\u00f3kj\u00e1ban. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 API-n kereszt\u00fcl ak\u00e1r t\u00f6bb ezer (n\u00e9ha ak\u00e1r t\u00edzezer) domaint is felt\u00f6lthet egyedi forgalomkezel\u00e9si param\u00e9terekkel. Ennek mind azonnal m\u0171k\u00f6dnie kell az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokban, Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9s \u00c1zsi\u00e1ban \u2014 ez nem a legegyszer\u0171bb feladat, figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy Moszkv\u00e1ban is t\u00f6bb fizikailag elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtett sz\u0171r\u0151pont tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Mi\u00e9rt van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g sok nagy, megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 nodra vil\u00e1gszerte?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A kliens forgalm\u00e1nak min\u0151s\u00e9ge \u2014 az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokb\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 k\u00e9r\u00e9seket pontosan az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokban kell kezelni (bele\u00e9rtve a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok, a parse-ol\u00e1s \u00e9s egy\u00e9b anom\u00e1li\u00e1k ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t), nem pedig Moszkv\u00e1ba vagy Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ba vontatni, ami el\u0151re nem l\u00e1that\u00f3an megn\u00f6veli a feldolgoz\u00e1si k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9st.<\/li>\n<li>A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 forgalmat lokaliz\u00e1lni kell \u2014 a tranzit szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok alatt degrad\u00e1l\u00f3dhatnak, amelyek volumene gyakran meghaladja az 1Tbps-t. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 forgalmat transzatlanti vagy transz\u00e1zsiai kapcsolatain sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani nem a legjobb \u00f6tlet. Val\u00f3di esetekben a Tier-1 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k azt mondt\u00e1k: \u201eAz \u00f6n\u00f6k \u00e1ltal fogadott t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok volumene vesz\u00e9lyes sz\u00e1munkra.\u201d Ez\u00e9rt a bej\u00f6v\u0151 forgalmat a lehet\u0151 legk\u00f6zelebb kell kezelni a forr\u00e1saikhoz.<\/li>\n<li>A szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s folyamatoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak szigor\u00fa k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyei azt jelentik, hogy a tiszt\u00edt\u00f3csoportok nem f\u00fcgghetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l, \u00e9s nem befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k \u0151ket a gyorsan v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 vil\u00e1gunk helyi esem\u00e9nyei. Az MMTS-9 \u00f6sszes 11 emelete egy h\u00e9tig \u00e1ram n\u00e9lk\u00fcl maradt? \u2013 nem probl\u00e9ma. Egyetlen \u00fcgyf\u00e9l sem szenved k\u00e1rt, aki nem rendelkezik fizikai csatlakoz\u00e1ssal \u00e9ppen ezen a helysz\u00ednen, \u00e9s a webszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok semmilyen k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt nem s\u00e9r\u00fclnek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Hogyan lehet mindezt kezelni?<\/h3>\n<p>A szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3it a lehet\u0151 leggyorsabban (ide\u00e1lis esetben azonnal) el kell terjeszteni az \u00f6sszes frontnode-on. Nem lehet csak \u00fagy \u00e1tkonfigur\u00e1lni a sz\u00f6veges konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kat \u00e9s \u00fajraind\u00edtani a d\u00e9monokat minden v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1skor \u2013 az nginx p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a le\u00e1ll\u00f3 folyamatokat (worker shutting down) m\u00e9g n\u00e9h\u00e1ny percig (vagy ak\u00e1r \u00f3r\u00e1kig, ha hossz\u00fa websocket session-\u00f6k vannak) tartja.<\/p>\n<p>Az nginx konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1sakor a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00e9p teljesen norm\u00e1lis:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6a1ffc01ad9bac1e51d46c3130ea2a37.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lat szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/d356134b0866b8c92a3d5f7a3a8df208.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A r\u00e9gi munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lata nem csup\u00e1n a kapcsolatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg, ami norm\u00e1lis. Amikor az \u00fcgyf\u00e9lkapcsolatok lez\u00e1rulnak, ez a mem\u00f3ria felszabadul.<\/p>\n<p>Mi\u00e9rt nem volt ez probl\u00e9ma, amikor az nginx elkezdett fejl\u0151dni? Nem volt HTTP\/2, WebSocket, \u00e9s t\u00f6meges hossz\u00fa keep-alive kapcsolatok. A webes forgalmunk 70%-a HTTP\/2, ami nagyon hossz\u00fa kapcsolatok.<\/p>\n<p>A megold\u00e1s egyszer\u0171 \u2013 ne haszn\u00e1ljon nginxt, ne kezelje a frontokat sz\u00f6veges f\u00e1jlok alapj\u00e1n, \u00e9s f\u0151leg ne k\u00fcldj\u00f6n t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett sz\u00f6veges konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kat transzce\u00e1nus csatorn\u00e1kon. A csatorn\u00e1k persze garant\u00e1ltak \u00e9s fenntartottak, de ett\u0151l m\u00e9g transzkontinent\u00e1lisak.<\/p>\n<p>Saj\u00e1t front- \u00e9s terhel\u00e9seloszt\u00f3 szerver\u00fcnk van, amelynek bels\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 cikkekben mes\u00e9lek. A legfontosabb, hogy m\u00e1sodpercenk\u00e9nt ezrekben alkalmazhat konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy \u00fajra kellene ind\u00edtani, vagy hogy hirtelen megn\u00f6vekedne a mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lat. Ez nagyon hasonl\u00edt a Hot Code Reload-ra, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Erlang eset\u00e9ben. Az adatok geogr\u00e1fiailag elosztott key-value adatb\u00e1zisban t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak, \u00e9s azonnal, a frontok v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3 mechanizmusai \u00e1ltal olvashat\u00f3k. Teh\u00e1t, ha SSL-tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt fel a webes fel\u00fcleten vagy API-n kereszt\u00fcl Moszkv\u00e1ban, n\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00e1sodpercen bel\u00fcl m\u00e1r haszn\u00e1latra k\u00e9sz a Los Angeles-i adatk\u00f6zpontunkban. Ha vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, \u00e9s az internet vil\u00e1gszerte megsz\u0171nik, a csom\u00f3pontjaink auton\u00f3m m\u00f3don folytatj\u00e1k a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k a split-brain \u00e1llapotot, amint el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik a Los Angeles\u2013Amsterdam\u2013Moszkva, Moszkva\u2013Amsterdam\u2013Hongkong\u2013Los Angeles vagy legal\u00e1bb egy tartal\u00e9k overlay GRE csatorna.<\/p>\n<p>Ez a mechanizmus lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi sz\u00e1munkra, hogy azonnal kiadjuk \u00e9s meghosszabb\u00edtsuk <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/\">Let&#8217;s Encrypt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok.<\/a> Nagyon leegyszer\u0171s\u00edtve ez \u00edgy m\u0171k\u00f6dik:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Amint legal\u00e1bb egy HTTPS-k\u00e9relmet \u00e9szlel\u00fcnk az \u00fcgyfel\u00fcnk domainj\u00e9re, amelyhez nincs tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny (vagy a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny lej\u00e1rt), a k\u00e9r\u00e9shez \u00e9rkez\u0151 k\u00fcls\u0151 csom\u00f3pont \u00e9rtes\u00edti a bels\u0151 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny-kibocs\u00e1t\u00f3 k\u00f6zpontot.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/20830ee7c4ea57ec1d0833f0bc25412d.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Ha a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 nem tiltotta le a Let&#8217;s Encrypt kiad\u00e1s\u00e1t, a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nykiad\u00f3 l\u00e9trehozza a CSR-t, megszerzi a LE meger\u0151s\u00edt\u0151 tokenj\u00e9t, \u00e9s ezt titkos\u00edtott csatorn\u00e1n k\u00fcldi el az \u00f6sszes frontnak. Most b\u00e1rmelyik csom\u00f3pont meger\u0151s\u00edtheti a LE-t\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u0151 k\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1c8b295065f27c1b69c810ff74ce4018.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny pillanaton bel\u00fcl megkapjuk a megfelel\u0151 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt \u00e9s a priv\u00e1t kulcsot, \u00e9s pontosan ugyan\u00edgy eljuttatjuk a frontra. \u00dajra, a d\u00e9monok \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e4fc349089fbf7cbe7824ea539865daf.jpg\" alt=\"Web-HighLoad \u2014 hogyan kezelj\u00fck a forgalmat t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer domain eset\u00e9ben\" \/><\/li>\n<li>A lej\u00e1rati d\u00e1tum el\u0151tt 7 nappal megkezd\u0151dik a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamata.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Jelenleg val\u00f3s id\u0151ben 350 ezer tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt forgatunk, teljesen \u00e1tl\u00e1that\u00f3 m\u00f3don a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 ciklus cikkeiben mes\u00e9lek a nagy webforgalom val\u00f3s idej\u0171 feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak egy\u00e9b jellemz\u0151ir\u0151l \u2014 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az RTT elemz\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l hi\u00e1nyos adatok alapj\u00e1n a tranzit \u00fcgyfelek szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1si min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, valamint a tranzitforgalom v\u00e9delm\u00e9r\u0151l a terabites t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok ellen, a forgalomr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s aggreg\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l, WAF-r\u00f3l, szinte korl\u00e1tlan CDN-r\u0151l \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos tartalomoptimaliz\u00e1l\u00f3 mechanizmusr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Csak a regisztr\u00e1lt felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k vehetnek r\u00e9szt a szavaz\u00e1son. <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">K\u00e9rem, jelentkezzen be.<\/a>, k\u00e9rem.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Mir\u0151l szeretne els\u0151k\u00e9nt t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3dni?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">14,3%<\/strong>A klaszterez\u00e9si algoritmusok \u00e9s a webes forgalom min\u0151s\u00e9ge&lt;3<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">33,3%<\/strong>A DDoS-Guard bels\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se7<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">9,5%<\/strong>Az L3\/L4 forgalom v\u00e9delme2<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">0,0%<\/strong>Weboldalak v\u00e9delme a tranzit forgalom ellen0<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">14,3%<\/strong>Webalkalmaz\u00e1s t\u0171zfal3<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\"><strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">28,6%<\/strong>V\u00e9delem a parsing \u00e9s kattint\u00e1sgy\u0171jt\u00e9s ellen6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>21 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 szavazott. 6 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 tart\u00f3zkodott.<\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ddosguard\/blog\/497632\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 DDoS-Guard \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 50% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":78255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 DDoS-Guard \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 50% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 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