{"id":80486,"date":"2020-05-06T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/problemy-avtonomnyh-skud-tam-otkuda-ne-zhdali"},"modified":"2020-05-06T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T11:42:20","slug":"problemy-avtonomnyh-skud-tam-otkuda-ne-zhdali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/problemy-avtonomnyh-skud-tam-otkuda-ne-zhdali","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 SICO probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u2014 Oda, ahonnan nem v\u00e1rt\u00e1k","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mindenkinek j\u00f3 napot k\u00edv\u00e1nok. Azt fogom elmes\u00e9lni, hogy mi \u00f6szt\u00f6nz\u00f6tt arra, hogy ezt a kutat\u00e1st v\u00e9gezzem, de el\u0151re figyelmeztetem: minden gyakorlati l\u00e9p\u00e9st az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00f3 strukt\u00far\u00e1k beleegyez\u00e9s\u00e9vel hajtottam v\u00e9gre. B\u00e1rmilyen k\u00eds\u00e9rlet eanyag felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra z\u00e1rt ter\u00fcletekre val\u00f3 jogosulatlan behatol\u00e1s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9ny. <\/p>\n<p>Az eg\u00e9sz azzal kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt, hogy takar\u00edt\u00e1s k\u00f6zben v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl a bej\u00e1rat RFID kulcs\u00e1t egy ACR122 NFC olvas\u00f3ra helyeztem \u2014 milyen meglepet\u00e9semre Windows az \u00faj eszk\u00f6z felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9nek hangj\u00e1t j\u00e1tszotta le, \u00e9s a LED z\u00f6lden kezdett vil\u00e1g\u00edtani. Eddig azt hittem, hogy ezek a kulcsok kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag Proximity szabv\u00e1ny szerint m\u0171k\u00f6dnek.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 SICO probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u2014 Oda, ahonnan nem v\u00e1rt\u00e1k\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/7f9a2b1189564d55a1eaf41837625e60.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n De mivel az olvas\u00f3 \u00e9rz\u00e9kelte, azt jelenti, hogy a kulcs az ISO 14443 szabv\u00e1ny (m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven Near Field Communication, 13,56 MHz) feletti protokollok egyik\u00e9nek megfelel. Az takar\u00edt\u00e1sr\u00f3l azonnal elfelejtkeztem, mert l\u00e1ttam, hogy van lehet\u0151s\u00e9g arra, hogy teljesen megszabaduljak a kulcscsom\u00f3t\u00f3l, \u00e9s a bej\u00e1rati kulcsot a telefonomon t\u00e1roljam (a lak\u00e1s m\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta elektronikus z\u00e1rral van felszerelve). A tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s ut\u00e1n kider\u00fclt, hogy a m\u0171anyag alatt egy Mifare 1k NFC c\u00edmke rejt\u0151zik \u2014 ez ugyanaz a modell, mint a c\u00e9ges bel\u00e9p\u0151 k\u00e1rty\u00e1kon, k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si k\u00e1rty\u00e1kon stb. Az els\u0151 pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sok a szektorok tartalm\u00e1nak megismer\u00e9s\u00e9re nem hoztak sikert, de amikor v\u00e9gre siker\u00fclt felt\u00f6rni a kulcsot \u2014 kider\u00fclt, hogy csak a 3. szektor haszn\u00e1latos, \u00e9s abban duplik\u00e1lva van a chip UID-ja. T\u00fal egyszer\u0171nek t\u0171nt, \u00e9s \u00edgy is volt, \u00e9s nem lett volna cikk, ha minden \u00fagy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt volna, ahogy tervezt\u00fck. Most megkaptam a kulcs b\u00e9l\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s nincsenek probl\u00e9m\u00e1k, ha m\u00e1sik ugyanilyen kulcsra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9gem. De a feladat az volt, hogy a kulcsot egy mobil eszk\u00f6zre \u00e1ttranszfer\u00e1ljam, amivel el is kezdtem foglalkozni. Itt kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt a mulats\u00e1g \u2014 van egy telefonunk \u2014 <b>iPhone SE<\/b> el\u0151telep\u00edtett <b>iOS 13.4.5 Beta build 17F5044d<\/b> \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny egyedi komponens a szabad NFC m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9shez \u2014 err\u0151l nem fogok r\u00e9szletezni n\u00e9h\u00e1ny objekt\u00edv ok miatt. Ig\u00e9ny szerint az itt k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 minden \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s alkalmazhat\u00f3 az Android rendszerre is, de n\u00e9h\u00e1ny egyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9ssel.<\/p>\n<p><b>Feladatlista a megold\u00e1shoz:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rni a kulcs tartalm\u00e1hoz.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tenni a kulcs emul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t az eszk\u00f6zzel.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n Az els\u0151 eset viszonylag egyszer\u0171 volt, de a m\u00e1sodikn\u00e1l probl\u00e9m\u00e1k mer\u00fcltek fel. Az emul\u00e1tor els\u0151 verzi\u00f3ja nem m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt. A probl\u00e9ma viszonylag gyorsan felfedez\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt - a mobil eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k\u00f6n (mind iOS, mind Android) az emul\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dban - a UID dinamikus \u00e9s f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy mi van be\u00edrva a k\u00e9pf\u00e1jlba - ingadozik. A m\u00e1sodik verzi\u00f3 (amelyet rendszergazdai jogokkal ind\u00edtottunk) szigor\u00faan r\u00f6gz\u00edtette a sorozatsz\u00e1mot a kiv\u00e1lasztott elemn\u00e9l - az ajt\u00f3 kiny\u00edlt. Azonban mindent t\u00f6k\u00e9letesre akartam csin\u00e1lni, \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl egy befejezett emul\u00e1tor verzi\u00f3t \u00e1ll\u00edtottam \u00f6ssze, amely k\u00e9pes volt Mifare dumpokat megnyitni \u00e9s azokat emul\u00e1lni. Egy v\u00e1ratlan impulzus hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a szektorok kulcsait v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171re v\u00e1ltoztattam, \u00e9s megpr\u00f3b\u00e1ltam kinyitni az ajt\u00f3t. \u00c9s az... <i>KINY\u00cdLT! <\/i> N\u00e9h\u00e1ny id\u0151 m\u00falva r\u00e1j\u00f6ttem, hogy kiny\u00edlnak <i>b\u00e1rmely<\/i> ajt\u00f3 ezzel a z\u00e1rral, m\u00e9g azok is, amelyekhez az eredeti kulcs nem megfelelt. Ebb\u0151l kifoly\u00f3lag \u00faj feladatlist\u00e1t \u00e1ll\u00edtottam \u00f6ssze:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kider\u00edteni, hogy melyik vez\u00e9rl\u0151 felel a kulcsok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt<\/b> <\/li>\n<li><b>Meg\u00e9rteni, hogy van-e kapcsolat a h\u00e1l\u00f3zattal \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6s adatb\u00e1zis<\/b> <\/li>\n<li><b>Kider\u00edteni, hogy mi\u00e9rt v\u00e1lik a gyakorlatilag olvashatatlan kulcs univerz\u00e1liss\u00e1<\/b> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nBesz\u00e9lgetve a kezel\u0151m\u00e9rn\u00f6kkel megtudtam, hogy egyszer\u0171 Iron Logic z5r vez\u00e9rl\u0151ket haszn\u00e1lnak, k\u00fcls\u0151 h\u00e1l\u00f3zatra csatlakoz\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">CP-Z2 MF olvas\u00f3 \u00e9s IronLogic z5r vez\u00e9rl\u0151<\/b><br \/>\n                         Kaptam egy felszerel\u00e9st a k\u00eds\u00e9rletez\u00e9shez:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 SICO probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u2014 Oda, ahonnan nem v\u00e1rt\u00e1k\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/24229d027cb7c55ec8aa20eb269ac7e6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nAhogyan az itt l\u00e1that\u00f3 - a rendszer teljesen \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl primit\u00edv. El\u0151sz\u00f6r azt hittem, hogy a vez\u00e9rl\u0151 tanul\u00e1si m\u00f3dban van - a l\u00e9nyeg az, hogy beolvassa a kulcsot, r\u00f6gz\u00edti azt a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ba, \u00e9s kinyitja az ajt\u00f3t - ezt a m\u00f3dot haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amikor az \u00f6sszes kulcsot r\u00f6gz\u00edteni kell, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy z\u00e1r cser\u00e9jekor egy t\u00e1rsash\u00e1zban. De ez a te\u00f3ria nem bizonyult helyt\u00e1ll\u00f3nak - programoz\u00e1silag ez a m\u00f3d ki van kapcsolva, a jumper a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 \u00e1llapotban van - \u00e9s m\u00e9gis, amikor az eszk\u00f6zt k\u00f6zel\u00edtj\u00fck, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ket l\u00e1tjuk:<\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">A folyamat emul\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00e9perny\u0151je az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n<\/b><br \/>\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 SICO probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u2014 Oda, ahonnan nem v\u00e1rt\u00e1k\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ba774fc83aafde90d0ce680717cdbd9b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u2026 \u00e9s a vez\u00e9rl\u0151 jelzi, hogy a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s enged\u00e9lyezett.<\/p>\n<p>Ez\u00e9rt a probl\u00e9ma a szoftverben rejlik, vagy a vez\u00e9rl\u0151n, vagy az olvas\u00f3n. N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg az olvas\u00f3t - iButton m\u00f3dban m\u0171k\u00f6dik, teh\u00e1t csatlakoztassuk a Bolid biztons\u00e1gi lapot - lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fcnk lesz megn\u00e9zni az olvas\u00f3 kimeneti adatait.<\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">A lap a k\u00e9s\u0151bbiekben RS232-n kereszt\u00fcl lesz csatlakoztatva<\/b><br \/>\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 SICO probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u2014 Oda, ahonnan nem v\u00e1rt\u00e1k\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/2960cec6f70f0abd98557a28e54eca6f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nT\u00f6bb pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s m\u00f3dszer\u00e9vel meg\u00e1llap\u00edtjuk, hogy az olvas\u00f3 ugyanazt a k\u00f3dot tov\u00e1bb\u00edtja, ha a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s nem siker\u00fcl: 1219191919<\/p>\n<p>A helyzet kezd tiszt\u00e1z\u00f3dni, de jelenleg sz\u00e1momra nem vil\u00e1gos, hogy mi\u00e9rt reag\u00e1l pozit\u00edvan a vez\u00e9rl\u0151 erre a k\u00f3dra. Felvet\u0151d\u00f6tt a gyan\u00fa, hogy amikor felt\u00f6lt\u00f6tt\u00e9k az adatb\u00e1zist \u2013 v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl vagy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan \u2013 a szektor m\u00e1s kulcsaival ell\u00e1tott k\u00e1rty\u00e1t k\u00f6zel\u00edtett\u00e9k, \u00e9s az olvas\u00f3 ezt a k\u00f3dot k\u00fcldte el, amit a vez\u00e9rl\u0151 meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt. Sajnos nincs az IronLogic gy\u00e1rt\u00f3t\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 programoz\u00f3m, hogy belen\u00e9zzek a vez\u00e9rl\u0151 kulcsainak adatb\u00e1zis\u00e1ba, de rem\u00e9lem, hogy siker\u00fclt felh\u00edvnom a figyelmet arra, hogy a probl\u00e9ma l\u00e9tezik. A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9ggel kapcsolatos vide\u00f3demonstr\u00e1ci\u00f3 el\u00e9rhet\u0151. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/video104139075_456239166\">a linken<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>P.S. Az elm\u00e9lettel ellent\u00e9tben, miszerint v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171en adt\u00e1k hozz\u00e1, azt a t\u00e9ny t\u00e1masztja al\u00e1, hogy egy Krasznojarszk-i \u00fczleti k\u00f6zpontban nekem is siker\u00fclt kinyitni az ajt\u00f3t ugyanezen m\u00f3dszerrel.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/500396\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":80487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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