{"id":83511,"date":"2020-06-01T07:42:29","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T05:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/proizvoditelnost-raspberry-pi-dobavlyaem-zram-i-izmenyaem-parametry-yadra"},"modified":"2020-06-01T07:42:29","modified_gmt":"2020-06-01T05:42:29","slug":"proizvoditelnost-raspberry-pi-dobavlyaem-zram-i-izmenyaem-parametry-yadra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/proizvoditelnost-raspberry-pi-dobavlyaem-zram-i-izmenyaem-parametry-yadra","title":{"rendered":"A Raspberry Pi teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye: ZRAM hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa \u00e9s a kernel param\u00e9terek m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny h\u00e9ttel ezel\u0151tt k\u00f6zz\u00e9tettem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/haydenjames.io\/pinebook-pro-my-first-impressions-and-setup-tips\/\">a Pinebook Pro \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s\u00e9t<\/a><\/noindex>. Mivel a Raspberry Pi 4 is ARM-ra \u00e9p\u00fcl, \u00edgy egyes optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3k, amelyekr\u0151l a kor\u00e1bbi cikkben sz\u00f3 esett, j\u00f3l alkalmazhat\u00f3k r\u00e1. Szeretn\u00e9m megosztani ezeket a tr\u00fckk\u00f6ket \u00e9s megtudni, hogy hasonl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyn\u00f6veked\u00e9sek tapasztalhat\u00f3k-e n\u00e1latok is.<\/p>\n<p>A Raspberry Pi telep\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/haydenjames.io\/home-lab-beginners-guide-hardware\/\">otthoni szerveremben<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9szrevettem, hogy amikor a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1b\u00f3l hi\u00e1ny van, nagyon reag\u00e1latlan lett, s\u0151t m\u00e9g meg is akadt. E probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra ZRAM-ot adtam hozz\u00e1, \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1st v\u00e9geztem a kernel param\u00e9tereiben.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>A ZRAM aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1sa a Raspberry Pi-n<\/h1>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Raspberry Pi teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye: ZRAM hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa \u00e9s a kernel param\u00e9terek m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/d5e0d7c2e50dd17a97f008c7ee6dfe30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/blockdev\/zram.txt\">ZRAM<\/a><\/noindex> a RAM-ban egy blokkt\u00e1rol\u00f3t hoz l\u00e9tre a \/dev\/zram0 (vagy 1, 2, 3 stb.) n\u00e9ven. Ide \u00edrva az oldalak t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtve \u00e9s mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolva lesznek. Ez nagyon gyors I\/O-t biztos\u00edt, \u00e9s felszabad\u00edt mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e1ltal.<\/p>\n<p>A Raspberry Pi 4 1, 2, 4 vagy 8 GB RAM-mal \u00e9rkezik. \u00c9n az 1 GB-os modellt fogom haszn\u00e1lni, ez\u00e9rt a utas\u00edt\u00e1st a saj\u00e1t modelledhez igaz\u00edtsd. Az 1 GB-os ZRAM-n\u00e1l a default swap f\u00e1jl (lass\u00fa!) ritk\u00e1bban fog haszn\u00e1latban lenni. Egy ilyen szkriptet haszn\u00e1ltam <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/foundObjects\/zram-swap\">zram-swap<\/a><\/noindex> a telep\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s az automatikus konfigur\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>A telep\u00edt\u00e9si utas\u00edt\u00e1sok a fenti linken tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 repo-ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Telep\u00edt\u00e9s:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">git clone https:\/\/github.com\/foundObjects\/zram-swap.git\ncd zram-swap &amp;&amp; sudo .\/install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHa szeretn\u00e9d szerkeszteni a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">vi \/etc\/default\/zram-swap<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a ZRAM aktiv\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a <code>zram-tools<\/code>. <b>telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel is. Ha ezt a m\u00f3dszert haszn\u00e1lod, mindenk\u00e9ppen szerkeszd a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t<\/b> a f\u00e1jlban <code>\/etc\/default\/zramswap<\/code>, \u00e9s \u00e1ll\u00edts be k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 1 GB ZRAM-ot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt install zram-tools<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA telep\u00edt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n a ZRAM t\u00e1rol\u00f3 statisztik\u00e1j\u00e1t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 paranccsal tekintheted meg:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo cat \/proc\/swaps\nFilename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPriority\n\/var\/swap                               file\t\t102396\t0\t-2\n\/dev\/zram0                              partition\t1185368\t265472\t5\npi@raspberrypi:~ $<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Kernel param\u00e9terek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa a ZRAM jobb kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben<\/h1>\n<p>\nMost jav\u00edtsuk a rendszer viselked\u00e9s\u00e9t, amikor a Raspberry Pi utols\u00f3 pillanatban v\u00e1lt swapra, ami gyakran akad\u00e1sokat okoz. Adjunk hozz\u00e1 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny sort a f\u00e1jlhoz <b>\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/b> majd ind\u00edtsuk \u00fajra a rendszert.<\/p>\n<p>Ezek a sorok 1) k\u00e9sleltetik a mem\u00f3ria elker\u00fclhetetlen kimer\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t, <b>n\u00f6velve a kernel cache nyom\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s 2)<\/b>kor\u00e1bban kezdik meg a mem\u00f3ria kimer\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9nek el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00fcleteit, <b>el\u0151re inicializ\u00e1lva a swapot. De ez sokkal hat\u00e9konyabb swapot jelent a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett mem\u00f3ria r\u00e9v\u00e9n a ZRAM-on kereszt\u00fcl!<\/b>\u00cdme a sorok, amelyeket a f\u00e1jl v\u00e9g\u00e9re kell hozz\u00e1adni:<\/p>\n<p>vm.vfs_cache_pressure=500\nvm.swappiness=100\nvm.dirty_background_ratio=1\nvm.dirty_ratio=50 <b>\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/b>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vm.vfs_cache_pressure=500\nvm.swappiness=100\nvm.dirty_background_ratio=1\nvm.dirty_ratio=50<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEzut\u00e1n \u00fajraind\u00edtjuk a rendszert, vagy aktiv\u00e1ljuk a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo sysctl --system<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>vm.vfs_cache_pressure=500<\/b> n\u00f6veli a cache-re nehezed\u0151 nyom\u00e1st, ami fokozza a kernel hajland\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t a mem\u00f3ria \u00fajrahasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyet a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r- \u00e9s indexobjektumok gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1raz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lnak. Kevesebb mem\u00f3ria haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra fog ker\u00fclni hosszabb id\u0151n kereszt\u00fcl. Az \u00e9les teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nycs\u00f6kken\u00e9s kompenz\u00e1lja a kor\u00e1bbi swap-el\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<p><b>vm.swappiness=100<\/b> n\u00f6veli a param\u00e9tert, hogy a kernel mennyire agressz\u00edvan hajtja v\u00e9gre a swap-el\u00e9st, mivel el\u0151sz\u00f6r a ZRAM-ot haszn\u00e1ljuk.<\/p>\n<p><b>vm.dirty_background_ratio=1 &amp; vm.dirty_ratio=50<\/b> \u2014 a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamatok azonnal elkezdenek \u00edrni, amint el\u00e9rik az 1%-os hat\u00e1rt, de a rendszer nem k\u00e9nyszer\u00edti a szinkron I\/O-t, am\u00edg el nem \u00e9ri az 50%-os dirty_ratio-t.<\/p>\n<p>Ezek a n\u00e9gy sor (ZRAM haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val) seg\u00edtenek a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban abban az esetben, ha <u>elker\u00fclhetetlen\u00fcl<\/u> elfogy a RAM, \u00e9s elkezd\u0151dik a swap-el\u00e9s, mint n\u00e1lam. E t\u00e9ny tudat\u00e1ban, valamint a ZRAM mem\u00f3rias\u0171r\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en, amely h\u00e1romszor jobb, \u00e9rdemes ezt a swap-el\u00e9st kor\u00e1bban megkezdeni.<\/p>\n<p>A cache-re nehezed\u0151 nyom\u00e1s seg\u00edt, mert gyakorlatilag azt mondjuk a kernelnek: \u201eH\u00e9, figyelj, nincs plusz mem\u00f3ri\u00e1m, hogy cache-k\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1ljam, sz\u00f3val k\u00e9rlek, szabadulj meg t\u0151le min\u00e9l hamarabb, \u00e9s t\u00e1rold csak a leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt\/v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 adatokat\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9g a cache cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se mellett is, ha id\u0151vel a telep\u00edtett mem\u00f3ria nagy r\u00e9sze foglalt lesz, a kernel kor\u00e1bban fog opportunista swapel\u00e9st v\u00e9grehajtani, \u00edgy a processzor (s\u0171r\u00edt\u00e9s) \u00e9s az I\/O swapel\u00e9s nem fogja megv\u00e1rni az utols\u00f3 pillanatot, hogy minden er\u0151forr\u00e1st egyszerre haszn\u00e1ljon fel, amikor m\u00e1r t\u00fal k\u00e9s\u0151. A ZRAM kicsit ig\u00e9nybe veszi a CPU-t a s\u0171r\u00edt\u00e9shez, de a legt\u00f6bb alacsony mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00fa rendszerben ez sokkal kisebb hat\u00e1ssal van a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyre, mint swap n\u00e9lk\u00fcl ZRAM-mal.<\/p>\n<h1>V\u00e9g\u00fcl<\/h1>\n<p>\nN\u00e9zz\u00fck meg \u00fajra az eredm\u00e9nyt:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">pi@raspberrypi:~ $ free -h\ntotal used free shared buff\/cache available\nMem: 926Mi 471Mi 68Mi 168Mi 385Mi 232Mi\nSwap: 1.2Gi 258Mi 999Mi\n\npi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cat \/proc\/swaps \nFilename Type Size Used Priority\n\/var\/swap file 102396 0 -2\n\/dev\/zram0 partition 1185368 264448 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n264448 a ZRAM-ban \u2014 ez majdnem egy gigab\u00e1jt t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtetlen adat. Minden \u00e1tker\u00fclt a ZRAM-ba, \u00e9s semmi nem ment a sokkal lassabb swap f\u00e1jlba. Pr\u00f3b\u00e1lja ki ezeket a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat, m\u0171k\u00f6dnek minden Raspberry Pi modellen. Az \u00e9n akadoz\u00f3, m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelen rendszerem m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pes \u00e9s stabil lett.<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben rem\u00e9lem, hogy folytatom \u00e9s friss\u00edtem ezt a cikket n\u00e9h\u00e1ny teszt eredm\u00e9nnyel a ZRAM telep\u00edt\u00e9se el\u0151tt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n. Jelenleg egyszer\u0171en nincs r\u00e1 id\u0151m. De addig ne habozz, v\u00e9gezd el a saj\u00e1t tesztjeidet, \u00e9s tudasd vel\u00fcnk a megjegyz\u00e9sekben. A Raspberry Pi 4 egyszer\u0171en egy sz\u00f6rnyeteg ilyen be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokkal. \u00c9lvezd!<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>A t\u00e9m\u00e1ban:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/haydenjames.io\/linux-performance-almost-always-add-swap-space\/\">Linux teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny: mi\u00e9rt kell szinte mindig n\u00f6velni a swap t\u00e9rfogat\u00e1t<\/a><\/noindex> (2017)\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/haydenjames.io\/linux-performance-almost-always-add-swap-part2-zram\/\">Linux teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny: szinte mindig n\u00f6veld a swap ter\u00fcletet. 2. r\u00e9sz: ZRAM<\/a><\/noindex> (2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/504468\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 Pinebook Pro. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 Raspberry Pi 4 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 ARM, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 Raspberry Pi \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":83512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 Pinebook Pro.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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