{"id":85959,"date":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0"},"modified":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","slug":"sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","title":{"rendered":"Bootstrapp k\u00e9palkot\u00e1sa v1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"


\n \"Bootstrapp<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Szeretn\u00e9m bemutatni a boobstrap nev\u0171 keretrendszert, amely POSIX shell nyelven \u00edr\u00f3dott, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi GNU\/Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3kkal rendelkez\u0151 bootolhat\u00f3 k\u00e9pek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t. A keretrendszer h\u00e1rom egyszer\u0171 l\u00e9p\u00e9sben v\u00e9gigvezet az \u00f6sszes folyamaton: a rendszer telep\u00edt\u00e9se chroot k\u00f6rnyezetbe, az initramfs k\u00e9p l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa, amely tartalmazza a chrootban l\u00e9v\u0151 rendszert, v\u00e9g\u00fcl pedig a bootolhat\u00f3 ISO k\u00e9p elk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9se. A boobstrap h\u00e1rom seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6zt tartalmaz: mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs \u00e9s mkbootisofs.<\/p>\n

A mkbootstrap egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba telep\u00edti a rendszert, nat\u00edv t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal rendelkezik a CRUX sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, m\u00edg Arch Linux \/ Manjaro \u00e9s a Debian alap\u00fa disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k eset\u00e9ben k\u00fcls\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket, mint a pacstrap, basestrap \u00e9s debootstrap kell haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n

A mkinitramfs l\u00e9trehozza a initramfs k\u00e9pet, amelyet az telep\u00edtett rendszer haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val az «overlay» k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban, SquashFS t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9ssel, vagy k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a tmpfs-re val\u00f3 rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1ssal aktiv\u00e1lhat. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, a mkinitramfs `mktemp -d` —overlay "arch-chroot\\\/" —overlay "\\\/home" —squashfs-xz —output initrd parancs l\u00e9trehoz egy initrd f\u00e1jlt, amely k\u00e9t overlay-t tartalmaz az «arch-chroot\\\/» rendszerrel \u00e9s a «\\\/home»-lal, SquashFS t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9ssel, amelyet azt\u00e1n PXE-n kereszt\u00fcl lehet bet\u00f6lteni a tmpfs-be, vagy l\u00e9trehozni egy ind\u00edt\u00f3 ISO k\u00e9pet ezzel az initrd-vel.<\/p>\n

A mkbootisofs egy BIOS \/ UEFI bootolhat\u00f3 ISO k\u00e9pet hoz l\u00e9tre a megadott k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rb\u00f3l. El\u00e9g, ha a k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba elhelyezz\u00fck a \\\/boot\\\/vmlinuz \u00e9s \\\/boot\\\/initrd f\u00e1jlokat.<\/p>\n

A boobstrap nem haszn\u00e1lja a busybox-ot, hanem az initramfs munkak\u00f6rnyezet l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges minim\u00e1lis programk\u00e9szletet m\u00e1solja ldd haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val. A m\u00e1soland\u00f3 programok list\u00e1ja, mint minden m\u00e1s, a \/etc\/boobstrap\/boobstrap.conf konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlon kereszt\u00fcl \u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 be. Emellett b\u00e1rmilyen minim\u00e1lis disztrib\u00faci\u00f3t telep\u00edthet k\u00fcl\u00f6n chroot-ba, ahonnan m\u00e1r egy teljes initramfs k\u00f6rnyezetet hozhat l\u00e9tre. Mint ilyen minim\u00e1lis, de m\u00e9gis teljes k\u00f6rnyezet, a «crux_gnulinux-embedded» sablon haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t javasolj\u00e1k, amely xz ut\u00e1n kompromisszumos 37MB-ot foglal el. A busybox-nak, a m\u00e9ret\u00e9vel, ami 3-5MB a 30-50MB nagys\u00e1g\u00fa teljes GNU\/Linux k\u00f6rnyezettel szemben, nincs t\u00f6bb el\u0151nye, \u00edgy a busybox haszn\u00e1lata a projektben nem t\u0171nik c\u00e9lszer\u0171nek.<\/p>\n

Hogyan ellen\u0151rizhetem gyorsan a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9get \u00e9s kezdhetem el a munk\u00e1t? Telep\u00edtse \u00e9s ind\u00edtsa el.<\/p>\n

# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/boobstrap.git
\n# cd boobstrap
\n# make install# boobstrap\/tests\/crux_gnulinux-download-and-build
\n# qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -cdrom tmp.*\/install.iso<\/p>\n

Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9gek telep\u00edt\u00e9se, nevezetesen: cpio, grub, grub-efi, dosfstools, xorriso. A squashfs-tools haszn\u00e1lata nem k\u00f6telez\u0151, dolgozhat tmpfs-en, ha elegend\u0151 a rendszermem\u00f3ria. Ha a rendszerb\u0151l valami hi\u00e1nyzik, a boobstrap err\u0151l \u00e9rtes\u00edt a futtat\u00e1skor.<\/p>\n

A boobstrap a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben «sablonok» \u00e9s «rendszerek» haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t javasolja, amelyek l\u00e9nyege, hogy a «sablonok» (bootstrap-templates\/) r\u00e9v\u00e9n gyorsan rendszereket telep\u00edtsen f\u00e1jlokb\u00f3l, m\u00edg a «rendszerek» (bootstrap-systems\/) a v\u00e9gs\u0151 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3k be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a boobstrap\/bootstrap-templates\/crux_gnulinux-embedded.bbuild skriptus futtat\u00e1sa telep\u00edti a CRUX GNU\/Linux minim\u00e1lis rendszerkonfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t, \u00e9s elmenti azt a crux_gnulinux-embedded.rootfs f\u00e1jlba. Ezut\u00e1n futtatja a boobstrap\/bootstrap-systems\/default\/crux_gnulinux.bbuild-t, amely bet\u00f6lti az eml\u00edtett f\u00e1jlb\u00f3l a kezdeti konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t, elv\u00e9gzi az \u00f6sszes sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st, \u00e9s el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edti az indul\u00f3 ISO-t. Ez k\u00e9nyelmes, ha p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul sok rendszer haszn\u00e1l azonos konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t: hogy ne kelljen minden alkalommal ugyanazokat a csomagokat le\u00edrni, egy sablont haszn\u00e1l, amely alapj\u00e1n m\u00e1r l\u00e9trehozza a v\u00e9gs\u0151 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 rendszerind\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00e9peket.<\/p>\n

Hol haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 mindez?<\/p>\n

A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t egyszer \u00e1ll\u00edtja be egy f\u00e1jlban, \u00e9s annak futtat\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9p\u00edti vagy friss\u00edti azt. A rendszer tmpfs-en m\u0171k\u00f6dik, ami l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben egyszer haszn\u00e1latos. Ha a rendszer meghib\u00e1sodik, egy gombnyom\u00e1ssal visszat\u00e9r az alap\u00e1llapotba. Nyugodtan v\u00e9grehajthatja a rm -rf \/ parancsot.<\/p>\n

Minden rendszer konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t helyben \u00e1ll\u00edthatja be, k\u00e9peket k\u00e9sz\u00edthet, tesztelheti azokat virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pen vagy k\u00fcl\u00f6n «hardveren», majd felt\u00f6ltheti \u0151ket a t\u00e1voli szerverre, \u00e9s mind\u00f6ssze k\u00e9t parancs futtat\u00e1s\u00e1val: kexec -l \\\/vmlinuz —initrd=\\\/initrd && kexec -e friss\u00edtheti az eg\u00e9sz rendszert, \u00fajraind\u00edtva azt a tmpfs-be.<\/p>\n

Hasonl\u00f3 m\u00f3don minden rendszert \u00e1t tud ford\u00edtani, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul VDS-re, tmpfs-en t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sre, \u00e9s a \/dev\/vda meghajt\u00f3t titkos\u00edthatja, hogy csak adatokat t\u00e1roljon rajta, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert azon kellene tartania. Az egyetlen \"inform\u00e1ci\u00f3sziv\u00e1rg\u00e1si pont\" ebben az esetben csak a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pe mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1nak \"hideg ment\u00e9se\" lesz, \u00e9s ha a rendszer kompromitt\u00e1l\u00f3dik (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul SSH jelsz\u00f3 felt\u00f6r\u00e9s\u00e9vel vagy az Exim sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9vel), \u00faj ISO-t t\u00f6lthet fel a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3ja \"vez\u00e9rl\u0151pultj\u00e1n\" kereszt\u00fcl, hogy a VDS-t \u00fajra \u00fczembe helyezze, mik\u00f6zben ne felejtse el m\u00f3dos\u00edtani a rendszer konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek lez\u00e1r\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Ez gyorsabb, mint az \u00fajratelep\u00edt\u00e9s, a subsequent be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s\/vagy a vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s a biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9sb\u0151l, hiszen l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben az \u00fajraind\u00edtott ISO a rendszer\u00e9vel az az \u00d6n biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9se. \"H\u00e9t baj - egy Reset.\"<\/p>\n

V\u00e9g\u00fcl b\u00e1rmilyen disztrib\u00faci\u00f3t l\u00e9trehozhat a feladatainak megfelel\u0151en, r\u00f6gz\u00edtheti USB meghajt\u00f3ra \u00e9s abban dolgozhat, friss\u00edtve sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n \u00e9s \u00fajra r\u00f6gz\u00edtve azt az USB meghajt\u00f3ra. Minden adatot a \"felh\u0151kben\" t\u00e1rolhat. T\u00f6bb\u00e9 nem kell agg\u00f3dnia a rendszer v\u00e9delme miatt, \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9st k\u00e9sz\u00edtenie, amikor a rendszer, ism\u00e9tlem, l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben \"egyszer haszn\u00e1latos\" lett.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nnek \u00f6r\u00f6mmel fogadjuk javaslatait, megjegyz\u00e9seit \u00e9s \u00e9szrev\u00e9teleit.<\/p>\n

A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 linken tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban r\u00e9szletes README-f\u00e1jl (angol nyelven) tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, amely bemutatja az egyes utilit\u00e1sokat \u00e9s haszn\u00e1lati p\u00e9ld\u00e1kat, valamint r\u00e9szletes dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3 oroszul \u00e9s a fejleszt\u00e9si t\u00f6rt\u00e9net is el\u00e9rhet\u0151 az al\u00e1bbi linken: Boobstrap ind\u00edt\u00f3 szkriptek komplexuma<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c boobstrap, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 GNU\/Linux. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 chroot, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f initramfs-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 chroot, \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ISO-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. boobstrap \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":85960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Boobstrap ind\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9pek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa v1.0 | ProHoster","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hu_HU","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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