{"id":90050,"date":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","slug":"google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","title":{"rendered":"A Google megkezdte az M:N folyamatmodellek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak nyit\u00e1s\u00e1t.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A Google v\u00e1llalat aj\u00e1nlotta<\/a><\/noindex> A Linux kernel patch set has been introduced that implements the components necessary for the operation of the M:N threading model. This initiative by Google is associated with the unveiling of an API that had been developed behind closed doors. SwitchTo<\/a><\/noindex> The Linux kernel supports a user-space multi-threading subsystem that applies the M:N thread model. This subsystem is utilized by Google to ensure the operation of services that require minimal latency. Thread scheduling and management are entirely conducted in user space, which significantly reduces the number of context-switching operations by minimizing system call executions.<\/p>\n

A Linux kernel-level API SwitchTo has been implemented to ensure the operation of the specified subsystem, offering three basic operations \u2014 wait, resume, and swap (switching). The code for the new operation FUTEX_SWAP, which complements it, has been proposed for inclusion in the kernel. FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE<\/a><\/noindex>, and provides a foundation for creating multi-threaded libraries in user space. FUTEX_SWAP can also be used to send messages between tasks, similar to RPC. For instance, currently, in order to send a message between tasks, at least four calls to FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE must be executed, while using FUTEX_SWAP would allow for just one operation, which would execute 5-10 times faster.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Currently, primarily 1:1 and N:1 thread models are in practice. The 1:1 model is used in NPTL<\/a><\/noindex> (POSIX threads) and LinuxThreads<\/a><\/noindex>, and implies a direct mapping of user space threads to scheduling units in the kernel. The N:1 model is implemented in GNU Pth<\/a><\/noindex>, which shifts thread dispatching to user space and allows N user space threads to be bound to a single kernel thread, with the kernel remaining unaware of the user space threads.<\/p>\n

The main drawback of the 1:1 model is the high overhead of context switching between the kernel and user space. The N:1 model solves this problem but creates a new one \u2014 since a thread in the kernel is an indivisible unit of scheduling, user threads bound to a single kernel thread cannot scale across CPU cores and remain tied to a single CPU core.<\/p>\n

Az M:N modell hibrid megold\u00e1s, amely megsz\u00fcnteti az \u00f6sszes fent eml\u00edtett h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyt az N felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i folyamat M magban l\u00e9v\u0151 folyamatokkal val\u00f3 p\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a kontextusv\u00e1lt\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a CPU magok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti sk\u00e1l\u00e1z\u00e1st. Ennek a megold\u00e1snak az \u00e1ra a sz\u00e1l\u00fctemez\u0151 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak jelent\u0151s bonyol\u00edt\u00e1sa a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben, valamint a nukle\u00e1ris \u00fctemez\u0151vel val\u00f3 egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s mechanizmus\u00e1nak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9ge.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Vide\u00f3\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Google \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 API SwitchTo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 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