{"id":91188,"date":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni"},"modified":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","slug":"kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","title":{"rendered":"K\u00edna elkezdte blokkolni az HTTPS kapcsolatok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t a TLS 1.3 \u00e9s az ESNI protokollal.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00edna bevezette<\/a><\/noindex> a blokkol\u00e1st<\/a><\/noindex> minden HTTPS-kapcsolat eset\u00e9n, amely a TLS 1.3 protokollt \u00e9s az ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication) TLS-kiterjeszt\u00e9st haszn\u00e1lja, amely titkos\u00edtja a k\u00e9rdezett hosztra vonatkoz\u00f3 adatokat. A blokkol\u00e1s tranzit\u00fatv\u00e1laszt\u00f3kon t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, mind a K\u00edn\u00e1b\u00f3l a k\u00fclvil\u00e1gba, mind a k\u00fclvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l K\u00edn\u00e1ba ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 kapcsolatok eset\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

A blokkol\u00e1s a kliens \u00e9s a szerver k\u00f6z\u00f6tti csomagok eldob\u00e1sa r\u00e9v\u00e9n val\u00f3sul meg, nem pedig a kor\u00e1bban alkalmazott RST z\u00e1szl\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 csomagok behelyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel, amely a SNI tartalm\u00e1nak szelekt\u00edv blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1lt. Az ESNI csomag blokkol\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n 120 \u00e9s 180 m\u00e1sodperc k\u00f6z\u00f6tt minden, a forr\u00e1st\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 IP, a c\u00e9lig\u00e9nyelt IP \u00e9s a c\u00e9lport sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati csomag is blokkol\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl. A r\u00e9gebbi TLS verzi\u00f3k \u00e9s az ESNI n\u00e9lk\u00fcli TLS 1.3 alap\u00fa HTTPS-kapcsolatok norm\u00e1l m\u00f3don \u00e1tenged\u00e9sre ker\u00fclnek. <\/p>\n

Eml\u00e9keztetj\u00fck, hogy a t\u00f6bb HTTPS-weboldal egy IP-c\u00edmen t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u00e9s\u00e9re az SNI kiterjeszt\u00e9st fejlesztett\u00e9k ki, amely a ClientHello \u00fczenetben, a titkos\u00edtott kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa el\u0151tt, ny\u00edlt form\u00e1ban tov\u00e1bb\u00edtja a hosztn\u00e9v\u00e9t. Ez a tulajdons\u00e1g lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az internetszolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy szelekt\u00edven sz\u0171rje a HTTPS-forgalmat, \u00e9s elemezze, hogy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 milyen weboldalakat nyit meg, ami nem teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9 a teljes mag\u00e1n\u00e9let meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t a HTTPS alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

Az \u00faj TLS-kiterjeszt\u00e9s, az ECH (kor\u00e1bban ESNI), amely a TLS 1.3-mal egy\u00fctt alkalmazhat\u00f3, megsz\u00fcnteti ezt a h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyt, \u00e9s teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben kiz\u00e1rja a k\u00e9rt weboldalra vonatkoz\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k kisziv\u00e1rg\u00e1s\u00e1t a HTTPS-kapcsolatok elemz\u00e9se sor\u00e1n. A tartalomk\u00e9zbes\u00edt\u0151 h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton val\u00f3 keres\u00e9ssel kombin\u00e1lva az ECH\/ESNI alkalmaz\u00e1sa lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 el\u0151l elrejts\u00fck a k\u00e9rdezett er\u0151forr\u00e1s IP-c\u00edm\u00e9t is. A forgalmi ellen\u0151rz\u0151 rendszerek csak a CDN-hez ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 k\u00e9relmeket fogj\u00e1k l\u00e1tni, \u00e9s nem tudj\u00e1k alkalmazni a blokkol\u00e1st TLS-munkamenet hamis\u00edt\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, amely eset\u00e9n a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151j\u00e9ben megfelel\u0151 \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u00e9s jelenik meg a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny hamis\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A DNS tov\u00e1bbra is lehets\u00e9ges sziv\u00e1rg\u00e1si csatorna marad, de a kliens DNS-lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9s\u00e9nek elrejt\u00e9s\u00e9re DNS-over-HTTPS vagy DNS-over-TLS alkalmazhat\u00f3.<\/p>\n

A kutat\u00f3k m\u00e1r felfedeztek<\/a><\/noindex> T\u00f6bb kiskapu van a k\u00ednai blokkol\u00e1s \u00fcgyf\u00e9l- \u00e9s szerveroldali megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re, de ezek elavulhatnak, \u00e9s csak \u00e1tmeneti megold\u00e1sk\u00e9nt kell kezelni \u0151ket. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul jelenleg csak az ESNI 0xffce (encrypted_server_name) kiterjeszt\u00e9si azonos\u00edt\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 csomagokat blokkolj\u00e1k, amelyet a standard tervezet \u00f6t\u00f6dik verzi\u00f3j\u00e1ban<\/a><\/noindex>haszn\u00e1lnak, de a 0xff02 (encrypted_client_hello) aktu\u00e1lis azonos\u00edt\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 csomagok \u00e1tenged\u00e9sre ker\u00fclnek, amelyet javasoltak a ECH specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 hetedik tervezet\u00e9nek<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

M\u00e1sik megold\u00e1sk\u00e9nt nem szabv\u00e1nyos kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1si el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9si folyamat alkalmazhat\u00f3, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a blokkol\u00e1s nem l\u00e9p \u00e9letbe, ha egy hamis sorrendi sz\u00e1m\u00fa SYN-csomagot el\u0151re k\u00fcldenek, manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3k csomagfragment\u00e1ci\u00f3s z\u00e1szl\u00f3kkal, FIN \u00e9s SYN z\u00e1szl\u00f3kkal rendelkez\u0151 csomag k\u00fcld\u00e9se, hib\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u0151 \u00f6sszeggel rendelkez\u0151 RST-csomag becsatol\u00e1sa, vagy a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9se el\u0151tt SYN \u00e9s ACK z\u00e1szl\u00f3kkal rendelkez\u0151 csomag k\u00fcld\u00e9se. Az itt le\u00edrt m\u00f3dszereket m\u00e1r megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k egy plugin form\u00e1j\u00e1ban a Genf<\/a><\/noindex>, fejlesztett<\/a><\/noindex> cenz\u00far\u00e1z\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 HTTPS-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b TLS 1.3 \u0438 TLS-\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication), \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 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