{"id":91646,"date":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1"},"modified":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","modified_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","slug":"kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan h\u00e1r\u00edtsuk el a hazai IPsec VPN probl\u00e9m\u00e1it. 1. r\u00e9sz.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hogyan
\n<\/p>\n

Helyzet<\/h3>\n

\nKimeneti. K\u00e1v\u00e9t iszom. A hallgat\u00f3 VPN kapcsolatot \u00e1ll\u00edtott be k\u00e9t pont k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9s elt\u0171nt. Ellen\u0151rz\u00f6m: a tunel val\u00f3ban l\u00e9tezik, de a tunelben nincs forgalom. A hallgat\u00f3 nem v\u00e1laszol a h\u00edv\u00e1sokra.<\/p>\n

Kettle-t teszek fel, \u00e9s belemer\u00fcl\u00f6k a S-Terra Gateway hibaelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ba. Megosztom tapasztalataimat \u00e9s metodol\u00f3gi\u00e1mat.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1sadatok<\/h3>\n

\nK\u00e9t f\u00f6ldrajzilag elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtett helysz\u00edn GRE alag\u00fattal van \u00f6sszek\u00f6tve. A GRE-t titkos\u00edtani kell:<\/p>\n

\"Hogyan
\n
\nEllen\u0151rz\u00f6m a GRE alag\u00fat m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ehhez pingel\u00e9st ind\u00edtok az R1 eszk\u00f6zr\u0151l a GRE interf\u00e9szre az R2 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n. Ez a c\u00e9lforgalom a titkos\u00edt\u00e1shoz. Nincs v\u00e1lasz:<\/p>\n

root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) b\u00e1jt adat.\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping statisztik\u00e1k ---\n4 csomag k\u00fcldve, 0 fogadva, 100% csomagvesztes\u00e9g, id\u0151 3057ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e9zem a napl\u00f3kat a Gate1 \u00e9s Gate2-n. A napl\u00f3 \u00f6r\u00f6mmel jelenti, hogy az IPsec alag\u00fat sikeresen l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt, nincsenek probl\u00e9m\u00e1k:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# cat \/var\/log\/cspvpngate.log\nAug  5 16:14:23 localhost  vpnsvc: 00100119  IPSec kapcsolat 5 l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt, forgalmi v\u00e1laszt\u00f3 172.17.0.1->172.16.0.1, protokoll 47, partner 10.10.10.251, azonos\u00edt\u00f3 \"10.10.10.251\", Sz\u0171r\u0151\nIPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, IPsecAction IPsecAction:CMAP:1, IKERule IKERule:CMAP:1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAz IPsec alag\u00fat statisztik\u00e1iban a Gate1-en l\u00e1tom, hogy az alag\u00fat val\u00f3ban l\u00e9tezik, de az Rcvd sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3 null\u00e1zva van:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP \u00fcl\u00e9sek: 0 kezdem\u00e9nyezett, 0 v\u00e1laszolt\n\nISAKMP kapcsolatok:\nNum Conn-id (Helyi IP,Port)-(T\u00e1v IP,Port) \u00c1llapot K\u00fcld\u00f6tt Fogadott\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) akt\u00edv 1070 1014\n\nIPsec kapcsolatok:\nNum Conn-id (Helyi IP,Port)-(T\u00e1v IP,Port) Protokoll M\u0171velet T\u00edpus K\u00fcld\u00f6tt Fogadott\n1 3 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunn 480 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nA S-Terra hibaelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1st \u00fagy v\u00e9gzem, hogy megkeresem, hol vesznek el a c\u00e9lcsomagok az R1-R2 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. K\u00f6zben (spoiler) hib\u00e1t tal\u00e1lok.<\/p>\n
Hibaelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s<\/h3>\n
\n1. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Mit kap a Gate1 az R1-t\u0151l<\/b><\/p>\n
Be\u00e9p\u00edtett csomagn\u00e9z\u0151t \u2013 tcpdump \u2013 haszn\u00e1lok. A csomagn\u00e9z\u0151t elind\u00edtom a bels\u0151 (Gi0\/1 a Cisco-st\u00edlusban vagy eth1 a Debian OS-ben) interf\u00e9szen:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# tcpdump -i eth1\n\ntcpdump: a r\u00e9szletes kimenet elnyomva, haszn\u00e1lja a -v vagy -vv-t a teljes protokoll dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz\nfigyelek az eth1-en, link-t\u00edpus EN10MB (Ethernet), r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00e9ret 262144 b\u00e1jt\n14:53:38.879525 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, kulcs=0x1, hossz 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo k\u00e9r\u00e9s, id 2083, seq 1, hossz 64\n14:53:39.896869 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, kulcs=0x1, hossz 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo k\u00e9r\u00e9s, id 2083, seq 2, hossz 64\n14:53:40.921121 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, kulcs=0x1, hossz 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo k\u00e9r\u00e9s, id 2083, seq 3, hossz 64\n14:53:41.944958 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, kulcs=0x1, hossz 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo k\u00e9r\u00e9s, id 2083, seq 4, hossz 64<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy a Gate1 GRE csomagokat kap az R1-t\u0151l. Tov\u00e1bb haladok.<\/p>\n
2. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Mit csin\u00e1l a Gate1 a GRE csomagokkal<\/b><\/p>\n
A klogview seg\u00e9dprogramot haszn\u00e1lva n\u00e9zem, mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a GRE csomagokkal bel\u00fcl VPN<\/a> a S-Terra meghajt\u00f3ban:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nsz\u0171r\u00e9si eredm\u00e9ny kimen\u0151 csomagra 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 47, hossz 112, ha eth0: l\u00e1nc 4 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\", sz\u0171r\u0151 8, esem\u00e9ny azonos\u00edt\u00f3 IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, \u00e1llapot PASS\ncsomag kapszul\u00e1z\u00e1sa SA 31: 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 47, hossz 112, ha eth0\nkimen\u0151 csomag \u00e1thaladt 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, protokoll 50, hossz 160, ha eth0: kapszul\u00e1zva\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy a c\u00e9lnak megfelel\u0151 GRE forgalom (protokoll 47) 172.16.0.1 -> 172.17.0.1 beker\u00fclt (PASS) a LIST titkos\u00edt\u00e1si szab\u00e1ly al\u00e1 a titkos\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen CMAP, \u00e9s titkos\u00edtva lett (burkolva). A csomagot ezut\u00e1n tov\u00e1bbir\u00e1ny\u00edtott\u00e1k (kimen\u0151 csomag). Nincs v\u00e1laszforgalom a klogview kimenet\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n
Ellen\u0151rz\u00f6m a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si list\u00e1kat a Gate1 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n. L\u00e1tom, hogy van egy hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista, a LIST, amely meghat\u00e1rozza a c\u00e9lnak megfelel\u0151 forgalmat a titkos\u00edt\u00e1shoz, teh\u00e1t a M\u00c1K szab\u00e1lyok nincsenek be\u00e1ll\u00edtva:<\/p>\n
Gate1#show access-lists\nKiterjesztett IP hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista LIST\n    10 enged\u00e9lyezett gre host 172.16.0.1 host 172.17.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKimenet: a probl\u00e9ma nem a Gate1 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n van.<\/p>\n
Tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 a klogview-r\u00f3l<\/b><\/p>\n
A VPN illeszt\u0151program az \u00f6sszes h\u00e1l\u00f3zati forgalmat kezeli, nem csak azt, amelyet titkos\u00edtani kell. Ezek az \u00fczenetek l\u00e1that\u00f3k a klogview- ban, ha a VPN illeszt\u0151program a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati forgalmat kezelte, \u00e9s azt titkos\u00edtatlan form\u00e1ban tov\u00e1bb\u00edtotta:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 172.17.0.1 -c 4<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nsz\u0171r\u00e9si eredm\u00e9ny kimen\u0151 csomagra 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 1, hossz 84, ha eth0: l\u00e1nc 4 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\": nincs egyez\u00e9s\nkimen\u0151 csomag \u00e1thaladt 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 1, hossz 84, ha eth0: sz\u0171rve<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy az ICMP forgalom (protokoll 1) 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 nem ker\u00fclt (nincs egyez\u00e9s) a titkos\u00edt\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok al\u00e1 a titkos\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen CMAP. A csomagot nyitott form\u00e1ban tov\u00e1bbir\u00e1ny\u00edtott\u00e1k (kimen\u0151 csomag).<\/p>\n
3. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Mit kap Gate2 Gate1-t\u0151l<\/b><\/p>\n
Elind\u00edtom a sniffert a WAN (eth0) interf\u00e9szen Gate2-n:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# tcpdump -i eth0\ntcpdump: r\u00e9szletes kimenet elrejtve, haszn\u00e1lja a -v vagy -vv opci\u00f3t a teljes protokoll dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz\nfigyel\u00e9s az eth0-n, link-t\u00edpus EN10MB (Ethernet), r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00e9ret 262144 byte\n16:05:45.104195 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x1), hossz 140\n16:05:46.093918 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x2), hossz 140\n16:05:47.117078 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x3), hossz 140\n16:05:48.141785 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x4), hossz 140<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy Gate2 ESP csomagokat kap Gate1-t\u0151l.<\/p>\n
4. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Mit csin\u00e1l Gate2 az ESP csomagokkal<\/b><\/p>\n
Elind\u00edtom a klogview eszk\u00f6zt a Gate2-n:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nsz\u0171r\u00e9si eredm\u00e9ny bej\u00f6v\u0151 csomagra 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, protokoll 50, hossz 160, ha eth0: l\u00e1nc 17 \"FilterChain:L3VPN\", sz\u0171r\u0151 21, \u00e1llapot DROP\negy csomag letiltva 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, protokoll 50, hossz 160, ha eth0: t\u0171zfal\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy az ESP csomagok (protokoll 50) el lettek dobva (DROP) a t\u0171zfal (L3VPN) \u00e1ltal. Meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00f6m r\u00f3la, hogy a Gi0\/0 val\u00f3ban kapcsol\u00f3dik a L3VPN hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si list\u00e1hoz:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show ip interface gi0\/0\nGigabitEthernet0\/0 fel van \u00e1ll\u00edtva, vonali protokoll fel van \u00e1ll\u00edtva\n  Internet c\u00edm 10.10.10.252\/24\n  MTU 1500 byte\n  Kimen\u0151 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista nincs be\u00e1ll\u00edtva\n  Bej\u00f6v\u0151 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista: L3VPN<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nFelfedeztem a probl\u00e9m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
5. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Mi nem stimmel a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si list\u00e1val
\n<\/b>
\nMegn\u00e9zem, mire val\u00f3 a L3VPN hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit icmp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e1tom, hogy az ISAKMP csomagok enged\u00e9lyezve vannak, \u00edgy IPsec alag\u00fat l\u00e9tes\u00fcl. De az ESP-hez enged\u00e9lyez\u0151 szab\u00e1ly nem tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a di\u00e1k \u00f6sszezavarta az icmp-t \u00e9s az esp-t.<\/p>\n
Jav\u00edtom a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si list\u00e1t:<\/p>\n
Gate2(config)#\nip access-list extended L3VPN\nno 30\n30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n6. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Ellen\u0151rz\u00f6m a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st<\/b><\/p>\n
El\u0151sz\u00f6r is meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00f6m arr\u00f3l, hogy a L3VPN hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si lista helyes:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMost az R1 eszk\u00f6zr\u0151l ind\u00edtom a c\u00e9lforgalmat:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=35.3 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=3.01 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.65 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=2.87 ms\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping statisztika ---\n4 csomagot k\u00fcldtek, 4-et fogadtak, 0% csomagvesztes\u00e9g, id\u0151 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 2.650\/10.970\/35.338\/14.069 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nGy\u0151zelem. A GRE alag\u00fat l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt. Az IPsec statisztik\u00e1kban az \u00e9rkez\u0151 forgalom sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3ja nem nulla:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP session\u00f6k: 0 ind\u00edtott, 0 v\u00e1laszolt\n\nISAKMP kapcsolatok:\nNum Conn-id (Helyi c\u00edm,Port)-(T\u00e1voli c\u00edm,Port) \u00c1llapot Elk\u00fcldve Fogadva\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) akt\u00edv 1474 1350\n\nIPsec kapcsolatok:\nNum Conn-id (Helyi c\u00edm,Port)-(T\u00e1voli c\u00edm,Port) Protokoll Akci\u00f3 T\u00edpus Elk\u00fcldve Fogadva\n1 4 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunn 1920 480<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nA Gate2 \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3n a klogview kimenet\u00e9ben megjelentek \u00fczenetek, miszerint a c\u00e9lforgalom 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 sikeresen (PASS) dek\u00f3dolva lett a LIST szab\u00e1ly alapj\u00e1n a CMAP titkos\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nsz\u0171r\u00e9si eredm\u00e9ny bej\u00f6v\u0151 csomagra 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 47, hossz 112, ha eth0: l\u00e1nc 18 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\", sz\u0171r\u0151 25, esem\u00e9ny azonos\u00edt\u00f3 IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, \u00e1llapot PASS\nbej\u00f6v\u0151 csomag \u00e1thaladt 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, protokoll 47, hossz 112, ha eth0: dekapszul\u00e1zva<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u00d6sszegz\u00e9s<\/b><\/p>\n
A di\u00e1k elrontotta a kimeneti adatokat. 
\n\u00d3vatosabban a M\u00c9 szab\u00e1lyokkal.<\/p>\n
N\u00e9vtelen m\u00e9rn\u00f6k
\nt.me\/anonimous_engineer<\/i>
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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