{"id":91731,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","slug":"nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"Kicsit a SMART-r\u00f3l \u00e9s a megfigyel\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kr\u0151l","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton rengeteg inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a SMART-r\u00f3l \u00e9s az attrib\u00fatumok jelent\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l. De nem tal\u00e1lkoztam eml\u00edt\u00e9sekkel n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fontos pontr\u00f3l, amelyr\u0151l a t\u00e1rol\u00e1si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k kutat\u00e1s\u00e1val foglalkoz\u00f3 emberekt\u0151l tudok.<\/p>\n

Amikor legut\u00f3bb mes\u00e9ltem egy ismer\u0151s\u00f6mnek arr\u00f3l, hogy mi\u00e9rt nem szabad felt\u00e9tel n\u00e9lk\u00fcl b\u00edzni a SMART-adatokban, \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt jobb nem haszn\u00e1lni a klasszikus \u201eSMART-monitorokat\u201d folyamatosan, eszembe jutott, hogy jegyzetelhetn\u00e9m a mondottakat egy t\u00e9zissorozat form\u00e1j\u00e1ban magyar\u00e1zatokkal. Hogy linkeket adhassak, ahelyett, hogy minden alkalommal \u00fajra elmondan\u00e1m. \u00c9s hogy a nagyk\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra is \u00e9rthet\u0151 legyen.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1) Az SMART-attrib\u00fatumok automatikus nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 programokat nagy \u00f3vatoss\u00e1ggal kell haszn\u00e1lni.<\/b><\/p>\n

Amit SMART-attrib\u00fatumoknak ismer, az nem k\u00e9szenl\u00e9ti form\u00e1ban t\u00e1rol\u00f3dik, hanem akkor gener\u00e1l\u00f3dik, amikor lek\u00e9rdezi \u0151ket. Ezeket bels\u0151 statisztik\u00e1k alapj\u00e1n sz\u00e1m\u00edtj\u00e1k ki, amelyeket a t\u00e1rol\u00f3 mikroprogramja a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s sor\u00e1n gy\u0171jt \u00f6ssze \u00e9s haszn\u00e1l. <\/p>\n

Ezeknek az adatoknak egy r\u00e9sze az eszk\u00f6z alapfunkci\u00f3inak biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges. \u00c9s ez nem t\u00e1rol\u00f3dik, hanem minden alkalommal megform\u00e1l\u00f3dik, amikor sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van r\u00e1. Ez\u00e9rt, amikor a SMART-attrib\u00fatumokat lek\u00e9rdezik, a mikroprogram sz\u00e1mos olyan folyamatot ind\u00edt el, amelyek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek a hi\u00e1nyz\u00f3 adatok megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez. <\/p>\n

De ezek a folyamatok rosszul kompatibilisek a t\u00e1rol\u00f3n v\u00e9gzett olvas\u00e1si-\u00edr\u00e1si m\u0171veletek sor\u00e1n v\u00e9grehajtott elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokkal.<\/p>\n

Ide\u00e1lis vil\u00e1gban ez nem okozhatna probl\u00e9m\u00e1t. De a val\u00f3s\u00e1gban a merevlemezek firmware-j\u00e1t \u00e1tlagos emberek \u00edrj\u00e1k. Akik t\u00e9vedhetnek, \u00e9s t\u00e9vednek is. Ez\u00e9rt, ha a SMART-attrib\u00fatumokat akt\u00edv olvas\u00e1si-\u00edr\u00e1si m\u0171veletek k\u00f6zben k\u00e9rdezi le az eszk\u00f6z, akkor drasztikusan megn\u0151 a val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ge annak, hogy valami ne \u00fagy alakul, ahogy k\u00e9ne. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul s\u00e9r\u00fclhetnek az adatok a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i olvas\u00e1si vagy \u00edr\u00e1si pufferben.<\/p>\n

A kock\u00e1zatok n\u00f6veked\u00e9se nem elm\u00e9leti okfejt\u00e9s, hanem gyakorlati megfigyel\u00e9s. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ismert egy hiba, amely a Samsung 103UI HDD firmware-j\u00e1val kapcsolatos, ahol a SMART-attrib\u00fatumok lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9se sor\u00e1n megs\u00e9r\u00fcltek a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i adatok.<\/p>\n

Ez\u00e9rt ne \u00e1ll\u00edtsa be az automatikus SMART attrib\u00fatum ellen\u0151rz\u00e9st. Kiv\u00e9ve, ha pontosan tudja, hogy el\u0151tte kiadott parancs a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9re (Flush Cache). Vagy ha elker\u00fclhetetlen, akkor a lehet\u0151 legritk\u00e1bban \u00e1ll\u00edtsa be az ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t. Sok monitoroz\u00f3 program eset\u00e9n az alap\u00e9rtelmezett id\u0151 a vizsg\u00e1latok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10 perc. Ez t\u00fal gyakori. Ezek az ellen\u0151rz\u00e9sek \u00fagysem jelentenek biztos\u00edt\u00e9kot a merevlemez v\u00e1ratlan meghib\u00e1sod\u00e1sa ellen (a biztos\u00edt\u00e9k csak a tartal\u00e9k). Napi egyszeri ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s szerintem teljesen elegend\u0151.<\/p>\n

A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet lek\u00e9rdez\u00e9se a SMART attrib\u00fatumok sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak elind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz gyakran v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3. Mivel a helyes v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s eset\u00e9n ezt az SCT protokollon kereszt\u00fcl hajtj\u00e1k v\u00e9gre. Az SCT-n kereszt\u00fcl csak az ker\u00fcl megad\u00e1sra, ami m\u00e1r ismert. Ezek az adatok automatikusan friss\u00fclnek a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rben.<\/p>\n

2) A SMART attrib\u00fatumok adatai gyakran megb\u00edzhatatlanok.<\/b><\/p>\n

A merevlemez mikroprogramja azt mutatja, amit sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesnek tart, nem pedig azt, ami val\u00f3j\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A legszembet\u0171n\u0151bb p\u00e9lda az 5-\u00f6s attrib\u00fatum, az \u00fajrasz\u00fcletett szektorok sz\u00e1ma. Az adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1si szakemberek j\u00f3l tudj\u00e1k, hogy a merevlemez az \u00f6t\u00f6dik attrib\u00fatumban nulla \u00fajrasz\u00fcletett szektort mutathat, mik\u00f6zben azok jelen vannak \u00e9s tov\u00e1bbra is megjelennek. <\/p>\n

K\u00e9rd\u00e9st tettem fel egy szakembernek, aki merevlemezekkel foglalkozik \u00e9s azok mikroprogramjait vizsg\u00e1lja. Tudakoltam, mi az elv, amely alapj\u00e1n az eszk\u00f6z firmware-je azt d\u00f6nti el, hogy mikor kell elrejteni a szektorok \u00fajrasz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e9ny\u00e9t, \u00e9s mikor lehet err\u0151l besz\u00e9lni a SMART attrib\u00fatumokon kereszt\u00fcl.<\/p>\n

\u0150 v\u00e1laszolta, hogy nincs \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos szab\u00e1ly, amely szerint az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k megmutatj\u00e1k vagy elrejtik a val\u00f3s k\u00e9pet. A merevlemezek firmware-j\u00e9t \u00edr\u00f3 programoz\u00f3k logik\u00e1ja id\u0151nk\u00e9nt nagyon furcs\u00e1n t\u0171nik. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 modellek firmware-j\u00e9t tanulm\u00e1nyozva l\u00e1tta, hogy gyakran a \"elrejteni vagy megmutatni\" d\u00f6nt\u00e9se olyan param\u00e9terek kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1n alapul, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem vil\u00e1gos, hogyan kapcsol\u00f3dnak egym\u00e1shoz \u00e9s a merevlemez fennmarad\u00f3 er\u0151forr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n

3) A SMART param\u00e9terek \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se gy\u00e1rt\u00f3specifikus.<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a S.M.A.R.T. adatokn\u00e1l \u00e9rdemes figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyni az 1-es \u00e9s 7-es attrib\u00fatumok \"rossz\" nyers \u00e9rt\u00e9keit, am\u00edg a t\u00f6bbi norm\u00e1lis. E gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 lemezein ezek az abszol\u00fat \u00e9rt\u00e9kek a norm\u00e1l haszn\u00e1lat sor\u00e1n n\u00f6vekedhetnek.<\/p>\n

\"Kicsit
\n
\nA merevlemez \u00e1llapot\u00e1nak \u00e9s h\u00e1tral\u00e9v\u0151 \u00e9lettartam\u00e1nak felm\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez els\u0151sorban a 5, 196, 197, 198-as param\u00e9terekre \u00e9rdemes figyelni. \u00c9s \u00e9rdemes az abszol\u00fat, nyers \u00e9rt\u00e9kekre (raw) t\u00e1maszkodni, nem a normaliz\u00e1ltakra. Az attrib\u00fatumok normaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3 m\u00f3dokon, elt\u00e9r\u0151 algoritmusokban \u00e9s firmware-ekben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nhet. <\/p>\n

A szakemberek k\u00f6r\u00e9ben, amikor az attrib\u00fatum \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9r\u0151l besz\u00e9lnek, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban az abszol\u00fat \u00e9rt\u00e9ket \u00e9rtik.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e SMART \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c SMART \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u041c\u0410\u0420\u0422\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47N\u00e9h\u00e1ny sz\u00f3 a S.M.A.R.T.-r\u00f3l \u00e9s a monitoroz\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kr\u0151l | ProHoster","description":"Az interneten rengeteg inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a S.M.A.R.T.-r\u00f3l \u00e9s az attrib\u00fatum 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