{"id":92397,"date":"2020-08-26T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco"},"modified":"2020-08-26T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:42:18","slug":"svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco","title":{"rendered":"Saj\u00e1t hardver vagy felh\u0151: sz\u00e1moljuk a TCO-t","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Viszonylag nemr\u00e9giben a Cloud4Y rendezett <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IK8G3hHqcMI\">webin\u00e1riumot<\/a><\/noindex>, amely a TCO, azaz a teljes birtokl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek k\u00e9rd\u00e9seinek volt szentelve. Rengeteg k\u00e9rd\u00e9st kaptunk err\u0151l a t\u00e9m\u00e1r\u00f3l, ami azt mutatja, hogy a k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9g igyekszik meg\u00e9rteni ezt. Ha el\u0151sz\u00f6r hall egy TCO-r\u00f3l, vagy szeretn\u00e9 tudni, hogyan lehet helyesen \u00e9rt\u00e9kelni az el\u0151ny\u00f6ket a saj\u00e1t vagy felh\u0151infrastrukt\u00fara haszn\u00e1lata sor\u00e1n, \u00e9rdemes al\u00e1 n\u00e9zni<\/i>.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Amikor \u00faj berendez\u00e9sekbe \u00e9s szoftverekbe val\u00f3 beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sokr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, gyakran vit\u00e1k mer\u00fclnek fel arr\u00f3l, hogy milyen infrastrukt\u00fara-modellt \u00e9rdemes haszn\u00e1lni: on-premise, felh\u0151platform megold\u00e1sok vagy hibrid? Sokan az els\u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9get v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k, mert az \u201eolcs\u00f3bb\u201d \u00e9s \u201eminden k\u00e9zn\u00e9l van\u201d. A sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s nagyon egyszer\u0171en t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik: \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtj\u00e1k a saj\u00e1t berendez\u00e9sek \u00e1r\u00e1t \u00e9s a felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k d\u00edjait, majd levonj\u00e1k a k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9seket.<\/p>\n<p>Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s azonban hib\u00e1s. A Cloud4Y elmagyar\u00e1zza, mi\u00e9rt.<\/p>\n<p>Ahhoz, hogy helyesen v\u00e1laszoljunk a k\u00e9rd\u00e9sre, hogy \u201emennyibe ker\u00fcl a saj\u00e1t berendez\u00e9s vagy a felh\u0151\u201d, meg kell vizsg\u00e1lni az \u00f6sszes k\u00f6lts\u00e9get: t\u0151kek\u00f6lts\u00e9geket \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket. E c\u00e9lb\u00f3l vezett\u00e9k be a TCO-t - a teljes birtokl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9get. A TCO mag\u00e1ban foglalja az \u00f6sszes k\u00f6lts\u00e9get, amely k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl vagy k\u00f6zvetve kapcsol\u00f3dik az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek vagy a c\u00e9g hardver-szoftver komplexum\u00e1nak beszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez, bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s \u00fczemeltet\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>\n<p>Fontos meg\u00e9rteni, hogy a TCO nem egy egyszer\u0171, fix sz\u00e1m. Azoknak az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6knek a nagys\u00e1ga, amelyeket a v\u00e1llalat a berendez\u00e9s tulajdonos\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1l\u00e1sa pillanat\u00e1t\u00f3l kezdve fektet be, eg\u00e9szen addig, am\u00edg meg nem szabadul t\u0151le.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Hogyan tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k ki a TCO-t<\/h2>\n<p>\nA TCO (Total cost of ownership - Teljes birtokl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9g) kifejez\u00e9st hivatalosan a Gartner Group tan\u00e1csad\u00f3 c\u00e9g vezette be az 1980-as \u00e9vekben. Eredetileg sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek Wintel birtokl\u00e1s\u00e1nak p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi k\u00f6lts\u00e9geinek kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k tanulm\u00e1nyaikban, \u00e9s 1987-ben v\u00e9glegesen megfogalmazt\u00e1k a teljes birtokl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9g koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1t, amely az \u00fczleti \u00e9letben is elterjedt. Teh\u00e1t a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi szempontok elemz\u00e9s\u00e9nek modellje m\u00e1r a m\u00falt sz\u00e1zadban is kialakult!<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 TCO-kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si formul\u00e1t k\u00f6zkelet\u0171nek tekintik:<\/p>\n<p><i>TCO = T\u0151kek\u00f6lts\u00e9gek (<\/i><i><strong>CAPEX<\/strong><\/i><i>) + M\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek (<\/i><i><strong>OPEX<\/strong><\/i><i>)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>A t\u0151k\u00e9sek k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek (vagy egyszeri, fix) kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag az IT-rendszerek megv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9re vonatkoznak. T\u0151k\u00e9seknek h\u00edvj\u00e1k \u0151ket, mivel ezeket egyszer kell kifizetni, az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak kezdeti szakasz\u00e1ban. Ezek tov\u00e1bbi rendszeres k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket is vonnak maguk ut\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A projekt fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge;<\/li>\n<li>K\u00fcls\u0151 tan\u00e1csad\u00f3k d\u00edjai;<\/li>\n<li>Az alapvet\u0151 szoftver els\u0151 v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1sa;<\/li>\n<li>Kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 szoftver els\u0151 v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1sa;<\/li>\n<li>A hardver els\u0151 v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1sa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAz operat\u00edv k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl az IT-rendszerek \u00fczemeltet\u00e9se sor\u00e1n mer\u00fclnek fel. Ezek tartalmazz\u00e1k:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A rendszer karbantart\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s korszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge (szem\u00e9lyzet b\u00e9rk\u00f6lts\u00e9ge, k\u00fcls\u0151 tan\u00e1csad\u00f3k, kiszervez\u00e9s, k\u00e9pz\u00e9si programok, tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok megszerz\u00e9se stb.);<\/li>\n<li>A rendszer komplex menedzsmentj\u00e9nek k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei;<\/li>\n<li>A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00e1ltal az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek akt\u00edv haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val kapcsolatos k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAz \u00faj k\u00f6lts\u00e9gsz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl v\u00e1lt n\u00e9pszer\u0171v\u00e9 az \u00fczleti szektorban. A k\u00f6zvetlen k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek (berendez\u00e9sek k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge \u00e9s a karbantart\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyzet b\u00e9rk\u00f6lts\u00e9ge) mellett l\u00e9teznek k\u00f6zvetett k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek is. Ezek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl nem berendez\u00e9s \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1son r\u00e9szt vev\u0151 vezet\u0151k b\u00e9r\u00e9nek (IT igazgat\u00f3, k\u00f6nyvel\u0151), a rekl\u00e1mk\u00f6lts\u00e9gek, b\u00e9rleti d\u00edjak, reprezentat\u00edv k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek. Vannak a realiz\u00e1ci\u00f3n t\u00fali k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek is. Ezek alatt a v\u00e1llalat hitel- \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kpap\u00edr kamatkifizet\u00e9seit, a valuta volatilitas\u00e1b\u00f3l ad\u00f3d\u00f3 p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi vesztes\u00e9geket, a szerz\u0151d\u00e9ses ellenf\u00e9l fel\u00e9 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kifizet\u00e9sek b\u00edrs\u00e1gait \u00e9rtj\u00fck stb. Ezen adatokat is figyelembe kell venni a teljes tulajdonl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00e9plet\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f6lts\u00e9gsz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si p\u00e9lda<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnnak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy vil\u00e1gosabb legyen, soroljuk fel az \u00f6sszes v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3t a teljes tulajdonl\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00e9plet\u00fcnkben. Kezdj\u00fck a berendez\u00e9sek \u00e9s a szoftver t\u0151kek\u00f6lts\u00e9geivel. Az \u00f6sszes kiad\u00e1st a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kben foglaljuk \u00f6ssze:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Szerver berendez\u00e9sek<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszer<\/li>\n<li>Virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3s platform<\/li>\n<li>Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3biztons\u00e1gi berendez\u00e9sek (kript\u00f3sz\u00e1lak, t\u0171zfal stb.)<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e1l\u00f3zati berendez\u00e9sek<\/li>\n<li>Biztons\u00e1gi ment\u00e9si rendszer<\/li>\n<li>Internet (IP)<\/li>\n<li>Szoftverlicencek (v\u00edrusirt\u00f3 szoftver, Microsoft licencek, 1C stb.)<\/li>\n<li>Katasztr\u00f3fa\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1g (kett\u0151zve 2 adatk\u00f6zpontban, ha sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges)<\/li>\n<li>Elhelyez\u00e9s adatk\u00f6zpontban \/ plusz ter\u00fcletek b\u00e9rl\u00e9se<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00fcl figyelembe kell venni:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IT-infrastrukt\u00fara tervez\u00e9s (szakember felb\u00e9rel\u00e9se)<\/li>\n<li>Felszerel\u00e9si \u00e9s \u00fczembehelyez\u00e9si munk\u00e1k<\/li>\n<li>Infrastrukt\u00fara karbantart\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei (szem\u00e9lyzet b\u00e9re \u00e9s anyagk\u00f6lts\u00e9gek)<\/li>\n<li>Elmaradt nyeres\u00e9g<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00fcnk egy sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1st egy c\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Saj\u00e1t hardver vagy felh\u0151: sz\u00e1moljuk a TCO-t\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/da5942c96b21e64a9d58969b76849d8f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Saj\u00e1t hardver vagy felh\u0151: sz\u00e1moljuk a TCO-t\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1328791cbfa1b55ce40c013c3f00af3d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Saj\u00e1t hardver vagy felh\u0151: sz\u00e1moljuk a TCO-t\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/7f0e18576a3e37d1f3236c773a814045.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAhogy ebb\u0151l a p\u00e9ld\u00e1b\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, a felh\u0151s megold\u00e1sok nemcsak \u00e1rban hasonl\u00edthat\u00f3k \u00f6ssze a helysz\u00edni megold\u00e1sokkal, hanem m\u00e9g olcs\u00f3bbak is n\u00e1luk. Igen, az objekt\u00edv sz\u00e1mok meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz mindent magadnak kell kisz\u00e1molnod, ami nehezebb, mint azt mondani, hogy \"a saj\u00e1t hardware olcs\u00f3bb\". A j\u00f6v\u0151ben azonban a figyelmes megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s mindig eredm\u00e9nyesebb, mint a fel\u00fcletes. A m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek hat\u00e9kony kezel\u00e9se jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkentheti az IT-infrastrukt\u00fara \u00f6sszk\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s megtakar\u00edthat egy r\u00e9szt a k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9sb\u0151l, amelyet \u00faj projektekre lehet ford\u00edtani.<\/p>\n<p>Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl m\u00e1s \u00e9rvek is sz\u00f3lnak a felh\u0151k mellett. A v\u00e1llalat p\u00e9nzt takar\u00edt meg az egyszeri felszerel\u00e9s v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1nak elhagy\u00e1s\u00e1val, optimaliz\u00e1lja az ad\u00f3alapj\u00e1t, azonnali sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3s\u00e1got \u00e9r el, \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkenti az informatikai eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel val\u00f3 birtokl\u00e1s \u00e9s kezel\u00e9s kock\u00e1zatait.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mi m\u00e9g \u00e9rdekess\u00e9g a blogban <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloud4y.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=article\">Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/516078\/\">A mesters\u00e9ges intelligencia ism\u00e9t legy\u0151zte a F-16 pil\u00f3t\u00e1t l\u00e9gi harcban<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/514738\/\">\"Csin\u00e1ld magad\", vagy sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p Jugoszl\u00e1vi\u00e1b\u00f3l<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/514606\/\">Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok k\u00fcl\u00fcgyminiszt\u00e9riuma l\u00e9trehozza a saj\u00e1t nagy t\u0171zfal\u00e1t<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/505000\/\">A mesters\u00e9ges intelligencia a forradalomr\u00f3l \u00e9nekel<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/490734\/\">H\u00fasv\u00e9ti toj\u00e1sok a sv\u00e1jci topogr\u00e1fiai t\u00e9rk\u00e9peken<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Iratkozzon fel az <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/cloud4y\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-csatorna, hogy ne maradj le a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 cikkr\u0151l. Hetente legfeljebb k\u00e9tszer \u00edrunk, csak l\u00e9nyeges inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kban.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/516456\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e Cloud4Y \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c TCO, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e TCO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 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