{"id":94388,"date":"2020-09-16T07:43:39","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T05:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/hranenie-dannyh-v-klastere-kubernetes"},"modified":"2020-09-16T07:43:39","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T05:43:39","slug":"hranenie-dannyh-v-klastere-kubernetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/hranenie-dannyh-v-klastere-kubernetes","title":{"rendered":"Adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1s Kubernetes klaszterben","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Kubernetes klaszterben fut\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1sok adatainak t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1t t\u00f6bbf\u00e9lek\u00e9ppen lehet be\u00e1ll\u00edtani. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00f3dszer elavult, m\u00edg m\u00e1sok nemr\u00e9giben jelentek meg. Ebben a cikkben a h\u00e1rom t\u00e1rol\u00f3csatlakoz\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9g koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1ljuk meg, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a leg\u00fajabbat \u2014 a Container Storage Interface-en kereszt\u00fcli csatlakoz\u00e1st.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1s Kubernetes klaszterben\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/c045dc02cc4db1a0693730574a02eb4a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sposob-1-ukazanie-pv-v-manifeste-poda\">1. m\u00f3dszer: PV megad\u00e1sa a pod manifesztj\u00e9ben<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tipikus manifeszt, amely egy podot \u00edr le a Kubernetes klaszterben: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1s Kubernetes klaszterben\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1df1b236df758f4a4a18905d31413617.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A manifeszt azon r\u00e9szei, ahol meg van hat\u00e1rozva, hogy melyik k\u00f6tet ker\u00fcl csatlakoztat\u00e1sra \u00e9s hov\u00e1, sz\u00ednk\u00f3dolva vannak.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A r\u00e9szben <strong>volumeMounts<\/strong> megadja a csatlakoz\u00e1si pontokat (mountPath) \u2014 hogy melyik k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba ker\u00fcl a tart\u00f3s k\u00f6tet a kont\u00e9neren bel\u00fcl, valamint a k\u00f6tet nev\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A r\u00e9szben <strong>x<\/strong> felsorolj\u00e1k az \u00f6sszes k\u00f6tetet, amelyek a podban haszn\u00e1latban vannak. Megadj\u00e1k mindegyik k\u00f6tet nev\u00e9t, valamint a t\u00edpus\u00e1t (ebben az esetben: awsElasticBlockStore) \u00e9s a csatlakoz\u00e1si param\u00e9tereket. Az, hogy pontosan mely param\u00e9terek ker\u00fclnek megad\u00e1sra a manifesztben, a k\u00f6tet t\u00edpus\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ugyanaz a k\u00f6tet egyidej\u0171leg t\u00f6bb kont\u00e9nerben is csatlakoztathat\u00f3 a podban. \u00cdgy az alkalmaz\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 folyamatai hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhetnek ugyanazokhoz az adatokhoz. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ezt a csatlakoz\u00e1si m\u00f3dot a kezdetekkor tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k ki, amikor a Kubernetes m\u00e9g kialakul\u00f3ban volt, \u00e9s manaps\u00e1g elavultnak sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Haszn\u00e1latakor t\u00f6bb probl\u00e9ma mer\u00fcl fel: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>minden k\u00f6tetet k\u00e9zzel kell l\u00e9trehozni, a Kubernetes nem tud semmit l\u00e9trehozni helyett\u00fcnk;<\/li>\n<li>minden k\u00f6tet hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si param\u00e9terei egyediek, \u00e9s ezeket minden pod manifesztj\u00e9ben meg kell adni, amely haszn\u00e1lja a k\u00f6tetet;<\/li>\n<li>ha meg szeretn\u00e9nk v\u00e1ltoztatni a t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszert (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, ha \u00e1t szeretn\u00e9nk k\u00f6lt\u00f6zni az AWS-b\u0151l a Google Cloudra), akkor a csatlakoztatott k\u00f6tetek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sait \u00e9s t\u00edpusait minden manifesztben meg kell v\u00e1ltoztatni.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mindez nagyon k\u00e9nyelmetlen, ez\u00e9rt a gyakorlatban ezt a m\u00f3dszert csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny speci\u00e1lis t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00f6tet csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k: configMap, secret, emptyDir, hostPath:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>configMap \u00e9s secret \u2014 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 k\u00f6tetek, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy a Kubernetes manifesztjeib\u0151l f\u00e1jlokkal rendelkez\u0151 k\u00f6tetet hozzunk l\u00e9tre a kont\u00e9nerben.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>emptyDir \u2014 ideiglenes k\u00f6tet, amely csak a pod \u00e9lettartama alatt l\u00e9tezik. K\u00e9nyelmes haszn\u00e1lni tesztel\u00e9shez vagy ideiglenes adatok t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Amikor a pod elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl, az emptyDir t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00f6tet is elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl, \u00e9s minden adat elt\u0171nik.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>A hostPath lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy egy alkalmaz\u00e1s kont\u00e9ner\u00e9be b\u00e1rmelyik helyi lemezmeghajt\u00f3 mapp\u00e1t csatlakoztassunk, amelyen az alkalmaz\u00e1s fut, bele\u00e9rtve az \/etc\/kubernetes-t is. Ez egy nem biztons\u00e1gos lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, ez\u00e9rt \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a biztons\u00e1gi politik\u00e1k megtiltj\u00e1k az ilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00f6tetek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t. Ellenkez\u0151 esetben a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1s csatlakozhat a saj\u00e1t kont\u00e9ner\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 HTC Kubernetes mapp\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s ellophatja az \u00f6sszes klasztert. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a hostPath k\u00f6tetek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t csak olyan rendszerszint\u0171 alkalmaz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra enged\u00e9lyezik, amelyek a kube-system n\u00e9vt\u00e9rben futnak.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/storage\/volumes\/#types-of-volumes\">Az adatok t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 rendszerek, amelyekkel a Kubernetes alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint m\u0171k\u00f6dik<\/a><\/noindex> megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3ban.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sposob-2-podklyuchenie-k-podam-scpvcpv\">2. m\u00f3dszer. Csatlakoz\u00e1s a podokhoz SC\/PVC\/PV<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Egy alternat\u00edv csatlakoz\u00e1si m\u00f3d a Storage class, PersistentVolumeClaim, PersistentVolume koncepci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><u>Storage class<\/u> t\u00e1rolja az adatkezel\u0151 rendszerhez val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1si param\u00e9tereket.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><u>PersistentVolumeClaim<\/u> le\u00edrja az alkalmaz\u00e1s \u00e1ltal ig\u00e9nyelt k\u00f6tet k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeit.<br \/>\n<u>PersistentVolume<\/u> t\u00e1rolja a k\u00f6tet el\u00e9r\u00e9si param\u00e9tereit \u00e9s \u00e1llapot\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Az \u00f6tlet l\u00e9nyege: a pod manifestben a PersistentVolumeClaim t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00f6tetet adjuk meg, \u00e9s a claimName param\u00e9terben megadjuk e l\u00e9nyeg nev\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1s Kubernetes klaszterben\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/08b0460be887d39801d1acb9ee1bbd2a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A PersistentVolumeClaim manifestben le\u00edrjuk az alkalmaz\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges adatok k\u00f6tet\u00e9nek k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeit, bele\u00e9rtve:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a lemez m\u00e9rete; <\/li>\n<li>a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si m\u00f3dszer: ReadWriteOnce vagy ReadWriteMany;<\/li>\n<li>hivatkoz\u00e1s a Storage class-ra \u2014 melyik adatkezel\u0151 rendszerben szeretn\u00e9nk l\u00e9trehozni a k\u00f6tetet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Storage class manifestben t\u00e1rol\u00f3dik a t\u00e1rhelyrendszerhez val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1s t\u00edpusa \u00e9s param\u00e9terei. Ezek a kubelet sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek, hogy csatlakoztassa a k\u00f6tetet a csom\u00f3pontj\u00e1hoz. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A PersistentVolume manifestekben meg van adva a Storage class \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si param\u00e9terek egy adott k\u00f6tethez (k\u00f6tet azonos\u00edt\u00f3ja, \u00fatvonal stb.).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A PVC l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sakor a Kubernetes megvizsg\u00e1lja, hogy mekkora \u00e9s mely Storage class-b\u00f3l sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00f6tet, \u00e9s kiv\u00e1laszt egy szabad PersistentVolume-t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ha ilyen PV-k nincsenek a rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9szleten, a Kubernetes elind\u00edthat egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n programot \u2014 Provisionert (ennek a nev\u00e9t a Storage class-ban adj\u00e1k meg). Ez a program csatlakozik az adatt\u00e1rol\u00f3 rendszerhez, l\u00e9trehoz egy sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges m\u00e9ret\u0171 k\u00f6tetet, megszerzi az azonos\u00edt\u00f3t \u00e9s l\u00e9trehozza a Kubernetes klaszterben a PersistentVolume manifestet, amely \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dik a PersistentVolumeClaim-nel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ez a sok absztrakci\u00f3 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t arr\u00f3l, hogy mely adatt\u00e1rol\u00f3 rendszerrel dolgozik az alkalmaz\u00e1s, a megjelen\u00edt\u00e9si szintt\u0151l az adminisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3s szintig. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Minden t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszerhez val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1si param\u00e9ter a Storage class-ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, amely\u00e9rt a klaszter adminisztr\u00e1torai felelnek. Az AWS-b\u00f3l a Google Cloudba val\u00f3 \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s sor\u00e1n mind\u00f6ssze annyit kell tenni, hogy a PVC mapp\u00e1kban megv\u00e1ltoztatjuk a Storage class nev\u00e9t. A tart\u00f3s volume-ok a klaszterben automatikusan l\u00e9trej\u00f6nnek a Provisioner program seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sposob-3-container-storage-interface\">3. m\u00f3dszer: Container Storage Interface<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Az \u00f6sszes k\u00f3d, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszerekkel l\u00e9p interakci\u00f3ba, a Kubernetes magj\u00e1nak r\u00e9sze. A hibajav\u00edt\u00e1sok vagy \u00faj funkci\u00f3k kiad\u00e1sa \u00faj kiad\u00e1sokhoz van k\u00f6tve, \u00edgy a k\u00f3dot minden t\u00e1mogatott Kubernetes verzi\u00f3ban m\u00f3dos\u00edtani kell. Ez nehezen karbantarthat\u00f3, \u00e9s \u00faj funkci\u00f3k hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1nak is akad\u00e1lyt jelent.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a Cloud Foundry, a Kubernetes, a Mesos \u00e9s a Docker fejleszt\u0151i l\u00e9trehozt\u00e1k a Container Storage Interface-t (CSI) \u2014 egy egyszer\u0171 egys\u00e9ges\u00edtett interf\u00e9szt, amely le\u00edrja a kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 rendszer \u00e9s egy adott t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszert kezel\u0151 specializ\u00e1lt meghajt\u00f3 (CSI Driver) k\u00f6z\u00f6tti interakci\u00f3t. Az \u00f6sszes t\u00e1rol\u00f3val val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3s k\u00f3dot a Kubernetes magj\u00e1b\u00f3l egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n rendszerbe helyezt\u00e9k \u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2019\/01\/15\/container-storage-interface-ga\/\">Dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3 a Container Storage Interface-r\u0151l<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban a CSI Driver k\u00e9t \u00f6sszetev\u0151b\u0151l \u00e1ll: Node Plugin \u00e9s Controller plugin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Node Plugin minden csom\u00f3ponton elindul, \u00e9s felel\u0151s a k\u00f6tetek csatol\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt \u00e9s az azokkal v\u00e9gzett m\u0171veletek\u00e9rt. A Controller plugin a t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszerrel l\u00e9p kapcsolatba: k\u00f6teteket l\u00e9trehoz vagy t\u00f6r\u00f6l, jogosults\u00e1gokat rendel hozz\u00e1 stb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Kubernetes magj\u00e1ban m\u00e9g mindig maradtak a r\u00e9gi meghajt\u00f3k, de haszn\u00e1latukat m\u00e1r nem javasolj\u00e1k, \u00e9s mindenki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra aj\u00e1nlj\u00e1k a CSI Driver telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, kifejezetten azzal a rendszerrel, amellyel dolgozni kell.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s megijesztheti azokat, akik m\u00e1r megszokt\u00e1k, hogy a Storage class-on kereszt\u00fcl \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k be az adatokat, de val\u00f3j\u00e1ban semmi ijeszt\u0151 nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. A programoz\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra biztosan semmi nem v\u00e1ltozik \u2014 ahogy eddig is csak a Storage class nev\u00e9vel dolgoztak, \u00fagy folytatj\u00e1k tov\u00e1bb. Az adminisztr\u00e1torok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra pedig egy helm chart telep\u00edt\u00e9se ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre, \u00e9s megv\u00e1ltozott a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok strukt\u00far\u00e1ja. Kor\u00e1bban a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a Storage class-ban adt\u00e1k meg, most viszont el\u0151sz\u00f6r a helm chart-ban kell megadni, majd pedig a Storage class-n\u00e1l. Ha jobban meg\u00e9rtj\u00fck, val\u00f3j\u00e1ban semmi ijeszt\u0151 nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, milyen el\u0151ny\u00f6ket lehet szerezni a Ceph t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszer CSI meghajt\u00f3n kereszt\u00fcli csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A Ceph haszn\u00e1lata sor\u00e1n a CSI plugin t\u00f6bb lehet\u0151s\u00e9get biztos\u00edt a t\u00e1rol\u00f3rendszerekkel val\u00f3 munk\u00e1ra, mint a be\u00e9p\u00edtett meghajt\u00f3k.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Dinamikus lemezk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s.<\/strong> \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban az RBD lemezek csak RWO m\u00f3dban haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, m\u00edg a Ceph CSI lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy RWX m\u00f3dban is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u0151ket. T\u00f6bb k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 csom\u00f3ponton l\u00e9v\u0151 pod egy RBD-lemezt egyidej\u0171leg csatlakoztatva haszn\u00e1lhat. Jogos utalni arra, hogy nem minden olyan r\u00f3zs\u00e1s \u2014 ezt a lemezt csak blokkperif\u00e9riak\u00e9nt lehet csatlakoztatni, \u00edgy alkalmaz\u00e1sokat kell igaz\u00edtani a p\u00e1rhuzamos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9shez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Snapshot creation.<\/strong> In a Kubernetes cluster, you can create a manifest requesting a snapshot. The CSI plugin will see it and take a snapshot of the disk. Based on this, a backup or a copy of the PersistentVolume can be made. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Increasing the size of the disk<\/strong> on the storage system and PersistentVolume in the Kubernetes cluster.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quotas.<\/strong> Built-in Kubernetes CephFS drivers do not support quotas, while fresh CSI plugins with fresh Ceph Nautilus can enable quotas on CephFS partitions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Metrics.<\/strong> The CSI plugin can provide many metrics to Prometheus about which volumes are connected, what interactions are happening, etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Topology aware.<\/strong> Allows specifying in manifests how geographically distributed the cluster is, avoiding connections to pods in London with storage systems located in Amsterdam. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>To connect Ceph to the Kubernetes cluster via CSI, see <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DteNn-1f-WI\">the practical part of the evening school Slurm lecture<\/a><\/noindex>. You can also subscribe to <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/to.slurm.io\/Ssx7pg\">the Ceph video course<\/a><\/noindex>, which will start on October 15. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Author of the article: Sergey Bondarev, practicing architect at Southbridge, Certified Kubernetes Administrator, one of the developers of kubespray.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">Kicsit a rekl\u00e1m mellett ink\u00e1bb a haszon \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben...<\/b><\/p>\n<p>P.S. Sergey Bondarev is conducting two intensive courses: the updated <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/to.slurm.io\/1WIJFg\">Kubernetes Alapok<\/a><\/noindex> September 28-30, and the advanced <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/to.slurm.io\/Wbqz5g\">Kubernetes Mega<\/a><\/noindex> okt\u00f3ber 14-16.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatt\u00e1rol\u00e1s Kubernetes klaszterben\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/69752ee9f7c9caf887011564139baf16.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/519130\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 Kubernetes, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Container Storage Interface. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 1. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 PV \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 Kubernetes: \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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