{"id":96352,"date":"2020-10-10T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dannye-vnutri-nas-chem-zanimayutsya-bioinformatiki"},"modified":"2020-10-10T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T17:42:57","slug":"dannye-vnutri-nas-chem-zanimayutsya-bioinformatiki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dannye-vnutri-nas-chem-zanimayutsya-bioinformatiki","title":{"rendered":"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/522416\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/536d0b3fb4641c946cdfb122c88a7e6b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nBesz\u00e9l\u00fcnk a j\u00f6v\u0151 embereir\u0151l, akik dek\u00f3dolj\u00e1k az organikus big data-t. Az elm\u00falt k\u00e9t \u00e9vtizedben a biologikus adatok mennyis\u00e9ge, amelyet elemezni lehet, t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s\u00e9re n\u0151tt, h\u00e1la az emberi g\u00e9nom dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1nak. El\u0151tte el sem tudtuk k\u00e9pzelni, hogy az \u00e1ltalunk a v\u00e9r\u00fcnkben t\u00e1rolt inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kb\u00f3l meg lehet hat\u00e1rozni sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1sunkat, ellen\u0151rizni, hogyan reag\u00e1l a szervezet bizonyos gy\u00f3gyszerekre, \u00e9s m\u00e9g a biol\u00f3giai \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00fcnket is meg lehet v\u00e1ltoztatni. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nEz \u00e9s m\u00e1s cikkek el\u0151sz\u00f6r jelennek meg a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.skillfactory.ru\/\">blogban<\/a><\/noindex> weboldalunkon. J\u00f3 olvas\u00e1st k\u00edv\u00e1nunk.<\/p>\n<p>\nAz \u00e1tlagos bioinformatikus jellemz\u0151i hasonl\u00f3ak a programoz\u00f3k\u00e9hoz \u2014 v\u00f6r\u00f6s szemek, g\u00f6rnyedt testtart\u00e1s \u00e9s k\u00e1v\u00e9scs\u00e9sze nyomai az \u00edr\u00f3asztalon. Azonban az \u00edr\u00f3asztal m\u00f6g\u00f6tt nem absztrakt algoritmusokkal \u00e9s parancsokkal dolgoznak, hanem a term\u00e9szet k\u00f3dj\u00e1val, ami sokat el\u00e1rulhat r\u00f3lunk \u00e9s a minket k\u00f6r\u00fclvev\u0151 vil\u00e1gr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<p>A szak\u00e9rt\u0151k ebben a ter\u00fcleten hatalmas adatmennyis\u00e9gekkel foglalkoznak (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy ember genomszekvenci\u00e1z\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyei k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 100 gigabyte-ot foglalnak el). Ez\u00e9rt ennek az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s t\u00f6megnek a feldolgoz\u00e1sa Data Science megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9seket \u00e9s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket ig\u00e9nyel. Logikus, hogy a sikeres bioinformatikusnak nemcsak biol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s k\u00e9mi\u00e1ban, hanem az adatanal\u00edzis m\u00f3dszereiben, statisztik\u00e1ban \u00e9s matematik\u00e1ban is j\u00e1rtasnak kell lennie \u2014 ez teszi a szakm\u00e1j\u00e1t meglehet\u0151sen ritk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00e9s keresett\u00e9. Az ilyen szakemberek k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek az innovat\u00edv orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s gy\u00f3gyszerfejleszt\u00e9s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Technol\u00f3giai \u00f3ri\u00e1sok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az IBM \u00e9s az Intel\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.watson.ibm.com\/researcher\/view_group.php?id=137\">elind\u00edtj\u00e1k a saj\u00e1t programjaikat<\/a><\/noindex>, amelyek a bioinformatika tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtanak.<\/p>\n<h2>Mi sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges ahhoz, hogy bioinformatikus legy\u00e9l?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biol\u00f3gia \u00e9s k\u00e9mia (egyetemi szint);<\/li>\n<li>Matematika-statisztika, line\u00e1ris algebra, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9gelm\u00e9let;<\/li>\n<li>Programoz\u00e1si nyelvek (Python \u00e9s R, gyakran C++-t is haszn\u00e1lnak);<\/li>\n<li>A struktur\u00e1lis bioinformatik\u00e1hoz: a matematikai anal\u00edzis \u00e9s a differenci\u00e1legyenletek elm\u00e9let\u00e9nek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA bioinformatika ter\u00fclet\u00e9re bel\u00e9phetsz biol\u00f3giai h\u00e1tt\u00e9rrel vagy programoz\u00e1s \u00e9s matematika ismeret\u00e9vel. Azok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, akik biol\u00f3giai h\u00e1tt\u00e9rrel rendelkeznek, a k\u00e9sz bioinformatikai programokkal val\u00f3 munka aj\u00e1nlott, m\u00edg a programoz\u00e1ssal \u00e9s matematik\u00e1val rendelkez\u0151kn\u00e9l algoritmikus szakprofil lehet a c\u00e9l.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5192029ac900077228db8d9788953d8f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?<\/h2>\n<p>\nA modern bioinformatics is divided into two main branches \u2014 structural bioinformatics and sequence bioinformatics. In the first case, we see a person sitting in front of a computer running programs that help study biological objects (such as DNA or proteins) in 3D visualizations. They build computer models that can predict how a drug molecule will interact with a protein, what the spatial structure of a protein looks like in a cell, what properties of a molecule explain its interactions with cellular structures, etc. <\/p>\n<p>Methods of structural bioinformatics are actively used in both academic science and industry: it's hard to imagine a pharmaceutical company that does without such specialists. In recent years, computer methods have significantly simplified the process of searching for potential drugs, making pharmaceutical development a much faster and cheaper process.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/33c166685102e86dd497e2ac17a86525.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nRNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 (left) and its connection with the RNA duplex.\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/pdb101.rcsb.org\/motm\/249\">Source.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>What is a genome?<\/h2>\n<p>\nA genome is all the information about the inheritance structure of an organism. For almost all living beings, the carrier of the genome is DNA, but there are organisms that transmit their hereditary information in the form of RNA. The genome is passed from parents to children, and during this transmission process, errors \u2014 mutations \u2014 can occur.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2308841ee478fdd46312f36df7b134e1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nThe interaction of the drug remdesivir with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2020\/04\/30\/science.abc1560\/tab-article-info?versioned=true\">Source.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sequence bioinformatics works with a higher level of organization of living matter \u2014 starting from individual nucleotides, DNA, and genes, to entire genomes and their comparisons with each other. <\/p>\n<p>K\u00e9pzelj el egy embert, aki egy bet\u0171halmazt l\u00e1t a szeme el\u0151tt (de nem a szokv\u00e1nyosat, hanem genetikai vagy aminosav-nyelvet), \u00e9s m\u0171szaki m\u00f3dszerekkel keres \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seket, magyar\u00e1zva \u00e9s statisztikailag meger\u0151s\u00edtve azokat. A szekvencia-bioinformatika azt magyar\u00e1zza el, hogy melyik mut\u00e1ci\u00f3val kapcsolatos egy adott betegs\u00e9g vagy mi\u00e9rt halmoz\u00f3dnak fel k\u00e1ros anyagok a beteg v\u00e9r\u00e9ben. Orvosi adatok mellett a szekvencia-bioinformatikusok vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k az \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyek f\u00f6ld\u00f6n val\u00f3 elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9nek mint\u00e1zatait, a popul\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9geket az \u00e1llatcsoportok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, valamint egyes g\u00e9nek szerep\u00e9t \u00e9s funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t. Ennek a tudom\u00e1nynak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en ellen\u0151rizhet\u0151 a gy\u00f3gyszerek hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga, \u00e9s tanulm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3k a biol\u00f3giai mechanizmusok, amelyek magyar\u00e1zz\u00e1k hat\u00e1sukat. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a bioinformatikai elemz\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n felfedezt\u00e9k \u00e9s le\u00edrt\u00e1k azokat a mut\u00e1ci\u00f3kat, amelyek a ciszt\u00e1s fibr\u00f3zis kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetnek \u2014 olyan monog\u00e9n betegs\u00e9g, amelyet egy kl\u00f3rcsatorna g\u00e9n\u00e9nek meghib\u00e1sod\u00e1sa okoz. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl most m\u00e1r sokkal jobban tudjuk, hogy kik az ember legk\u00f6zelebbi biol\u00f3giai rokonai, \u00e9s hogyan terjeszkedtek \u0151seink a bolyg\u00f3n. M\u00e9g fontosabb, hogy mindenki, aki elolvassa a saj\u00e1t gen\u00f3mj\u00e1t, megtudhatja, honnan sz\u00e1rmazik a csal\u00e1dja, \u00e9s melyik etnikai csoportba tartozik. Sz\u00e1mos k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.23andme.com\/en-int\/\">23andme<\/a><\/noindex>,\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myheritage.com\/?lang=RU\">MyHeritage<\/a><\/noindex>) \u00e9s orosz (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genotek.ru\/\">Genotek<\/a><\/noindex>,\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/atlas.ru\/\">Atlas<\/a><\/noindex>) szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s k\u00edn\u00e1lja ezt a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st viszonylag alacsony \u00e1ron (k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 20 ezer rubel\u00e9rt).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/665c39b68b7765de247975d54295965d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA MyHeritage \u00e1ltal k\u00edn\u00e1lt DNS-teszt sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1sra \u00e9s popul\u00e1ci\u00f3s hovatartoz\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 elemz\u00e9s\u00e9nek eredm\u00e9nyei.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/094c673bae28ff97e04ac28e2ec19c62.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA 23andMe \u00e1ltal v\u00e9gzett DNS-teszt popul\u00e1ci\u00f3s hovatartoz\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 elemz\u00e9s\u00e9nek eredm\u00e9nyei.<\/p>\n<h2>Hogyan olvass\u00e1k a gen\u00f3mot?<\/h2>\n<p>\nMa a genomszekven\u00e1l\u00e1s rutinszer\u0171 elj\u00e1r\u00e1s, amely k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/genetico.ru\/price\/uslugi-po-sevenirovaniyu\">150<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0ezer rubel\u00e9rt (Oroszorsz\u00e1gban is). A gen\u00f3m olvas\u00e1s\u00e1hoz elegend\u0151 egy speci\u00e1lis laborat\u00f3riumban v\u00e9rt adni: k\u00e9t h\u00e9t m\u00falva megkapja az eredm\u00e9nyt a genetikai jellegzetess\u00e9gei r\u00e9szletes le\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1val. A saj\u00e1t gen\u00f3m mellett elemezheti a b\u00e9l mikrobiota gen\u00f3mj\u00e1t is: megtudhatja a b\u00e9lrendszer\u00e9t ben\u00e9pes\u00edt\u0151 bakt\u00e9riumok saj\u00e1toss\u00e1gait, \u00e9s konzult\u00e1ci\u00f3t kaphat egy szakmai dietetikust\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<p>A genomot k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3dszerekkel lehet olvasni, az egyik f\u0151 m\u00f3dszer a \u00fagynevezett \"\u00fajgener\u00e1ci\u00f3s szekven\u00e1l\u00e1s\". Ezen elj\u00e1r\u00e1s elv\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9hez el\u0151sz\u00f6r biol\u00f3giai mint\u00e1kat kell nyerni. A szervezet minden sejtj\u00e9ben azonos a genom, ez\u00e9rt leggyakrabban v\u00e9rt vesznek a genom olvas\u00e1s\u00e1hoz (ez a legegyszer\u0171bb). Ezut\u00e1n a sejteket lebontj\u00e1k, \u00e9s a DNS-t elv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k mindent\u0151l. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a kapott DNS-t sok kicsi darabra v\u00e1gj\u00e1k, \u00e9s minden darabhoz k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges adaptereket \"varrnak\" \u2014 mesters\u00e9gesen szintetiz\u00e1lt ismert nukleotidsorozatokat. A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9sben a DNS-l\u00e1ncokat elv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k, \u00e9s az egy sz\u00e1l\u00fa l\u00e1ncokat az adaptereken kereszt\u00fcl egy speci\u00e1lis lemezhez r\u00f6gz\u00edtik, ahol a szekven\u00e1l\u00e1s zajlik. A szekven\u00e1l\u00e1s sor\u00e1n a DNS-sorozathoz fluoreszcens jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u0171, komplementer nukleotidok kapcsol\u00f3dnak. Minden egyes jel\u00f6lt nukleotid hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9sekor egy meghat\u00e1rozott hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fa f\u00e9nycs\u00f3v\u00e1t bocs\u00e1t ki, amelyet a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p r\u00f6gz\u00edt. \u00cdgy a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p elolvassa az eredeti DNS r\u00f6vid sorozatait, amelyeket k\u00e9s\u0151bb speci\u00e1lis algoritmusok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel \u00f6sszeillesztenek az eredeti genom kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ef75492ee521ce99c4f56472b1904b10.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA biol\u00f3giai informatikusok \u00e1ltal haszn\u00e1lt adathalmazon p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a aminosav-sorozatok kiigaz\u00edt\u00e1sa tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. <\/p>\n<h2>Hol dolgoznak \u00e9s mennyit keresnek a biol\u00f3giai informatikusok?<\/h2>\n<p>\nA biol\u00f3giai informatikusok p\u00e1ly\u00e1ja hagyom\u00e1nyosan k\u00e9t f\u0151 ter\u00fcletre oszthat\u00f3 \u2014 ipar \u00e9s tudom\u00e1ny. A tudom\u00e1nyos biol\u00f3giai informatikus karrierje \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy nagy int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny doktori poz\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1val kezd\u0151dik. Eleinte a biol\u00f3giai informatikusok alapfizet\u00e9st kapnak, amely az int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny\u00fckt\u0151l, az \u00e1ltaluk r\u00e9szt vett p\u00e1ly\u00e1zatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1t\u00f3l, valamint a hivatalosan bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt poz\u00edci\u00f3ik sz\u00e1m\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg. Id\u0151vel a p\u00e1ly\u00e1zatok \u00e9s a poz\u00edci\u00f3k sz\u00e1ma n\u00f6vekszik, \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl k\u00e9t \u00e9vnyi egyetemi munka ut\u00e1n a biol\u00f3giai informatikusok k\u00f6nnyed\u00e9n el\u00e9rhetik a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 fizet\u00e9st (70-80 ezer rubel), de sokszor a szorgalomt\u00f3l \u00e9s a munk\u00e1juk kem\u00e9nys\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg. A legk\u00e9pzettebb biol\u00f3giai informatikusok v\u00e9g\u00fcl saj\u00e1t laborat\u00f3riumot alap\u00edtanak a szakter\u00fclet\u00fck\u00f6n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/93dd91f70cb88dad950ece1f1417e89f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Hol tanulhat biol\u00f3giai informatikusnak?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MSU \u2014 a biol\u00f3giai m\u00e9rn\u00f6ks\u00e9g \u00e9s biol\u00f3giai informatika kar<\/li>\n<li>HSE \u2014 AdatElemz\u00e9s a biol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s az orvostudom\u00e1nyban (mesterk\u00e9pz\u00e9si program)<\/li>\n<li>MFTI \u2014 bioinformatikai tansz\u00e9k<\/li>\n<li>Bioinformatikai Int\u00e9zet (NPO)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEllent\u00e9tben az akad\u00e9mi\u00e1val, az iparban senki sem fogja id\u0151t pazarolni a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00e9szs\u00e9gek oktat\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00edgy \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nehezebb beker\u00fclni. A bioinformatikus karrier\u00fat az iparban nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben v\u00e1ltozik a specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s a munkahely f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben. \u00c1tlagosan ezen a ter\u00fcleten a fizet\u00e9s\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/rb.ru\/opinion\/segodnya-i-zavtra\/\">70 ezer \u00e9s 150<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0ezer rubel k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog, a tapasztalat \u00e9s a specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Ismert bioinformatikusok<\/h2>\n<p>\nA bioinformatika t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t Frederick Sanger angol tud\u00f3shoz kell k\u00f6tni, aki 1980-ban Nobel-d\u00edjat kapott k\u00e9mi\u00e1b\u00f3l a DNS-sorrend meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dszer\u00e9\u00e9rt. Az\u00f3ta, \u00e9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre a szekvenciaolvas\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek fejl\u0151dnek, de a \u00abSanger-sekven\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00bb m\u00f3dszere szolg\u00e1lt alapul minden tov\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1shoz ezen a t\u00e9ren.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/00e08a801b66d87729ae03152c14e991.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9rdemes megjegyezni, hogy sok program, amelyet orosz tud\u00f3sok fejlesztettek ki, ma vil\u00e1gszerte sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u2014 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a genomgy\u0171jt\u0151\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cab.spbu.ru\/software\/spades\/\">SPAdes<\/a><\/noindex>, \u2014 a Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1ri genomgy\u0171jt\u0151, amelyet a Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1ri Int\u00e9zetben k\u00e9sz\u00edtettek, seg\u00edt a tud\u00f3soknak vil\u00e1gszerte r\u00f6vid DNS-szekvenci\u00e1k nagy szekvenci\u00e1kk\u00e1 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban, hogy vissza\u00e1ll\u00edts\u00e1k az organizmusok eredeti gen\u00f3mjait.<\/p>\n<h2>A bioinformatika felfedez\u00e9sei \u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei<\/h2>\n<p>\nManaps\u00e1g a bioinformatikusok sz\u00e1mos hasznos felfedez\u00e9st tesznek. Elk\u00e9pzelhetetlen lenne a koronav\u00edrus elleni gy\u00f3gyszer kifejleszt\u00e9se an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy dek\u00f3dolt\u00e1k volna annak gen\u00f3mj\u00e1t \u00e9s egy komplex bioinformatikai elemz\u00e9st v\u00e9geztek volna a betegs\u00e9g lefoly\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A nemzetk\u00f6zi\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/117\/26\/15193.abstract\">tud\u00f3sok<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0a komparat\u00edv genomika \u00e9s a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1s m\u00f3dszereivel k\u00e9pesek voltak meg\u00e9rteni, milyen k\u00f6z\u00f6s von\u00e1sok vannak a koronav\u00edrusok \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\n<p>Kider\u00fclt, hogy az egyik ilyen jellemz\u0151 a patog\u00e9n v\u00edrusok evol\u00faci\u00f3ja sor\u00e1n bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 nukle\u00e1ris lokaliz\u00e1l\u00e1si jelek (NLS) fokoz\u00f3d\u00e1sa. Ez a kutat\u00e1s seg\u00edthet a potenci\u00e1lisan vesz\u00e9lyes v\u00edrusvari\u00e1nsok tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban, \u00e9s esetleg elind\u00edthatja a gy\u00f3gyszerek megel\u0151z\u0151 fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl a bioinformatikusok kulcsszerepet j\u00e1tszottak \u00faj genom-szerkeszt\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a CRISPR\/Cas9 rendszerben (technol\u00f3gia, amely a\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postnauka.ru\/video\/19459\">bakt\u00e9riumok immunrendszer\u00e9n alapul)<\/a><\/noindex>). A feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k adatszerkezet\u00e9nek \u00e9s evol\u00faci\u00f3s fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek bioinformatikai elemz\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en e rendszer pontoss\u00e1ga \u00e9s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vekben t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s\u00e9re n\u0151tt, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve ezzel sz\u00e1mos \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9ny (bele\u00e9rtve az embert is) gen\u00f3mj\u00e1nak c\u00e9lzott m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=habr_banner&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=habr_banner\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adatok benn\u00fcnket: Mivel foglalkoznak a bioinformatikusok?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/23d7a5e5d1adb8f08e2216fbd39c7a64.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSz\u00fcks\u00e9ges szakma megszerz\u00e9se null\u00e1r\u00f3l vagy a 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szakma<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/522444\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0433-\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443.\u00a0\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dannye-vnutri-nas-chem-zanimayutsya-bioinformatiki\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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