{"id":97104,"date":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov"},"modified":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","slug":"packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","title":{"rendered":"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>H\u00e1l\u00f3zati topol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d60e4594ba0528414e58fff3ccb1e8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Feladatok<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Alap\u00e9rtelmezett statikus \u00fatvonal l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa<\/li>\n<li>Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal telep\u00edt\u00e9se<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1tkapcsol\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalra a f\u0151 \u00fatvonal hib\u00e1ja eset\u00e9n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>\u00c1ttekint\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>\nEl\u0151sz\u00f6r is, n\u00e9h\u00e1ny sz\u00f3 arr\u00f3l, hogy mi az a statikus \u00e9s a lebeg\u0151 \u00fatvonal. A dinamikus \u00fatvonalaz\u00e1ssal ellent\u00e9tben a statikus \u00fatvonalaz\u00e1s megk\u00f6veteli, hogy az \u00fatvonalat k\u00e9zzel \u00e9p\u00edts\u00fck fel egy adott h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz. A lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal a f\u0151 \u00fatvonal meghib\u00e1sod\u00e1sa eset\u00e9n a c\u00e9lh\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz vezet\u0151 tartal\u00e9k \u00fatvonalat biztos\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>A p\u00e9lda kedv\u00e9\u00e9rt a mi h\u00e1l\u00f3zatunkban a \"Hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 router\" egyel\u0151re csak k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl csatlakoztatott \u00fatvonalakkal rendelkezik az ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 \u00e9s LAN_2 h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokhoz.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a696205f8c9e062d9ada51fda3de9e21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Alap\u00e9rtelmezett statikus \u00fatvonal l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>\nMiel\u0151tt a tartal\u00e9k \u00fatvonalr\u00f3l besz\u00e9ln\u00e9nk, el\u0151sz\u00f6r l\u00e9tre kell hozni a f\u0151 \u00fatvonalat. Tegy\u00fck fel, hogy a f\u0151 \u00fatvonal a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 routerb\u0151l az ISP1-en kereszt\u00fcl halad az Internet fel\u00e9, m\u00edg az ISP2-n kereszt\u00fcli \u00fatvonal tartal\u00e9k. Ehhez a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 router glob\u00e1lis konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s \u00fczemm\u00f3dj\u00e1ban be\u00e1ll\u00edtjuk az alap\u00e9rtelmezett statikus \u00fatvonalat:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/0 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nahol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>az els\u0151 32 bit nulla \u2014 a c\u00e9lh\u00e1l\u00f3zat c\u00edme; <\/li>\n<li>a m\u00e1sodik 32 bit nulla \u2014 a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati maszk; <\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/0 \u2014 a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 router kimeneti interf\u00e9sze, amely csatlakozik az ISP1 h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEz a bejegyz\u00e9s azt jelzi, hogy ha a LAN_1 vagy LAN_2 h\u00e1lzatokb\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 csomagok olyan c\u00e9lh\u00e1l\u00f3zati c\u00edmet tartalmaznak, amely nem szerepel az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban, akkor azokat az s0\/0\/0 interf\u00e9szen kereszt\u00fcl tov\u00e1bb\u00edtj\u00e1k. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bc28d8bfebe2fc75d81ab0817588ba15.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEllen\u0151rizz\u00fck a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 router \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat\u00e1t, \u00e9s k\u00fcldj\u00fcnk el egy echosz\u00f3t <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/\"   title=\"webszerver\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1158\">webszerver<\/a> PC-A vagy PC-B g\u00e9pr\u0151l:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9cad9e3ba223c822c5e8d5f87e55e5b9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f38b705b02f9c820bc1eb6db23276e19.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nL\u00e1tjuk, hogy az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zathoz hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott az alap\u00e9rtelmezett statikus \u00fatvonal bejegyz\u00e9se (amire az S* bejegyz\u00e9s utal). V\u00e9gezzen el egy nyomk\u00f6vet\u00e9st a PC-A vagy PC-B g\u00e9pr\u0151l a web-<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"a szerver\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3663\">a szerver<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/449b5e7228c87f188d421378a5e2465c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAz els\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9s a PC-B-r\u0151l a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 router helyi IP-c\u00edm\u00e9re 192.168.11.1. A m\u00e1sodik l\u00e9p\u00e9s \u2014 a hat\u00e1rellen\u0151rz\u0151 routert\u0151l a 10.10.10.1-ig (ISP1). Jegyezz\u00fck meg, k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtjuk a l\u00e9p\u00e9seket.<\/p>\n<h2>Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal telep\u00edt\u00e9se<\/h2>\n<p>\nTeh\u00e1t az alap statikus \u00fatvonal m\u00e1r l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt. Most l\u00e9trehozzuk a lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalat az ISP2 h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton. A lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamata nem k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a szok\u00e1sos alap\u00e9rtelmezett statikus \u00fatvonalt\u00f3l, kiv\u00e9ve, hogy az els\u0151 esetben tov\u00e1bbi t\u00e9nyez\u0151k\u00e9nt az adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1got is meg kell adni. Az adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1g a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00fatvonalak megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1gi fok\u00e1t jelenti. Az a helyzet, hogy a statikus \u00fatvonal adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1ga egy, ami abszol\u00fat priorit\u00e1st jelent a dinamikus ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si protokollok felett, amelyek adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1ga sokkal magasabb, kiv\u00e9ve a helyi \u00fatvonalakat \u2014 azok t\u00e1vols\u00e1ga nulla. Ez\u00e9rt, amikor lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalat hozunk l\u00e9tre, az adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1got egyn\u00e9l nagyobbra kell megadni, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul 5-re. \u00cdgy a lebeg\u0151 \u00fatvonal nem lesz priorit\u00e1s az alap statikus \u00fatvonal felett, de ha az nem el\u00e9rhet\u0151, az alap\u00e9rtelmezett \u00fatvonal f\u0151 \u00fatvonalnak sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9929fbcf1bb5d27609d41cb1355142d9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal megad\u00e1s\u00e1nak szintaxisa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nahol: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 \u2014 ez az adminisztrat\u00edv t\u00e1vols\u00e1g \u00e9rt\u00e9ke;<\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/1 \u2014 a hat\u00e1rol\u00f3 \u00fatv\u00e1laszt\u00f3 kimeneti interf\u00e9sze, amely az ISP2 h\u00e1l\u00f3zatra csatlakozik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAzonnal szeretn\u00e9m megeml\u00edteni, hogy <u>am\u00edg az alap\u00fatvonal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 \u00e1llapotban van, a lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal nem fog megjelenni az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban.<\/u>A nagyobb meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben n\u00e9zz\u00fck meg az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat tartalm\u00e1t, amikor az alap\u00fatvonal hib\u00e1tlan \u00e1llapotban van:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e2d4a77200450fcee35a9046c2c6998f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nL\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban tov\u00e1bbra is az alap statikus \u00fatvonal jelenik meg alap\u00e9rtelmezettk\u00e9nt Serial0\/0\/0 kimeneti interf\u00e9sszel, \u00e9s nincsenek m\u00e1s statikus \u00fatvonalak a t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c1tkapcsol\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalra a f\u0151 \u00fatvonal hib\u00e1ja eset\u00e9n<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Most j\u00f6n a leg\u00e9rdekesebb r\u00e9sz:<\/b> modellezni fogjuk az alap\u00fatvonal hib\u00e1j\u00e1t. Ezt \u00fagy tehetj\u00fck meg, hogy lekapcsoljuk az interf\u00e9szt szoftveresen, vagy egyszer\u0171en csak elt\u00e1vol\u00edtjuk a kapcsolatot az \u00fatv\u00e1laszt\u00f3 \u00e9s az ISP1 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Le\u00e1ll\u00edtjuk az alap\u00fatvonal Serial0\/0\/0 interf\u00e9sz\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#int s0\/0\/0\nEdge_Router(config-if)#shutdown\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 \u00e9s azonnal n\u00e9zz\u00fck meg az \u00fatvonal t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatot:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/961f636462173a5551194c78378782e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA fenti \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a f\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonal le\u00e1ll\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a kimeneti fel\u00fclet Serial0\/0\/0 Serial0\/0\/1-re v\u00e1ltozott. Az els\u0151 nyomk\u00f6vet\u00e9s sor\u00e1n, amelyet kor\u00e1bban v\u00e9gezt\u00fcnk, a hat\u00e1rrouter k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9se az 10.10.10.1 IP-c\u00edmen val\u00f3sult meg. Hasonl\u00edtsuk \u00f6ssze a l\u00e9p\u00e9seket, v\u00e9gezve egy \u00faj nyomk\u00f6vet\u00e9st a tartal\u00e9k \u00fatvonal haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b204b0a79c5ea416622b3ff5c954bee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMost a hat\u00e1rrouter \u00e9s a webszerver k\u00f6z\u00f6tti l\u00e9p\u00e9s az 10.10.10.5 (ISP2) IP-c\u00edmen kereszt\u00fcl val\u00f3sul meg.<\/p>\n<p>Term\u00e9szetesen a statikus \u00fatvonalakat meg lehet n\u00e9zni a router aktu\u00e1lis konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak megjelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#show run\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3riumi munka: Lebeg\u0151 statikus \u00fatvonalak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a4bca44fd296c69f69b6e75c421c0ab0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/523534\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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