{"id":98045,"date":"2020-10-23T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T18:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","title":{"rendered":"GNU\/Linux be\u00fczemel\u00e9se ARM lapon a null\u00e1r\u00f3l (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Kali \u00e9s iMX.6)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

tl;dr<\/b>: Kali Linux k\u00e9p\u00e9t k\u00e9sz\u00edtek ARM sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9phez a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 programban debootstrap<\/code>, Linux <\/code>\u00e9s u-boot<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\"GNU\/Linux<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ha v\u00e1s\u00e1rolt\u00e1l egy kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 n\u00e9pszer\u0171 egylapos sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet, akkor tal\u00e1lkozhatt\u00e1l azzal, hogy hi\u00e1nyzik a kedvenc disztrib\u00faci\u00f3d k\u00e9pe. Hasonl\u00f3 dolog t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a tervezett Flipper One-nal<\/a><\/noindex>. Kali Linux IMX6-ra egyszer\u0171en nem el\u00e9rhet\u0151 (\u00e9n k\u00e9sz\u00edtem), ez\u00e9rt magamnak kell \u00f6sszeraknom.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

A bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si folyamat meglehet\u0151sen egyszer\u0171:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A hardver inicializ\u00e1l\u00f3dik.<\/li>\n
  2. A t\u00e1rol\u00f3eszk\u00f6z (SD-k\u00e1rtya\/eMMC\/stb.) egy bizonyos ter\u00fclet\u00e9r\u0151l bet\u00f6lt\u00e9sre ker\u00fcl a bootloader.<\/li>\n
  3. A bootloader megkeresi az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer kernel\u00e9t, \u00e9s bet\u00f6lti azt egy bizonyos mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletre, majd v\u00e9grehajtja.<\/li>\n
  4. A kernel bet\u00f6lti a t\u00f6bbi oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nAz \u00e9n feladatomhoz elegend\u0151 ez a r\u00e9szletess\u00e9g, a r\u00e9szleteket elolvashatod egy m\u00e1sik cikkben<\/a><\/noindex>. A fent eml\u00edtett \"bizonyos\" ter\u00fcletek alaplaponk\u00e9nt elt\u00e9rnek, ami bizonyos neh\u00e9zs\u00e9geket okoz a telep\u00edt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n. A szerver ARM platformok standardiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra t\u00f6rekednek<\/a><\/noindex> UEFI seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, de m\u00edg ez nem \u00e9rhet\u0151 el mindenhol, k\u00fcl\u00f6n kell \u00f6sszeraknunk mindent.<\/p>\n

    A gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszer \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h3>\n

    \nEl\u0151sz\u00f6r is el\u0151 kell k\u00e9sz\u00edten\u00fcnk a part\u00edci\u00f3kat. A U-Boot k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e1jlrendszereket t\u00e1mogat, \u00e9n FAT32-t v\u00e1lasztottam a \/boot<\/code> \u00e9s ext3-t a gy\u00f6k\u00e9rhez, ez a standard elrendez\u00e9s a Kali ARM-hoz. A GNU Parted-ot fogom haszn\u00e1lni, de te is megteheted a megszokott fdisk<\/code>-kel. Szint\u00e9n sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lesz a dosfstools<\/code> \u00e9s e2fsprogs<\/code> f\u00e1jlrendszer l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz: apt install parted dosfstools e2fsprogs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    Particion\u00e1ljuk az SD-k\u00e1rty\u00e1t:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Megjel\u00f6lj\u00fck az SD-k\u00e1rty\u00e1t MBR elrendez\u00e9s haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mklabel msdos<\/code><\/li>\n
    2. L\u00e9trehozunk egy 128 megab\u00e1jtos part\u00edci\u00f3t a \/boot<\/code> : parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 128MiB<\/code>. Az els\u0151 kihagyott megab\u00e1jtot sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges fenntartani a part\u00edci\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00e9s a bootloadernek.<\/li>\n
    3. L\u00e9trehozunk egy gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszert a fennmarad\u00f3 kapacit\u00e1sra: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary ext4 128MiB 100%<\/code><\/li>\n
    4. Ha esetleg nincsenek l\u00e9trehozva vagy megv\u00e1ltoztatva a part\u00edci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlok, futtassuk a `partprobe` parancsot, \u00edgy a part\u00edci\u00f3s t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat \u00e1t lesz olvasva.<\/li>\n
    5. L\u00e9trehozzuk a boot part\u00edci\u00f3 f\u00e1jlrendszer\u00e9t a c\u00edmk\u00e9vel BOOT<\/code>: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT -F 32 -v \/dev\/mmcblk0p1<\/code><\/li>\n
    6. L\u00e9trehozzuk a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszert a c\u00edmk\u00e9vel ROOTFS<\/code>: mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS \/dev\/mmcblk0p2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nRemek, most m\u00e1r t\u00f6lthetj\u00fck fel. Ehhez tov\u00e1bbi sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lesz debootstrap<\/code>, a Debian-alap\u00fa oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszer\u00e9nek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak seg\u00e9dprogramja: apt install debootstrap<\/code>.<\/p>\n

      \u00d6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtjuk a f\u00e1jlrendszert:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Csatlakoztatjuk a part\u00edci\u00f3t a \/mnt\/<\/code> (haszn\u00e1lj egy sz\u00e1modra k\u00e9nyelmesebb csatol\u00e1si pontot): mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p2 \/mnt<\/code><\/li>\n
      2. T\u00f6lts\u00fck ki a f\u00e1jlrendszert: debootstrap --foreign --include=qemu-user-static --arch armhf kali-rolling \/mnt\/ http:\/\/http.kali.org\/kali<\/code>. A param\u00e9ter --include<\/code> tov\u00e1bbi csomagok telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t jel\u00f6li, \u00e9n a statikusan \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtott QEMU emul\u00e1tort adtam meg. Ez lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a futtat\u00e1st chroot<\/code> ARM k\u00f6rnyezetben. A t\u00f6bbi opci\u00f3 jelent\u00e9s\u00e9t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 helyen tal\u00e1lhatja: man debootstrap<\/code>. Ne feledje, hogy nem minden ARM lapka t\u00e1mogatja az armhf<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      3. architekt\u00far\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti elt\u00e9r\u00e9sek miatt debootstrap<\/code> k\u00e9t l\u00e9p\u00e9sben hajt\u00f3dik v\u00e9gre, a m\u00e1sodik \u00edgy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik: chroot \/mnt\/ \/debootstrap\/debootstrap --second-stage<\/code><\/li>\n
      4. Most be kell l\u00e9pn\u00fcnk a chroot k\u00f6rnyezetbe: chroot \/mnt \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n
      5. Kit\u00f6ltj\u00fck \/etc\/hosts<\/code> \u00e9s \/etc\/hostname<\/code> c\u00e9l FS. T\u00f6ltse ki a saj\u00e1t sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p\u00e9nek tartalm\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an, csak ne felejtse el megv\u00e1ltoztatni a gazdag\u00e9p nev\u00e9t.<\/li>\n
      6. Mindent finomhangolhatunk. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen telep\u00edtem a locales<\/code> (t\u00e1rol\u00f3kulcsok), \u00fajrakonfigur\u00e1lom a lokaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s az id\u0151z\u00f3n\u00e1t (dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata<\/code>). Ne feledje be\u00e1ll\u00edtani a jelsz\u00f3t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1val: passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      7. Jelsz\u00f3t \u00e1ll\u00edtunk be a , felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 nev\u00e9ben fut, mivel alapvet\u0151 rendszerbe\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat m\u00f3dos\u00edtanak, de a WordPress k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl egy norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dik.<\/code> parancsot passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      8. K\u00e9p k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9si folyamataim az al\u00e1bbiakkal fejez\u0151dnek be: \/etc\/fstab<\/code> bent \/mnt\/<\/code>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nAz al\u00e1bbi c\u00edmk\u00e9k szerint fogok t\u00f6lteni, \u00edgy a tartalom a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 lesz:<\/p>\n

        LABEL=ROOTFS \/ auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
        \n LABEL=BOOT \/boot auto defaults 0 0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        \nV\u00e9g\u00fcl csatlakoztatjuk a boot part\u00edci\u00f3t, sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fcnk lesz r\u00e1 a kernelhez: `mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p1 \/mnt\/boot\/`<\/p>\n

        Linux build<\/h3>\n

        \nA kernel (\u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb a bootloader) Debian Testing alatt t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz telep\u00edtenie kell az alap GCC, GNU Make \u00e9s GNU C Library fejl\u00e9c f\u00e1jlok k\u00e9szlet\u00e9t a c\u00e9l architekt\u00far\u00e1hoz (n\u00e1lam armhf<\/code>), valamint az OpenSSL fejl\u00e9c f\u00e1jlokat, a parancssori kalkul\u00e1tort bc<\/code>, bison<\/code> \u00e9s flex<\/code>: apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf bison flex libssl-dev bc<\/code>. Mivel a bootloader alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint a zImage<\/code> f\u00e1jlt keresi a boot part\u00edci\u00f3 f\u00e1jlrendszer\u00e9ben, ideje lebontani a flash meghajt\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. T\u00fal sok id\u0151 a kernel kl\u00f3noz\u00e1sa, \u00edgy ink\u00e1bb let\u00f6lt\u00f6m: wget https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz<\/code>. Kicsomagoljuk, \u00e9s l\u00e9pj\u00fcnk be a forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d mapp\u00e1ba: tar -xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz && cd linux-5.9.1<\/code><\/li>\n
        2. Konfigur\u00e1ljuk a ford\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tt: make ARCH=arm KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=imx_v6_v7_defconfig defconfig<\/code>. A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 mapp\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3: arch\/arm\/configs\/<\/code>. Ha nincs ilyen, megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lhatja keresni, let\u00f6lteni \u00e9s megadni a f\u00e1jl nev\u00e9t ennek a mapp\u00e1nak a param\u00e9ter\u00e9ben: KBUILD_DEFCONFIG<\/code>. V\u00e9gs\u0151 esetben egyb\u0151l l\u00e9pjen a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 pontra.<\/li>\n
        3. Opcion\u00e1lisan finom\u00edthat\u00f3k a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig<\/code><\/li>\n
        4. \u00c9s cross-compil\u00e1ljuk a k\u00e9pet: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-<\/code><\/li>\n
        5. Most m\u00e1soljuk \u00e1t a kernel f\u00e1jlt: cp arch\/arm\/boot\/zImage \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        6. \u00e9s a DeviceTree f\u00e1jlokat (a lapon tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 hardver le\u00edr\u00e1sa): cp arch\/arm\/boot\/dts\/*.dtb \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        7. \u00c9s telep\u00edteni a k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 f\u00e1jlok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban \u00f6sszegy\u0171jt\u00f6tt modulokat: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=\/mnt\/ modules_install<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nA kernel k\u00e9szen \u00e1ll. Minden lev\u00e1laszthat\u00f3: umount \/mnt\/boot\/ \/mnt\/<\/code><\/p>\n

          Das U-Boot<\/h2>\n

          \nMivel a bootloader interakt\u00edv, a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez elegend\u0151 csak az alaplap, a t\u00e1rol\u00f3eszk\u00f6z \u00e9s opcion\u00e1lisan egy USB-to-UART eszk\u00f6z. Azaz a kernelt \u00e9s az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert k\u00e9s\u0151bbre halaszthatjuk.<\/p>\n

          A gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k t\u00falnyom\u00f3 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge a Das U-Boot haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t aj\u00e1nlja az els\u0151 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9shez. A teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a saj\u00e1t forkjukban biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k, de az upstreambe val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sra sem felejtenek el. mainline<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00edgy a fork<\/a><\/noindex> elt\u00e9r\u00edtettem.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6sszegy\u0171jtj\u00fck mag\u00e1t a bootloadert:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. A stabil \u00e1g kl\u00f3noz\u00e1sa a t\u00e1rol\u00f3b\u00f3l: git clone https:\/\/gitlab.denx.de\/u-boot\/u-boot.git -b v2020.10<\/code><\/li>\n
          2. Bemenet a mapp\u00e1ba: cd u-boot<\/code><\/li>\n
          3. El\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edtj\u00fck a build konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t: make mx6ull_14x14_evk_defconfig<\/code>. Ez csak akkor m\u0171k\u00f6dik, ha a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 szerepel a Das U-Bootban, k\u00fcl\u00f6nben meg kell tal\u00e1lni a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t, \u00e9s elhelyezni a t\u00e1rol\u00f3 gy\u00f6ker\u00e9ben egy .config<\/code>, vagy m\u00e1s aj\u00e1nlott gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 szerint kell \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtani.<\/li>\n
          4. \u00d6sszegy\u0171jtj\u00fck mag\u00e1t a bootloader k\u00e9pet a cross compilerrel armhf<\/code>: make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.imx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \nEnnek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt egy f\u00e1jlt kapunk u-boot.imx<\/code>, ez egy k\u00e9sz k\u00e9p, amelyet fel lehet \u00edrni egy USB meghajt\u00f3ra. \u00cdrjunk az SD-k\u00e1rty\u00e1ra, kihagyva az els\u0151 1024 byte-ot. Mi\u00e9rt v\u00e1lasztottam ezt a c\u00e9lt u-boot.imx<\/code>? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 1024 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex>. M\u00e1s alaplapok eset\u00e9n a k\u00e9p el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e9s \u00edr\u00e1si folyamata kicsit elt\u00e9rhet.<\/p>\n

            K\u00e9sz, ind\u00edthat\u00f3. A bootloadernek meg kell jelen\u00edtenie a saj\u00e1t verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t, n\u00e9h\u00e1ny inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t az alaplapr\u00f3l, \u00e9s megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lja megtal\u00e1lni a kernelt az part\u00edci\u00f3n. Sikertelens\u00e9g eset\u00e9n a h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkozik bootolni. \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben a kimenet el\u00e9gg\u00e9 r\u00e9szletes, hiba eset\u00e9n megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a probl\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n

            \u00d6sszegz\u00e9sk\u00e9nt<\/h2>\n

            \nTudtad, hogy a delfin homloka nem csontos? Ez sz\u00f3 szerint a harmadik szem, zs\u00edrlencse az echolok\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz!<\/p>\n

            \"GNU\/Linux<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            \"GNU\/Linux<\/a><\/noindex>
            \n
            Forr\u00e1s:             habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            tl;dr: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 Kali Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 u-boot. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c Flipper One. Kali Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 IMX6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 (\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e 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