{"id":99317,"date":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openssh-8-5"},"modified":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/reliz-openssh-8-5","title":{"rendered":"OpenSSH 8.5 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6t h\u00f3nap fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n megjelent az OpenSSH 8.5, a SSH 2.0 \u00e9s SFTP protokollal m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 kliens \u00e9s szerver ny\u00edlt forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d\u00fa implement\u00e1ci\u00f3ja.    <\/p>\n<p>Az OpenSSH fejleszt\u0151i eml\u00e9keztett\u00e9k a k\u00f6zelg\u0151, a SHA-1 hashel\u00e9sen alapul\u00f3 algoritmusok elavultk\u00e9nt val\u00f3 nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sba v\u00e9tel\u00e9re, a megadott prefixumokkal folytatott \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9si t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9se miatt (az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek kital\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 50 ezer doll\u00e1rra becs\u00fclhet\u0151). A k\u00f6zelg\u0151 kiad\u00e1sok egyik\u00e9ben alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint letiltj\u00e1k az \"ssh-rsa\" ny\u00edlt kulcs\u00fa digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s algoritmus haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t, amely a SSH protokoll eredeti RFC-j\u00e9ben szerepel, \u00e9s a gyakorlatban sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt.    <\/p>\n<p>Az ssh-rsa alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lhat csatlakozni ssh-n kereszt\u00fcl az \"-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa\" opci\u00f3val. Az \"ssh-rsa\" digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerinti letilt\u00e1sa azonban nem jelenti az RSA-kulcsok teljes elhagy\u00e1s\u00e1t, mivel a SHA-1 mellett a SSH protokoll m\u00e1s hash-algoritmusok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t is enged\u00e9lyezi. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az \"ssh-rsa\" mellett lehet\u0151s\u00e9g marad a \"rsa-sha2-256\" (RSA\/SHA256) \u00e9s az \"rsa-sha2-512\" (RSA\/SHA512) p\u00e1rosok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra is.    <\/p>\n<p>Az OpenSSH 8.5-\u00f6s v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1ban az \u00faj algoritmusokra val\u00f3 z\u00f6kken\u0151mentes \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint aktiv\u00e1lva van az UpdateHostKeys be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a kliens automatikus \u00e1tvitel\u00e9t megb\u00edzhat\u00f3bb algoritmusokra. E be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl egy speci\u00e1lis protokollkiterjeszt\u00e9s, a \"hostkeys@openssh.com\" aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a szerver sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n t\u00e1j\u00e9koztassa a klienst az \u00f6sszes el\u00e9rhet\u0151 hosztkulcsr\u00f3l. A kliens ezeket a kulcsokat a saj\u00e1t ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts f\u00e1jlj\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolhatja, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a hosztkulcsok friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a kulcsok egyszer\u0171bb cser\u00e9j\u00e9t. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"szerveren\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2618\">szerveren<\/a>.     <\/p>\n<p>Az UpdateHostKeys haszn\u00e1lata n\u00e9h\u00e1ny felt\u00e9telhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt, amelyek a j\u00f6v\u0151ben visszavonhat\u00f3k: a kulcsnak szerepelnie kell a UserKnownHostsFile- ban, \u00e9s nem haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a GlobalKnownHostsFile- ban; a kulcsnak csak egy n\u00e9v alatt kell szerepelnie; nem alkalmazhat\u00f3 hoszt kulcs tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny; a known_hosts- ban nem alkalmazhat\u00f3k n\u00e9vmaszkok; ki kell kapcsolni a VerifyHostKeyDNS be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st; a UserKnownHostsFile param\u00e9ternek akt\u00edvnak kell lennie.     <\/p>\n<p>A migr\u00e1ci\u00f3ra aj\u00e1nlott algoritmusok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepel az rsa-sha2-256\/512 az RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 alapjain (melyet az OpenSSH 7.2-t\u0151l t\u00e1mogatnak \u00e9s alap\u00e9rtelmezettk\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lnak), a ssh-ed25519 (melyet az OpenSSH 6.5-t\u0151l t\u00e1mogatnak), \u00e9s az ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521 az RFC5656 ECDSA alapjain (melyet az OpenSSH 5.7-t\u0151l t\u00e1mogatnak).           <\/p>\n<p>Egy\u00e9b v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Biztons\u00e1ggal kapcsolatos v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh-agentben megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k azt a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get, amely a m\u00e1r felszabad\u00edtott mem\u00f3ria k\u00e9tszeri felszabad\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l ad\u00f3dott (double-free). A probl\u00e9ma az OpenSSH 8.2 kiad\u00e1s\u00e1val jelentkezett, \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lisan kihaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3, ha a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r a lok\u00e1lis rendszeren tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ssh-agent socketj\u00e9hez. A kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1st nehez\u00edti, hogy a sockethez csak root \u00e9s a kezdeti felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 f\u00e9rhet hozz\u00e1. A legval\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171bb t\u00e1mad\u00e1si forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv az, hogy az \u00fcgyn\u00f6k\u00f6t egy olyan fi\u00f3khoz ir\u00e1ny\u00edtj\u00e1k, amely a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se alatt \u00e1ll, vagy egy olyan hoszthoz, ahol a t\u00e1mad\u00f3nak root hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9se van.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az sshd-ben v\u00e9delmet vezettek be a t\u00fal nagy felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3n\u00e9v param\u00e9terek PAM alrendszerbe t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tad\u00e1s\u00e1val szemben, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) rendszer moduljaiban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s megakad\u00e1lyozza az sshd felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t mint vektort a nemr\u00e9g felfedezett root sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra a Solarisban (CVE-2020-14871).      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok, amelyek potenci\u00e1lisan megs\u00e9rthetik a kompatibilit\u00e1st:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh \u00e9s sshd bevezetett egy k\u00eds\u00e9rleti kulcscsere-m\u00f3dszert, amely ellen\u00e1ll a kvantumsz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sainak. A kvantumsz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek l\u00e9nyegesen gyorsabban oldj\u00e1k meg a term\u00e9szetes sz\u00e1mok pr\u00edmfaktorra bont\u00e1s\u00e1nak feladat\u00e1t, amely a modern aszimmetrikus titkos\u00edt\u00e1si algoritmusok alapj\u00e1t k\u00e9pezi, \u00e9s klasszikus processzorokon hat\u00e9konyan megoldhatatlan. A haszn\u00e1lt m\u00f3dszer az NTRU Prime algoritmuson alapul, amelyet posztkvantum kriptogr\u00e1fiai rendszerekhez fejlesztettek ki, \u00e9s az X25519 elliptikus g\u00f6rb\u00e9k alap\u00fa kulcscsere-m\u00f3dszere. A sntrup4591761x25519-sha512@tinyssh.org helyett a m\u00f3dszer most sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com n\u00e9ven azonos\u00edthat\u00f3 (a sntrup4591761 algoritmust sntrup761-re cser\u00e9lt\u00e9k).\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh \u00e9s sshd m\u00f3dos\u00edtotta a t\u00e1mogatott digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1si algoritmusok bejelent\u00e9si sorrendj\u00e9t. Mostant\u00f3l az ED25519 ker\u00fcl els\u0151k\u00e9nt aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sra az ECDSA helyett.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh \u00e9s sshd eset\u00e9ben a TOS\/DSCP min\u0151s\u00e9gbiztos\u00edt\u00e1si param\u00e9terek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa interakt\u00edv \u00fcl\u00e9sekhez mostant\u00f3l a TCP-kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa el\u0151tt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh \u00e9s sshd le\u00e1ll\u00edtotta a rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se titkos\u00edt\u00f3, amely az aes256-cbc-nek felel meg, t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t, amelyet a RFC-4253 j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00e1sa el\u0151tt haszn\u00e1ltak.\n<li class=\"l\"> Alap\u00e9rtelmezetten le van tiltva a CheckHostIP param\u00e9ter, amelynek haszna csek\u00e9ly, de a haszn\u00e1lata jelent\u0151sen megnehez\u00edti a terhel\u00e9seloszt\u00f3k m\u00f6g\u00f6tti hosztok kulcsainak rot\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az sshd-be bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fcltek a PerSourceMaxStartups \u00e9s PerSourceNetBlockSize be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok a klaszterekhez val\u00f3 kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kliens c\u00edm\u00e9nek intenzit\u00e1s\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Ezek a param\u00e9terek finomabb ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1st tesznek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 a folyamatind\u00edt\u00e1si korl\u00e1tok felett a MaxStartups glob\u00e1lis be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz k\u00e9pest.\n<li class=\"l\">  Az ssh \u00e9s sshd a LogVerbose \u00faj be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st vezette be, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a napl\u00f3zott hibakeres\u00e9si inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k szintj\u00e9nek k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett emel\u00e9s\u00e9t mint\u00e1k, funkci\u00f3k \u00e9s f\u00e1jlok szerinti sz\u0171r\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ggel.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh-ban, amikor \u00faj hoszt kulcsot fogadunk el, bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek az \u00f6sszes hoszt nevei \u00e9s <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-c\u00edmek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"830\">IP-c\u00edmek<\/a>, amelyek a kulcshoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh-ban lehet\u0151s\u00e9g van a UserKnownHostsFile=none opci\u00f3 megad\u00e1s\u00e1ra a known_hosts f\u00e1jl haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak letilt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a hoszt kulcsok azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh_config-ben az ssh sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra hozz\u00e1adott a KnownHostsCommand be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a known_hosts adatok megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9t a megadott parancs kimenet\u00e9b\u0151l.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh_config-ben az ssh sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra hozz\u00e1adott a PermitRemoteOpen opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a c\u00e9lpont korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1t a RemoteForward opci\u00f3 SOCKS haszn\u00e1latakor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ssh-ben a FIDO kulcsok eset\u00e9ben \u00fajra k\u00e9rik a PIN-t, ha a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s m\u0171velete meghi\u00fasul a helytelen PIN miatt, \u00e9s a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3n\u00e1l nem k\u00e9rik a PIN-t (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ha nem siker\u00fclt helyes biometrikus adatokat kapni, \u00e9s az eszk\u00f6z vissza\u00e1llt a PIN k\u00e9zi bevitel\u00e9re).\n<li class=\"l\"> Az sshd-hez a seccomp-bpf alap\u00fa folyamatizol\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmushoz Linux platformon \u00faj rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1sok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa ker\u00fclt hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Friss\u00fclt a contrib\/ssh-copy-id seg\u00e9dprogram.          <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54690\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.5, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 OpenSSH \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438 SHA-1, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 50 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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