{"id":99320,"date":"2021-03-03T16:22:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot"},"modified":"2021-03-03T16:22:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T14:22:39","slug":"trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","title":{"rendered":"Nehezen orvosolhat\u00f3 sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek a GRUB2-ben, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik az UEFI Secure Boot megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1gra ker\u00fcltek inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k nyolc sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gr\u0151l a GRUB2 bet\u00f6lt\u0151ben, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik az UEFI Secure Boot mechanizmus megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a nem ellen\u0151rz\u00f6tt k\u00f3d futtat\u00e1s\u00e1t, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00e1rt\u00e9kony szoftver telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t a bet\u00f6lt\u0151 vagy a kernel szintj\u00e9n.      <\/p>\n<p>Eml\u00e9keztet\u00fcnk arra, hogy a legt\u00f6bb Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3ban az UEFI Secure Boot m\u00f3d\u00fa, ellen\u0151rz\u00f6tt ind\u00edt\u00e1shoz egy kis shim r\u00e9teg sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, amelyet a Microsoft digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sa hiteles\u00edt. Ez a r\u00e9teg a GRUB2-t a saj\u00e1t tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1val hiteles\u00edti, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k fejleszt\u0151i sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy ne kelljen minden kernel \u00e9s GRUB friss\u00edt\u00e9st a Microsoftn\u00e1l hiteles\u00edteni\u00fck. A GRUB2-ben l\u00e9v\u0151 sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy a k\u00f3dunk v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa a shim sikeres hiteles\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n, de a oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer bet\u00f6lt\u00e9se el\u0151tt t\u00f6rt\u00e9njen, beavatkozva a bizalmi l\u00e1ncba az akt\u00edv Secure Boot m\u00f3d sor\u00e1n, \u00e9s teljes kontrollt kapva a tov\u00e1bbi bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si folyamat felett, bele\u00e9rtve m\u00e1s oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t, az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a Lockdown v\u00e9delem megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t.     <\/p>\n<p>Ahogyan a tavalyi BootHole sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gn\u00e9l is, a probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1hoz nem elegend\u0151 a bet\u00f6lt\u0151 friss\u00edt\u00e9se, mivel a t\u00e1mad\u00f3, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t\u00f3l, felhaszn\u00e1lhat egy r\u00e9gi sebezhet\u0151 GRUB2 verzi\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 ind\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00e9di\u00e1t, amely digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1ssal van hiteles\u00edtve az UEFI Secure Boot kompromitt\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A probl\u00e9ma csak a visszavont tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1j\u00e1nak (dbx, UEFI Revocation List) friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel oldhat\u00f3 meg, de ebben az esetben elveszik a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g a r\u00e9gi Linux telep\u00edt\u0151 m\u00e9di\u00e1k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra.         <\/p>\n<p>Azokban a rendszerekben, ahol a visszavont tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1ja friss\u00edtve lett, az UEFI Secure Boot m\u00f3dban csak a friss\u00edtett Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyei t\u00f6lthet\u0151k be. A disztrib\u00faci\u00f3knak friss\u00edteni\u00fck kell az install\u00e1l\u00f3kat, a bet\u00f6lt\u0151ket, a kernel csomagokat, az fwupd firmware-t \u00e9s a shim r\u00e9teget, \u00faj digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sokat gener\u00e1lva sz\u00e1mukra. A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak friss\u00edteni\u00fck kell az install\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00e9peket \u00e9s egy\u00e9b bet\u00f6lt\u0151 m\u00e9di\u00e1kat, valamint be kell t\u00f6lteni\u00fck a visszavont tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1j\u00e1t (dbx) az UEFI firmware-be. A dbx friss\u00edt\u00e9se el\u0151tt az UEFI rendszer sebezhet\u0151 marad, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer friss\u00edt\u00e9seit\u0151l. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kijav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak st\u00e1tusz\u00e1t az al\u00e1bbi oldalakon lehet ellen\u0151rizni: Ubuntu, SUSE, RHEL, Debian.    <\/p>\n<p>A j\u00f6v\u0151ben a visszavont tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok eloszt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l ad\u00f3d\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1k megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra a SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting) mechanizmusk\u00e9nt val\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t tervezik, amelynek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a GRUB2, shim \u00e9s fwupd rendszerekben megval\u00f3sult, \u00e9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 friss\u00edt\u00e9sek sor\u00e1n a dbxtool csomag \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott funkci\u00f3k helyett fogj\u00e1k haszn\u00e1lni. A SBAT-ot a Microsofttal k\u00f6z\u00f6sen fejlesztett\u00e9k ki, \u00e9s az UEFI komponensek v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jljaiba \u00faj metaadatok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1t jelenti, amelyek tartalmazz\u00e1k a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3, term\u00e9k, komponens \u00e9s verzi\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3it. A megadott metaadatokat digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s igazolja, \u00e9s tov\u00e1bbiakban be lehet \u0151ket vonni az UEFI Secure Boot enged\u00e9lyezett vagy letiltott komponenseinek list\u00e1j\u00e1ba. \u00cdgy a SBAT lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a komponensverzi\u00f3k visszavon\u00e1s\u00e1t an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy \u00faj kulcsokat kellene gener\u00e1lni a Secure Boothoz, valamint \u00faj al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sokat kellene l\u00e9trehozni a kernel, shim, grub2 \u00e9s fwupd sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.             <\/p>\n<p>Felt\u00e1rt sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-14372 \u2014 az acpi parancs seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a GRUB2-ben egy privilegiz\u00e1lt helyi felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u00f3dos\u00edtott ACPI t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatokat t\u00f6lthet be, ha az SSDT-t (M\u00e1sodlagos Rendszer Le\u00edr\u00f3 T\u00e1bla) a \/boot\/efi k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba helyezi, \u00e9s m\u00f3dos\u00edtja a grub.cfg be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sait. A Secure Boot m\u00f3d aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1sa mellett a javasolt SSDT v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl a kernelen, \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a LockDown v\u00e9delem kikapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amely blokkolja az UEFI Secure Boot kiker\u00fcl\u00e9si \u00fatvonalakat. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 el\u00e9rheti a saj\u00e1t kernel modulj\u00e1nak bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t vagy k\u00f3d v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t a kexec mechanizmuson kereszt\u00fcl, digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-25632 \u2014 haszn\u00e1lat ut\u00e1ni mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletre val\u00f3 hivatkoz\u00e1s (use-after-free) az rmmod parancs megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban, amely akkor jelentkezik, amikor b\u00e1rmely modult pr\u00f3b\u00e1lunk elt\u00e1vol\u00edtani an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy figyelembe venn\u00e9nk a hozz\u00e1 kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9geket. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g nem z\u00e1rja ki az exploit l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely k\u00f3dot hajthat v\u00e9gre a Secure Boot ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-25647 \u2014 a grub_usb_device_initialize() funkci\u00f3ban a puffert\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s, amely USB-eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1sakor h\u00edv\u00f3dik meg. A probl\u00e9m\u00e1t egy kifejezetten el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edtett USB-eszk\u00f6z csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val lehet kihaszn\u00e1lni, amely olyan param\u00e9tereket ad meg, amelyek nem felelnek meg az USB strukt\u00far\u00e1k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra fenntartott puffer m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 k\u00f3d v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9rheti el, amely nem ellen\u0151rz\u00f6tt a Secure Boot keretein bel\u00fcl, USB-eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel val\u00f3 manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3val.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-27749 \u2014 a grub_parser_split_cmdline() funkci\u00f3ban a puffert\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s, amely akkor jelentkezik, amikor a GRUB2 parancssor\u00e1ban 1 KB-n\u00e1l nagyobb m\u00e9ret\u0171 v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kat adunk meg. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a k\u00f3d v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t a Secure Boot megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-27779 \u2014 a cutmem parancs lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad a t\u00e1mad\u00f3nak, hogy az eml\u00e9kezetb\u0151l egy c\u00edmtartom\u00e1nyt elt\u00e1vol\u00edtson a Secure Boot megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-3418 \u2014 a shim_lockban v\u00e9grehajtott v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok \u00fajabb kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9get teremtettek a tavalyi CVE-2020-15705 sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9ghez. Amikor a GRUB2 al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lt tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyt dbx-ben telep\u00edtettek, a GRUB2 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette b\u00e1rmilyen kernel k\u00f6zvetlen bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-20225 \u2014 lehet\u0151s\u00e9g adatok t\u00fal\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra a buffer m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek hat\u00e1rain k\u00edv\u00fcl, amikor olyan parancsokat ind\u00edtanak, amelyek rendk\u00edv\u00fcl sok opci\u00f3t tartalmaznak.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-20233 \u2014 lehet\u0151s\u00e9g adatok t\u00fal\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra a buffer m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek helytelen sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sa miatt id\u00e9z\u0151jelek haszn\u00e1latakor. A m\u00e9ret sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sakor felt\u00e9telezt\u00e9k, hogy egy egyszeres id\u00e9z\u0151jelet h\u00e1rom karakterrel kell escape-elni, holott val\u00f3j\u00e1ban n\u00e9gy sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.    <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54691\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e 8 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 GRUB2, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c UEFI Secure Boot \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 UEFI Secure Boot \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 shim, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e Microsoft. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 GRUB2 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