{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"A Rust szerepel az Android platform fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez haszn\u00e1lt f\u0151 nyelvek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A Google bejelentette, hogy a Rust programoz\u00e1si nyelv beker\u00fclt a t\u00e1mogathat\u00f3 nyelvek k\u00f6z\u00e9 az Android platformon val\u00f3 fejleszt\u00e9shez. A Rust nyelv ford\u00edt\u00f3ja m\u00e1r 2019 \u00f3ta az Android forr\u00e1sk\u00f3d f\u00e1jlstrukt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, de a nyelv t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa eddig k\u00eds\u00e9rleti st\u00e1tuszban volt. Az els\u0151 Rust-ra \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 komponensek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a Binder k\u00f6ztes folyamat kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmus\u00e1nak \u00faj megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a Bluetooth stack. <\/p>\n

A Rust bevezet\u00e9se egy olyan projekt keret\u00e9ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, amelynek c\u00e9lja a biztons\u00e1g n\u00f6vel\u00e9se, a biztons\u00e1gos programoz\u00e1si technik\u00e1k el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s a mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lati probl\u00e9m\u00e1k gyorsabb felismer\u00e9se az Androidban. Megjegyzik, hogy a felfedezett \u00f6sszes vesz\u00e9lyes sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 70%-\u00e1t mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lati hib\u00e1k okozz\u00e1k az Androidban. A Rust nyelv alkalmaz\u00e1sa, amely a biztons\u00e1gos mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1latra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt \u00e9s automatikus mem\u00f3ria kezel\u00e9s biztos\u00edt, cs\u00f6kkentheti a mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lati hib\u00e1k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az elengedett mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fclet\u00e9re val\u00f3 hivatkoz\u00e1s \u00e9s a puffer t\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9s kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

A Rust-ban a mem\u00f3ria biztons\u00e1gos kezel\u00e9se a ford\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, mellyel \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik a referenci\u00e1k ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se, az objektumok tulajdonl\u00e1s\u00e1nak nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9se \u00e9s az objektumok \u00e9lettartam\u00e1nak figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9nek vizsg\u00e1lata, valamint a mem\u00f3ria hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek helyess\u00e9g\u00e9nek ki\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se a k\u00f3d fut\u00e1sa alatt. A Rust emellett eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket biztos\u00edt az eg\u00e9sz sz\u00e1mok t\u00falt\u00f6lt\u00e9se ellen, k\u00f6telez\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k \u00e9rt\u00e9keinek inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lat el\u0151tt, jobban kezeli a standard k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban el\u0151fordul\u00f3 hib\u00e1kat, bevezeti az immutable (nem v\u00e1ltoztathat\u00f3) referenci\u00e1k \u00e9s v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k alap\u00e9rtelmezett koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1t, \u00e9s er\u0151s statikus t\u00edpust biztos\u00edt a logikai hib\u00e1k minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n

Az Androidban a mem\u00f3ria biztons\u00e1gos kezel\u00e9se m\u00e1r t\u00e1mogatott Kotlin \u00e9s Java nyelvek \u00e1ltal, de ezek nem megfelel\u0151ek rendszerkomponensek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re a magas k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek miatt. A Rust lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a C \u00e9s C++ nyelvekkel \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi alacsony szint\u0171 platform r\u00e9szek \u00e9s a hardverrel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3s komponensek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/p>\n

A k\u00f3d biztons\u00e1g\u00e1nak biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a C \u00e9s C++ programoz\u00e1si nyelveken az Androidban sandbox-izol\u00e1ci\u00f3t, statikus elemz\u00e9st \u00e9s fuzzing-tesztel\u00e9st alkalmaznak. A sandbox-izol\u00e1ci\u00f3 lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei korl\u00e1tozottak \u00e9s a k\u00e9pess\u00e9geik hat\u00e1r\u00e1ra \u00e9rkeztek (tov\u00e1bbi folyamatokra val\u00f3 bont\u00e1s nem indokolt az er\u0151forr\u00e1sfogyaszt\u00e1s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l). A sandbox haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt eml\u00edtik a nagy overhead k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket \u00e9s a mem\u00f3riafogyaszt\u00e1s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t, amelyet \u00faj folyamatok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9ge induk\u00e1l, valamint az IPC haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 k\u00e9sleked\u00e9seket. <\/p>\n

A sandbox ugyanakkor nem sz\u00fcnteti meg a k\u00f3dban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9geket, csup\u00e1n cs\u00f6kkenti a kock\u00e1zatokat \u00e9s bonyol\u00edtja a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t, mivel a kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1shoz nem egy, hanem t\u00f6bb sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get kell azonos\u00edtani. A k\u00f3d tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9n alapul\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerek korl\u00e1tozottak abban, hogy a hib\u00e1k azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a probl\u00e9ma megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket kell l\u00e9trehozni. Az \u00f6sszes lehets\u00e9ges lehet\u0151s\u00e9get lefedni nem re\u00e1lis, \u00edgy sok hiba \u00e9szrev\u00e9tlen marad. <\/p>\n

Android rendszerszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1saihoz a Google a «k\u00e9t szab\u00e1ly» elv\u00e9t k\u00f6veti, amely szerint b\u00e1rmely hozz\u00e1adott k\u00f3dnak legfeljebb k\u00e9t felt\u00e9telnek kell megfelelnie a h\u00e1rom k\u00f6z\u00fcl: ellen\u0151rizetlen bemeneti adatok kezel\u00e9se, nem biztons\u00e1gos programoz\u00e1si nyelv (C\/C++) haszn\u00e1lata, \u00e9s a szigor\u00fa sandbox-izol\u00e1ci\u00f3 hi\u00e1nya (megn\u00f6velt jogosults\u00e1gok). Ebb\u0151l a szab\u00e1lyb\u00f3l k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy a k\u00fcls\u0151 adatok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00f3dot vagy minimaliz\u00e1lni kell a jogosults\u00e1gokat (izol\u00e1lni kell), vagy biztons\u00e1gos programoz\u00e1si nyelven kell meg\u00edrni. <\/p>\n

A Google nem t\u0171zte ki c\u00e9lul, hogy a megl\u00e9v\u0151 C\/C++ k\u00f3dot Rust nyelvre \u00edrja \u00e1t, hanem ezt a nyelvet \u00faj k\u00f3dok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re k\u00edv\u00e1nja felhaszn\u00e1lni. A Rust nyelv \u00faj k\u00f3dokhoz val\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lata indokolt, mivel a statisztik\u00e1k szerint a hib\u00e1k t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge \u00faj vagy nemr\u00e9giben m\u00f3dos\u00edtott k\u00f3dban mer\u00fcl fel. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen, a mem\u00f3riahaszn\u00e1lati hib\u00e1k k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 50%-\u00e1t az Androidban olyan k\u00f3dban tal\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amelyet kevesebb mint egy \u00e9ve \u00edrtak.

\"A<\/center>
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b Android. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 Android \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 Android, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f Binder \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":99683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A Rust az Android platform fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek alapvet\u0151 nyelvei k\u00f6z\u00e9 ker\u00fclt | ProHoster","description":"A Google bejelentette, hogy a Rust programoz\u00e1si nyelvet a platform Android fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9hez enged\u00e9lyezett nyelvek k\u00f6z\u00e9 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