{"id":96138,"date":"2020-10-08T19:42:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/znakomimsya-s-semaforami-v-linux"},"modified":"2020-10-08T19:42:26","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:26","slug":"znakomimsya-s-semaforami-v-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hy\/blog\/administrirovanie\/znakomimsya-s-semaforami-v-linux","title":{"rendered":"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><i>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/kRX0\/\">\u00abAdministrator Linux.Basic\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/93604a8804db099834e873de072cbfc9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 (\u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438) \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u044b (binary semaphore)<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u044b-\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 (counting semaphore)<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (semaphore set)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f IPC<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f (inter-process communication, IPC).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs\n------ Shared Memory Segments --------\nkey shmid owner perms bytes nattch status\n0x00000000 65536 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 98305 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 131074 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 163843 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 196612 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 229381 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 262150 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 294919 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 327688 root 600 393216 2 dest\n------ Semaphore Arrays --------\n\nkey semid owner perms nsems\n\n------ Message Queues --------\nkey msqid owner perms used-bytes messages<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -s\n------ Semaphore Arrays --------\nkey semid owner perms nsems<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -m\n------ Shared Memory Segments --------\nkey shmid owner perms bytes nattch status\n0x00000000 65536 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 98305 root 600 393216 2 dest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u041b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code>ipcs -l<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -l\n------ Shared Memory Limits --------\nmax number of segments = 4096\nmax seg size (kbytes) = 4194303\nmax total shared memory (kbytes) = 1073741824\nmin seg size (bytes) = 1\n\n------ Semaphore Limits --------\nmax number of arrays = 128\nmax semaphores per array = 250\nmax semaphores system wide = 32000\nmax ops per semop call = 32\nsemaphore max value = 32767\n\n------ Messages: Limits --------\nmax queues system wide = 16\nmax size of message (bytes) = 65536\ndefault max size of queue (bytes) = 65536<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -m\n------ Shared Memory Segments --------\nkey shmid owner perms bytes nattch status\n0x00000000 65536 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 98305 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 131074 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 163843 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 196612 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 229381 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 262150 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 294919 root 600 393216 2 dest\n0x00000000 327688 root 600 393216 2 dest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -m -c\n\n------ Shared Memory Segment Creators\/Owners --------\nshmid perms cuid cgid uid gid\n65536 600 root root root root\n98305 600 root root root root\n131074 600 root root root root\n163843 600 root root root root\n196612 600 root root root root\n229381 600 root root root root\n262150 600 root root root root\n294919 600 root root root root\n327688 600 root root root root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 IPC<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 <code>-u<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 IPC.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -u\n\n------ Shared Memory Status --------\nsegments allocated 9\npages allocated 864\npages resident 477\npages swapped 0\nSwap performance: 0 attempts 0 successes\n\n------ Semaphore Status --------\nused arrays = 0\nallocated semaphores = 0\n\n------ Messages: Status --------\nallocated queues = 0\nused headers = 0\nused space = 0 bytes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b ipcrm, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 IPC-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ipcs -a\n# ipcrm -s &lt; sem id&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f <code>sysctl<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># \/sbin\/sysctl -w kernel.sem=250\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/kRX0\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e9f6606dbef02ed0dd83662ed9b40015.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0531\u0572\u0562\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0580: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/522418\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abAdministrator Linux.Basic\u00bb. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 (\u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438) \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abAdministrator Linux.Basic\u00bb.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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