Ụdị oge nke ụbọchị.
Ejirila m afọ ole na ole gara aga nyocha na ịmepụta algọridim dị iche iche maka nhazi akara ngosi oghere n'usoro antenna adaptive, ma na-aga n'ihu na-eme ya dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ m ugbu a. N'ebe a, ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ ihe ọmụma na aghụghọ nke m chọpụtara n'onwe m. Enwere m olileanya na nke a ga-aba uru maka ndị na-amalite ịmụ ebe a nke nhazi mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ ndị nwere mmasị.
Kedu ihe bụ n'usoro antenna adaptive?
- Nke a bụ ihe nhazi antenna etinyere na oghere n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. Enwere ike ịnọchite anya usoro dị mfe nke nhazi antenna mmegharị, nke anyị ga-atụle, n'ụdị a:
A na-akpọkarị eriri antenna na-eme mgbanwe “smart” antennas (). Ihe na-eme nhazi antenna dị “smart” bụ ngalaba nhazi mgbama oghere yana algọridim etinyere na ya. Algọridim ndị a na-enyocha mgbama anatara wee mepụta usoro ọnụọgụ nha $inline$w_1…w_N$inline$, nke na-ekpebi njupụta na akụkụ mbụ nke mgbama maka mmewere ọ bụla. Nkesa njupụta-phase nyere na-ekpebi dum lattice n'ozuzu. Ikike nke ịmepụta usoro radieshon nke ọdịdị achọrọ ma gbanwee ya n'oge nhazi mgbaàmà bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke eriri antenna na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-enye ohere idozi nsogbu dịgasị iche iche. . Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.
Kedu ka e si emepụta ụkpụrụ radieshon?
na-akọwapụta ike mgbama na-ewepụta n'otu ụzọ. Maka ịdị mfe, anyị na-eche na ihe ndị dị na lattice bụ isotropic, ya bụ. maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ha, ike nke mgbaàmà na-apụta anaghị adabere na ntụziaka. The amplification ma ọ bụ attenuation nke ike emitted site grating na a ụfọdụ ntụziaka na-enwetara n'ihi Ebili mmiri eletrik na-ebupụta site na ihe dị iche iche nke n'usoro antenna. Ụkpụrụ nnyonye anya kwụsiri ike maka ebili mmiri electromagnetic ga-ekwe omume naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ha , i.e. ọdịiche nke akụkụ nke akara ekwesịghị ịgbanwe ka oge na-aga. Dị ka o kwesịrị, ihe ọ bụla n'usoro antenna kwesịrị ịgbapụta n'otu oge ụgbọelu $inline$f_{0}$inline$. Agbanyeghị, na omume mmadụ ga-arụ ọrụ na akara mgbanaka warara nwere ụdịdị obosara nke oke $inline$Delta f <<f_{0}$inline$.
Ka ihe niile AR na-ebupụta otu mgbaama $inline$x_n(t)=u(t)$inline$. Mgbe ahụ gawa na nnata, mgbaàmà enwetara site na n-th element nwere ike ịnọchite anya na ụdị:
$$ ngosi$$a_n(t) = u(t-tau_n)e^{i2pi f_0(t-tau_n)}$$ ngosi$$
ebe $inline$tau_n$inline $ bụ igbu oge n'ịgbasa mgbaama site na elementrị antenna ruo ebe nnata.
Ihe mgbaàmà dị otú ahụ bụ "Quasi-harmonic", na iji mejuo ọnọdụ ịdị n'otu, ọ dị mkpa na njedebe kachasị na mgbasa nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'etiti ihe abụọ ọ bụla dị ntakịrị karịa oge njirimara nke mgbanwe na envelopu mgbaàmà $ inline $ T$ inline $, i.e. $inline$u(t-tau_n) ≈ u(t-tau_m)$inline$. Ya mere, enwere ike dee ọnọdụ maka njikọta nke mgbaama warara dị ka ndị a:
$$ ngosi$$T≈frac{1}{Delta f}>>frac{D_{max}}{c}=max(tau_k-tau_m) $$ ngosi$$
ebe $inline$D_{max}$inline $ bụ oke anya n'etiti ihe AR, na $inline$с$inline$ bụ ọsọ nke ọkụ.
Mgbe enwetara mgbaama, a na-eme nchikota ọnụ n'usoro n'usoro nhazi oghere. N'okwu a, a na-ekpebi uru mgbagwoju anya nke mgbaàmà dijitalụ na mmepụta nke ngọngọ a site na okwu a:
$$ ngosi$$y=sum_{n=1}^Nw_n^*x_n$$ ngosi$$
Ọ ka mma ịnọchite anya okwu ikpeazụ n'ụdị ahụ N-akụkụ mgbagwoju anya vectors n'ụdị matriks:
$$ ngosi$$y=(textbf{w},textbf{x})=textbf{w}^Htextbf{x}$$ ngosi$$
ebe w и x bụ kọlụm vectors, na $inline$(.)^H$inline$ bụ ọrụ .
Ngosipụta vector nke akara bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ arrays antenna, n'ihi na na-enyekarị gị ohere ịzenarị mgbako mgbakọ na mwepụ siri ike. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ịchọpụta mgbaàmà natara n'otu oge na vector na-enyekarị mmadụ ohere ịpụpụ n'ezie na usoro anụ ahụ ma ghọta ihe kpọmkwem na-eme site n'echiche nke geometry.
Iji gbakọọ usoro radieshon nke eriri antenna, ịkwesịrị iji uche na usoro wee “wepụta” otu nke site n'akụkụ niile enwere ike. Na nke a, ụkpụrụ nke vector ọcha x enwere ike ịnọchite anya n'ụdị a:
$$ ngosi$$x_n=s_n=exp{-i(textbf{k}(phi,theta),textbf{r}_n)}$$ ngosi$$
ebe k - , $inline$phi$inline$ na $inline$theta$inline$ - и , N'ịkọwa ntụzịaka ọbịbịa nke ikuku ụgbọ elu, $inline$textbf{r}_n$inline$ bụ nhazi nke elementrị antenna, $inline$s_n$inline$ bụ mmewere nke vector phasing. s ụgbọ elu ife na ife vector k (n'akwụkwọ Bekee, a na-akpọ vector phasing steerage vector). Ndabere nke njupụta squared nke ọnụọgụgụ y site na $inline$phi$inline$ na $inline$theta$inline$ na-ekpebi usoro radieshon nke nhazi antenna maka nnabata maka vector nyere nke ọnụọgụ nha. w.
Atụmatụ nke ụkpụrụ radieshon n'usoro radieshon
Ọ dị mma iji mụọ njirimara izugbe nke usoro radieshon nke usoro antenna n'usoro eriri kwụ ọtọ n'usoro n'usoro ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ (ya bụ, ụkpụrụ ahụ dabere naanị na akụkụ azimuthal $ inline$ phi$ inline $). Dị mma site n'echiche abụọ: nchịkọta nyocha na ihe ngosi anya.
Ka anyị gbakọọ DN maka otu vector ịdị arọ ($ inline$w_n=1, n = 1 ... N$inline$), na-eso nke akọwara. nso.
Math ebe a
Ntụle nke vector ife na axis kwụ ọtọ: $inline$k_v=-frac{2pi}{lambda}sinphi$inline$
Nchikota vetikal nke mmewere antenna nwere index n: $inline$r_{nv}=(n-1)d$inline$
ọ bụ d - oge nhazi antenna (anya n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ), λ - ogologo ogologo. Ihe ndị ọzọ niile vector r hà nhata na efu.
A na-edekọ akara ngosi nke n'usoro antenna natara n'ụdị a:
$$ ngosi$$y=sum_{n=1}^{N}1 ⋅exp{i2pi nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}$$ ngosi$$
Ka anyị tinye usoro maka и :
$$display$$y=frac{1-exp{i2pi Nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}{1-exp{i2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}=frac{sin(pi frac{Nd}) {lambda}sinphi)}{sin(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)}exp{ipi frac{d(N-1)}{lambda}sinphi}$$display$$
N'ihi ya, anyị na-enweta:
$$ ngosi$$F(phi)=|y|^2=frac{sin^2(pi frac{Nd}{lambda}sinphi)}{sin^2(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)} $ $ ngosi $$
Ugboro nke ụkpụrụ radieshon
Ihe na-esi na antenna array radieshon bụ ọrụ nke sine nke akụkụ. Nke a pụtara na na ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke ruru d/λ o nwere diffraction (agbakwunyere) maxima.
Ụkpụrụ radieshon na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ nke nhazi antenna maka N = 5
Ụkpụrụ radieshon ahaziri nke ọma nke nhazi antenna maka N = 5 n'ime usoro nhazi pola
Enwere ike ịlele ọnọdụ nke "ndị nchọpụta diffraction" ozugbo site na maka DN. Otú ọ dị, anyị ga-agbalị ịghọta ebe ha si na anụ ahụ na geometrically (na N-akụkụ oghere).
Ihe vector s bụ mgbagwoju anya exponents $inline$e^{iPsi n}$inline$, ụkpụrụ ya bụ nke a na-ekpebi site na uru nke akụkụ n'ozuzu ya $inline$Psi = 2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi$inline$. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere akụkụ abụọ n'ozuzu ya kwekọrọ na ntụziaka dị iche iche nke mbata nke ikuku ụgbọ elu, nke $ inline$ Psi_1 = Psi_2 + 2pi m$ inline $, nke a pụtara ihe abụọ:
- N'anụ ahụ: ihu ụgbọ elu na-efegharị n'ihu na-abịa site na ntụzịaka ndị a na-ebute nkesa njupụta-n'ogo nke oscillations electromagnetic na akụkụ nke n'usoro antenna.
- Jiometrically: n'ihi na ụzọ abụọ a dakọtara.
Ntuziaka nke mbata ebili mmiri metụtara n'ụzọ dị otú a bụ otu n'otu n'otu site na echiche nke eriri antenna na-enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na ibe ya.
Kedu otu esi achọpụta mpaghara akụkụ nke naanị otu isi kachasị nke DP na-agha ụgha mgbe niile? Ka anyị mee nke a na gburugburu zero azimuth site na ntụle ndị a: ịdị ukwuu nke mgbanwe usoro n'etiti ihe abụọ dị n'akụkụ ga-adịrịrị na nso $ inline$-pi$inline$ ruo $inline$pi$inline$.
$$ ngosi$$-pi<2pifrac{d}{lambda}sinphi
Na-edozi ahaghị nhata a, anyị na-enweta ọnọdụ maka mpaghara pụrụ iche na gburugburu efu:
$$ ngosi$$|sinphi|
Enwere ike ịhụ na oke mpaghara nke iche iche na akụkụ na-adabere na njikọ ahụ d/λ. Ọ bụrụ d = 0.5λ, Mgbe ahụ, ntụziaka ọ bụla nke mbata mgbaàmà bụ "onye", na mpaghara nke pụrụ iche na-ekpuchi akụkụ zuru ezu nke akụkụ. Ọ bụrụ d = 2.0λ, mgbe ahụ ntụziaka 0, ± 30, ± 90 bụ otu. Lobes diffraction na-apụta na ụkpụrụ radieshon.
Na-emekarị, a na-achọ mgbanaka lobes site na iji ihe antenna ntụzi aka. N'okwu a, usoro radieshon zuru oke nke nhazi antenna bụ ngwaahịa nke ụkpụrụ nke otu ihe na ọtụtụ ihe isotropic. A na-ahọrọkarị usoro nke otu mmewere dabere na ọnọdụ maka mpaghara enweghị mgbagha nke nhazi antenna.
Isi lobe obosara
usoro injinia maka ịkọ obosara nke isi lobe nke sistemu antenna: $inline$Delta phi ≈ frac{lambda}{D}$inline$, ebe D bụ njirimara nha nke antenna. A na-eji usoro a maka ụdị antenna dị iche iche, gụnyere nke enyo. Ka anyị gosi na ọ dịkwa irè maka nhazi antenna.
Ka anyị chọpụta obosara nke lobe isi site na zeros nke mbụ nke ụkpụrụ na nso nso nke isi. Ọnụọgụgụ maka $inline$F(phi)$inline$ na-apụ n'anya mgbe $inline$sinphi=mfrac{lambda}{dN}$inline$. Zerọs mbụ dabara na m = ±1. $inline$frac{lambda}{dN}<<1$inline$ anyi nwetara $inline$Delta phi = 2frac{lambda}{dN}$inline$.
Dịka, a na-ekpebi obosara nke ụkpụrụ nduzi antenna site na ọkwa ọkara ike (-3 dB). N'okwu a, jiri okwu a:
$$ ngosi $$Delta phi≈0.88frac{lambda}{dN}$$ ngosi$$
Ihe nlele:
Enwere ike ịchịkwa obosara nke lobe isi site na ịtọ ụkpụrụ njupụta dị iche iche maka ọnụọgụ nha nha nke antenna. Ka anyị tụlee nkesa atọ:
- Nkesa njupụta uwe (arọ 1): $inline$w_n=1$inline$.
- Ọnụ ahịa njupụta na-agbada na nsọtụ nke grating (arọ 2): $inline$w_n=0.5+0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
- Ụkpụrụ njupụta na-abawanye na nsọtụ nke grating (arọ 3): $inline$w_n=0.5-0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi ụkpụrụ radieshọn anabatara n'ọtụtụ logarithmic:
Enwere ike ịchọta usoro ndị a site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ: nkesa nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na-ebelata n'akụkụ ọnụ nke nhazi ahụ na-eduga n'ịgbasa isi nke lobe nke ụkpụrụ ahụ, mana mbelata ọkwa nke lobes n'akụkụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu na-abawanye na nsọtụ nke eriri antenna, kama nke ahụ, na-eduga na mbelata nke isi lobe na mmụba na ọkwa nke lobes n'akụkụ. Ọ dị mma ịtụle ịmachi ikpe ebe a:
- Ngosipụta nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ịdị arọ nke ihe niile ma e wezụga ndị dị oke egwu ruru efu. Ihe dị arọ maka ihe ndị dị n'èzí hà nhata. N'okwu a, lattice na-aghọ ihe dị ka ihe abụọ AR nwere oge D = (N-1)d. Ọ naghị esiri ike ịkọ obosara nke petal isi site na iji usoro a gosipụtara n'elu. N'okwu a, akụkụ dị n'akụkụ ga-aghọ diffraction maxima ma kwekọọ na isi kachasị.
- Ibu nke etiti etiti bụ otu, na ndị ọzọ niile hà nhata zero. N'okwu a, anyị nwetara otu antenna nwere usoro radieshon isotropic.
Ntuziaka nke isi kacha
Yabụ, anyị lere anya ka ị ga-esi dozie obosara nke isi lobe nke AP AP. Ugbu a, ka anyị hụ otú e si eduzi ntụziaka ahụ. Ka anyị cheta maka mgbama natara. Ka anyị chọọ ka ụkpụrụ kacha nke radieshon ga-ele anya na ntụzịaka $inline$phi_0$inline$. Nke a pụtara na a ga-enweta ike kachasị site na ntụziaka a. Ntụziaka a dabara na vector na-agba ọsọ $inline$textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$ na N- akụkụ vector ohere, na ike natara ka akọwara dị ka square ngwaahịa scalar nke a phasing vector na vector nke weighting ọnụọgụgụ. w. Ngwaahịa scalar nke vector abụọ kachasị elu mgbe ha , i.e. $inline$textbf{w}=beta textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$, ebe β – ụfọdụ normalizing ihe. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na anyị ahọrọ vector dị arọ hà nhata vector phasing maka ntụziaka achọrọ, anyị ga-atụgharị kacha nke usoro radieshon.
Tụlee ihe nrịbama ndị a dị ka ọmụmaatụ: $inline$textbf{w}=textbf{s}(10°)$inline$
$$display$$w_n=exp{i2pifrac{d}{lambda}(n-1)sin(10pi/180)}$$ ngosi$$
N'ihi ya, anyị na-enweta usoro radieshon na isi ihe kachasị na ntụziaka nke 10 °.
Ugbu a, anyị na-etinye otu ọnụọgụ nha nha, mana ọ bụghị maka nnabata mgbaama, mana maka nnyefe. Ọ bara uru ịtụle ebe a na mgbe ị na-ebufe mgbaàmà, ntụziaka nke vector na-efegharị na-agbanwe na nke ọzọ. Nke a pụtara na ihe ndị ahụ maka nnabata na nnyefe ha dị iche na akara nke exponent, i.e. na-ejikọta ọnụ site na mgbagwoju anya njikọ. N'ihi ya, anyị na-enweta ihe kachasị nke usoro radieshon maka nnyefe na ntụziaka nke -10 Celsius, nke na-adịghị adaba na nke kachasị nke usoro radieshon maka nnabata na otu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị arọ, iji dozie ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie ọnọdụ ahụ. tinye mgbagwoju anya conjugation na arọ ọnụọgụ dị ka nke ọma.
Akụkụ akọwapụtara nke nhazi usoro maka nnabata na nnyefe kwesịrị iburu n'uche mgbe niile mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ arrays antenna.
Ka anyị jiri ụkpụrụ radieshon gwuo egwu
Ọtụtụ elu
Ka anyị tọọ ọrụ nke ịmepụta maxima abụọ nke usoro radieshon na ntụziaka: -5 ° na 10 °. Iji mee nke a, anyị na-ahọrọ dị ka a arọ nchikota nke phasing vectors maka ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ.
$$ ngosi$$textbf{w} = betatextbf{s}(10°)+(1-beta)textbf{s}(-5°)$$ ngosi$$
Na-edozi oke β Ị nwere ike ịhazigharị nha n'etiti isi petals. Ebe a ọzọ ọ dị mma ile anya ihe na-eme na vector space. Ọ bụrụ β karịrị 0.5, mgbe ahụ vector nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ dị nso s(10°), ma ọ bụghị ya s(-5°). Ihe dị arọ nke vector dị nso bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe, ka ngwaahịa scalar kwekọrọ na ya, ya mere uru nke DP kacha kwekọọ.
Otú ọ dị, ọ bara uru ịtụle na abụọ petals bụ isi nwere oke obosara, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị chọrọ ịkwanye n'akụkụ abụọ dị nso, mgbe ahụ, petals ndị a ga-ejikọta n'ime otu, na-adabere n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'etiti.
Otu kacha na efu
Ugbu a, ka anyị gbalịa ịhazigharị kacha nke ụkpụrụ radieshon gaa na ntụzịaka $inline$phi_1=10°$inline$ ma n'otu oge ahụ kwụsịtụ mgbama na-abịa site na ntụzịaka $inline$phi_2=-5°$inline$. Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị ịtọ zero DN maka akụkụ kwekọrọ. Ị nwere ike ime nke a dị ka ndị a:
$$ ngosi$$textbf{w}=textbf{s}_1-frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{N}textbf{s}_2$$ ngosi$$
ebe $inline$textbf{s}_1 = textbf{s}(10°)$inline$, na $inline$textbf{s}_2 = textbf{s}(-5°)$inline$.
Ihe geometric pụtara ịhọrọ vector dị arọ bụ nke a. Anyị chọrọ vector a w nwere ntule kacha elu na $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ ma bụrụkwa n'otu oge ahụ orthogonal na vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. Enwere ike ị nọchite anya vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ dị ka okwu abụọ: collinear vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$ na vector orthogonal $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. Iji mejuo nkwupụta nsogbu ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ akụkụ nke abụọ dị ka vector nke ọnụọgụ nha w. Enwere ike gbakọọ akụrụngwa collinear site na iji ngwaahịa scalar wepụta vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ n'ime vector $inline$frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}$inline $.
$$ ngosi$$textbf{s}_{1||}=frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{sqrt{N}} $$ ngosi $$
N'ihi ya, iwepụ akụkụ ya collinear na mbụ phasing vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$, anyị na-enweta vector arọ achọrọ.
Ụfọdụ ndetu agbakwunyere
- Ebe ọ bụla dị n'elu, ewepụrụ m okwu nke ịhazi vector dị arọ, ya bụ. ogologo ya. Yabụ, normalization nke vector dị arọ anaghị emetụta njirimara nke usoro radieshon antenna: ntụzịaka nke kachasị, obosara nke lobe isi, wdg. Enwere ike igosi na nhazi a anaghị emetụta SNR na mmepụta nke nhazi nhazi oghere. N'akụkụ a, mgbe ị na-atụle algọridim nhazi mgbama oghere, anyị na-anabatakarị otu nhazi nke vector dị arọ, i.e. $inline$textbf{w}^Htextbf{w}=1$inline$
- A na-ekpebi ohere maka ịmepụta ụkpụrụ nke nhazi antenna site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe N. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe. Ka ogo nke nnwere onwe mgbe ị na-emejuputa nhazi nha nke oghere, ka nhọrọ ndị ọzọ maka otu esi "gbagọ" vector dị arọ na oghere N-akụkụ.
- Mgbe ị na-anata usoro radieshon, eriri antenna adịghị adị n'anụ ahụ, ihe a niile dị naanị na "echiche" nke ngalaba mgbakọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbama. Nke a pụtara na n'otu oge ahụ ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmepụta ọtụtụ usoro na nhazi akara ngosi nke na-esi n'akụkụ dị iche iche na-abịa n'onwe ya. N'ihe gbasara nnyefe, ihe niile dị ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya, mana ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmepụta ọtụtụ DN iji nyefee iyi data dị iche iche. A na-akpọ teknụzụ a na sistemụ nkwukọrịta .
- Iji koodu matlab ewepụtara, ị nwere ike iji DN gwuo egwu n'onwe gị
Usoro% antenna array settings N = 10; % number of elements d = 0.5; % period of antenna array wLength = 1; % wavelength mode = 'receiver'; % receiver or transmitter % weights of antenna array w = ones(N,1); % w = 0.5 + 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = 0.5 - 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s1 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s2 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % w = s1 - (1/N)*s2*s2'*s1; % w = s1; % normalize weights w = w./sqrt(sum(abs(w).^2)); % set of angle values to calculate pattern angGrid_deg = (-90:0.5:90); % convert degree to radian angGrid = angGrid_deg * pi / 180; % calculate set of steerage vectors for angle grid switch (mode) case 'receiver' s = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); case 'transmitter' s = exp(-2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); end % calculate pattern y = (abs(w'*s)).^2; %linear scale plot(angGrid_deg,y/max(y)); grid on; xlim([-90 90]); % log scale % plot(angGrid_deg,10*log10(y/max(y))); % grid on; % xlim([-90 90]);
Kedu nsogbu enwere ike idozi site na iji eriri antenna na-agbanwe agbanwe?
Ezigbo nnabata nke mgbaama amabeghịỌ bụrụ na amabeghị ntụziaka mbata nke mgbaàmà ahụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọwa nkwukọrịta bụ multipath, enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ), mgbe ahụ site n'ịtụle akara ngosi nke eriri antenna natara, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmepụta vector dị arọ kacha mma. w nke mere na SNR na mmepụta nke ngalaba nhazi oghere ga-abụ nke kachasị.
Nnabata mgbaama kacha mma megide mkpọtụ ndabereN'ebe a, a na-eme ka nsogbu ahụ dị ka ndị a: a na-amata oghere oghere nke mgbaàmà bara uru a na-atụ anya ya, ma e nwere isi mmalite nke ntinye aka na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ dị mkpa ịbawanye SINR na mmepụta AP, na-ebelata mmetụta nnyonye anya na nnabata mgbaàmà dịka o kwere mee.
Nbufe mgbaàmà kacha mma nye onye ọrụA na-edozi nsogbu a na sistemụ nkwukọrịta mkpanaka (4G, 5G), yana Wi-Fi. Ihe ọ pụtara dị mfe: iji akara pilot pụrụ iche na ọwa nzaghachi onye ọrụ, a na-enyocha njirimara oghere nke ọwa nzikọrịta ozi, na ndabere ya, a na-ahọrọ vector kachasị mma nke ọnụọgụ nha maka nnyefe.
Mgbasa mgbasa ozi iyi dataNhazi antenna na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enye ohere ịnyefe ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ data n'otu oge n'otu oge, na-akpụpụta ụkpụrụ nke onye ọ bụla n'ime ha. A na-akpọ teknụzụ a MU-MIMO ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike ugbu a (na ebe ọ dịlarị) na sistemụ nkwukọrịta. Enyere ohere nke ịgbasa oghere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọkọlọtọ nkwurịta okwu mkpanaka 4G LTE, ọkọlọtọ IEEE802.11ay Wi-Fi, yana ụkpụrụ nkwurịta okwu mkpanaka 5G.
Ngwa ngwa antenna mebere maka radarUsoro antenna dijitalụ na-eme ka o kwe omume, na-eji ọtụtụ ihe antenna na-ebufe, mepụta usoro antenna mebere nke nwere nnukwu nha maka nhazi mgbaàmà. Grid mebere nwere njirimara niile nke ezigbo, mana ọ chọrọ obere ngwaike iji mejuputa ya.
Atụmatụ paramita nke isi iyi radieshonNhazi antenna na-eme mgbanwe na-enye ohere idozi nsogbu nke ịkọ ọnụọgụgụ, ike, isi mmalite nke ikuku redio, guzobe njikọ ndekọ n'etiti akara sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche. Isi uru dị n'usoro ihe ngbanwe nke antenna n'okwu a bụ ikike iji dozie isi mmalite radieshon dị nso. Isi mmalite, ebe dị anya n'etiti nke na-erughị obosara nke isi lobe nke antenna array radieshon ụkpụrụ (). Nke a ga-ekwe omume karịsịa n'ihi ihe ngosi vector nke mgbaàmà ahụ, ụdị mgbaàmà a maara nke ọma, yana ngwa nke mgbakọ na mwepụ linear.
Daalụ maka itinye uche gị.
isi: www.habr.com