N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ekwu maka counters arụmọrụ nke random ohere ebe nchekwa (RAM) na vSphere.
Ọ dị ka na ebe nchekwa ihe niile doro anya karịa na processor: ọ bụrụ na VM nwere nsogbu arụmọrụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịhụ ha. Ma ọ bụrụ na ha pụtara, ọ na-esi ike karị imeso ha. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.
A bit nke tiori
A na-ewepụ RAM nke igwe mebere na ebe nchekwa ihe nkesa nke VM na-agba. O doro anya :). Ọ bụrụ na RAM nke ihe nkesa ezughị onye ọ bụla, ESXi na-amalite iji usoro mgbake ebe nchekwa iji kwalite oriri RAM. Ma ọ bụghị ya, sistemụ arụmọrụ VM ga-ada na mperi ohere RAM.
Kedu usoro iji ESXi na-ekpebi dabere na ibu RAM:
Ọkwa ebe nchekwa
Ala
Omume
High
400% nke minFree
Mgbe ha ruru oke elu, nnukwu ibe ebe nchekwa na-ekewa n'ime obere (TPS na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọkọlọtọ).
Clear
100% nke minFree
A na-agbaji ibe ebe nchekwa buru ibu n'ime obere, TPS na-amanye ịrụ ọrụ.
Soft
64% nke minFree
TPS + balloon
ike
32% nke minFree
TPS + Compress + Gbanwee
Low
16% nke minFree
Mpịakọta + Gbanwee + Gbochie
minFree bụ RAM achọrọ maka hypervisor ka ọ rụọ ọrụ.
Tupu ESXi 4.1 gụnyere, minFree ka edobere ya na ndabara - 6% nke RAM nke ihe nkesa (enwere ike ịgbanwe pasentị site na nhọrọ Mem.MinFreePct na ESXi). Na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ, n'ihi mmụba nke nha ebe nchekwa na sava, minFree malitere ịgbakọ dabere na ọnụọgụ ebe nchekwa ndị ọbịa, ọ bụghị dị ka pasent nke edoziri.
A na-agbakọ uru minFree (ndabere) dị ka ndị a:
Pasent ebe nchekwa echekwara maka minFree
Oke ebe nchekwa
6%
0-4 GB
4%
4-12 GB
2%
12-28 GB
1%
Ebe nchekwa fọdụrụnụ
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ihe nkesa nwere 128 GB nke RAM, uru MinFree ga-abụ:
MinFree = 245,76 + 327,68 + 327,68 + 1024 = 1925,12MB = 1,88GB
N'ezie uru nwere ike ịdị iche site na di na nwunye nke narị MB, ọ dabere na ihe nkesa na RAM.
Pasent ebe nchekwa echekwara maka minFree
Oke ebe nchekwa
Uru maka 128 GB
6%
0-4 GB
245,76 MB
4%
4-12 GB
327,68 MB
2%
12-28 GB
327,68 MB
1%
Ebe nchekwa fọdụrụ (100 GB)
1024 MB
Ọtụtụ mgbe, maka nkwụ na-arụpụta ihe, ọ bụ naanị steeti dị elu ka enwere ike were dị ka ihe nkịtị. Maka ule na bench mmepe, steeti Clear/Soft nwere ike ịnakwere. Ọ bụrụ na RAM na onye ọbịa ahụ erughị 64% MinFree, mgbe ahụ VM na-agba ọsọ na ya nwere nsogbu arụmọrụ.
Na steeti ọ bụla, a na-etinye ụfọdụ usoro mgbake ebe nchekwa, malite na TPS, nke anaghị emetụta arụmọrụ VM, wee kwụsị na Swapping. Aga m agwa gị ihe gbasara ha.
Ịkekọrịta ibe nke transperent (TPS). TPS bụ, roughly ikwu okwu, deduplication nke mebere igwe ebe nchekwa ibe na ihe nkesa.
ESXi na-achọ ibe ibe nke RAM mebere igwe site n'ịgụ na atụnyere nchikota hash nke ibe ahụ, wee wepụ ibe akwụkwọ oyiri, dochie ha na njikọ nke otu ibe na ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nke ihe nkesa. N'ihi ya, a na-ebelata oriri ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ yana enwere ike nweta ndebanye aha na ebe nchekwa na obere mmebi ma ọ bụ enweghị arụ ọrụ.
Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ naanị maka ibe ebe nchekwa 4 KB (obere ibe). Onye hypervisor anaghị agbalịkwa iwepụ ibe nke 2 MB (nnukwu ibe): ohere ịchọta ibe nke nha a adịghị oke.
Site na ndabara, ESXi na-ekenye ebe nchekwa na ibe buru ibu. Ịmejie nnukwu ibe n'ime obere ibe na-amalite mgbe a na-erute elu steeti dị elu ma na-amanye mgbe a ga-erute steeti Clear (lee okpokoro hypervisor steeti).
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka TPS malite ịrụ ọrụ na-echeghị ka RAM onye ọbịa mejupụta, na Nhọrọ dị elu ESXi ịkwesịrị ịtọ uru. "Mem.AllocGuestLargepage" ruo 0 (nke mbụ 1). Mgbe ahụ oke nke nnukwu ebe nchekwa ibe maka mebere igwe ga-enwe nkwarụ.
Kemgbe Disemba 2014, na ntọhapụ niile nke ESXi, TPS n'etiti VM nwere nkwarụ site na ndabara, dịka achọpụtara adịghị ike nke na-enye ohere ịnweta site na otu VM gaa na RAM nke VM ọzọ. Nkọwa ebe a. Ahụbeghị m ozi gbasara mmejuputa iwu bara uru nke iji adịghị ike TPS eme ihe.
Amụma TPS na-achịkwa site na nhọrọ dị elu "Mem.ShareForce Salting" na ESXi:
0 - Inter-VM TPS. TPS na-arụ ọrụ maka ibe nke VM dị iche iche;
1 - TPS maka VM nwere otu "sched.mem.pshare.salt" uru na VMX;
2 (nke ndabara) - Intra-VM TPS. TPS na-arụ ọrụ maka ibe n'ime VM.
Ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ịgbanyụ nnukwu ibe wee gbanye Inter-VM TPS na bench ule. Enwere ike iji ya maka ihe nkwụnye nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke otu ụdị VM. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nkwụnye VDI, nchekwa ego na ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nwere ike iru pasent iri.
ebe nchekwa balloon. Ịgba balloon abụghịzi usoro na-adịghị emerụ ahụ na nke doro anya maka sistemụ arụmọrụ VM dị ka TPS. Mana site na ngwa kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ibi ndụ ma rụọ ọrụ na Ballooning.
Yana Vmware Tools, etinyere ọkwọ ụgbọ ala pụrụ iche a na-akpọ Balloon Driver (aka vmmemctl) na VM. Mgbe hypervisor malitere ịpụ na ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ wee banye na steeti Soft, ESXi na-arịọ VM ka ọ nwetaghachi RAM ejighi ya site na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Balloon a. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, n'aka nke ya, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọkwa sistemụ ma rịọ ya ebe nchekwa efu. Onye hypervisor na-ahụ ibe nke ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Balloon ji, were ebe nchekwa ahụ na igwe mebere ma weghachi ya na onye ọbịa. Enweghị nsogbu na ọrụ nke OS, ebe ọ bụ na ọkwa OS na-arụ ọrụ ebe nchekwa Balloon Driver. Site na ndabara, ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Balloon nwere ike were ihe ruru 65% nke ebe nchekwa VM.
Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ngwaọrụ VMware na VM ma ọ bụ nwee nkwarụ (anaghị m akwado, mana enwere :), hypervisor na-agbanwe ozugbo gaa na usoro iwepụ ebe nchekwa siri ike karị. Mmechi: hụ na Ngwa VMware dị na VM.
Enwere ike ịlele ọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala balloon site na OS site na Ngwa VMware.
mkpakọ ebe nchekwa. A na-eji usoro a eme ihe mgbe ESXi rutere steeti Hard. Dị ka aha ahụ pụtara, ESXi na-anwa ibelata ibe 4KB RAM n'ime 2KB wee wepụta ohere ụfọdụ na ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nke sava ahụ. Usoro a na-abawanye ohere ịnweta ọdịnaya nke ibe VM RAM nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ibe ahụ ga-ebu ụzọ ghara ibu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụghị akwụkwọ niile nwere ike ịmekọrịta ma usoro ahụ n'onwe ya na-ewe oge. Ya mere, usoro a adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na omume.
mgbanwe ebe nchekwa. Mgbe obere oge mkpakọ ebe nchekwa gachara, ESXi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-apụghị izere ezere (ọ bụrụ na VM ahapụbeghị maka ndị ọbịa ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ) ga-agbanwe na Swapping. Ma ọ bụrụ na ebe nchekwa dị ntakịrị (ala ala), mgbe ahụ hypervisor na-akwụsị ịkenye ibe ebe nchekwa na VM, nke nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu na OS ọbịa nke VM.
Nke a bụ ka Swapping si arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ị gbanyere igwe mebere, a na-emepụta faịlụ nwere ndọtị .vswp maka ya. Ọ hà nhata na RAM nke VM enweghị nchekwa: ọ bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti ahaziri na ebe nchekwa echekwara. Mgbe Swapping na-agba ọsọ, ESXi na-ebutu ibe ebe nchekwa igwe mebere n'ime faịlụ a wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ya kama ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nke nkesa. N'ezie, ebe nchekwa "arụ ọrụ" dị otú ahụ bụ ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị nwayọọ karịa nke dị adị, ọ bụrụgodị na .vswp dị na nchekwa ngwa ngwa.
N'adịghị ka Ballooning, mgbe ewepụrụ ibe ndị na-ejighị ya na VM, yana Swapping, ibe ndị OS ma ọ bụ ngwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime VM nwere ike ịkwaga na diski. N'ihi ya, arụmọrụ nke VM na-adaba ruo n'ókè nke oyi. VM na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma opekata mpe enwere ike gbanyụọ ya nke ọma site na OS. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ndidi 😉
Ọ bụrụ na VM gara Swap, nke a bụ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, nke a na-ezere nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume.
Igodo arụmọrụ VM ebe nchekwa
Ya mere, anyị ruru n'isi ihe. Iji nyochaa ọnọdụ ebe nchekwa dị na VM, enwere ọnụọgụ ndị a:
Active - na-egosi ọnụọgụ RAM (KB) nke VM nwetara na oge nha gara aga.
ojiji - dị ka Arụ Ọrụ, mana dịka pasent nke RAM ahaziri VM. Gbakọọ na-eji usoro a: arụ ọrụ ÷ mebere igwe ahaziri nha ebe nchekwa.
Ojiji dị elu na arụ ọrụ, n'otu n'otu, abụghị mgbe niile na-egosi nsogbu arụmọrụ VM. Ọ bụrụ na VM na-eji ebe nchekwa ike (opekata mpe nweta ya), nke a apụtaghị na ebe nchekwa ezughị oke. Kama, ọ bụ oge ịhụ ihe na-eme na OS.
Enwere oti mkpu iji ebe nchekwa ọkọlọtọ maka VM:
nnwekọrịta - ego nke VM RAM ewepụtara site na iji TPS (n'ime VM ma ọ bụ n'etiti VM).
N'eziokwu - ego nke ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ (KB) nke enyere VM. Gụnyere ekekọrịtara.
Echebara (Enyere - Ekekọrịtara) - ọnụọgụ ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ (KB) nke VM na-eri n'aka onye ọbịa. Agụnyeghị ekekọrịtara.
Ọ bụrụ na enyereghị akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa VM ọ bụghị site na ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nke onye ọbịa, kama site na faịlụ swap, ma ọ bụ na-ewepụ ebe nchekwa site na VM site na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Balloon, a naghị echebara ego a n'uche na Granted and Consumed.
Ụkpụrụ dị elu enwetara na eririri bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị. Sistemu arụ ọrụ nke nta nke nta na-ewere ebe nchekwa site na hypervisor ma ọ naghị enyeghachi ya. Ka oge na-aga, n'ime VM na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ụkpụrụ nke counters ndị a na-abịaru nso ọnụọgụ ebe nchekwa ahaziri, wee nọrọ ebe ahụ.
zero - ọnụọgụ VM RAM (KB), nke nwere efu. A na-ewere ebe nchekwa dị otú ahụ n'efu site na hypervisor ma enwere ike ịnye ya igwe ndị ọzọ mebere. Mgbe OS ọbịa dechara ihe na ebe nchekwa efu, ọ na-abanye n'ime eririri ma ọ naghị alaghachi azụ.
Edobere n'elu - ọnụọgụ VM RAM, (KB) nke hypervisor debere maka ọrụ VM. Nke a bụ obere ego, mana ọ ga-adịrịrị na onye ọbịa, ma ọ bụghị ya, VM agaghị amalite.
fụrụ afụ - ọnụọgụ RAM (KB) ejiri na VM jiri Balloon Driver.
Gbagidere - ọnụọgụ RAM (KB) nke agbakọtara.
Gbanwee - ọnụọgụ RAM (KB) nke, n'ihi enweghị ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ na ihe nkesa, kwagara na diski.
Balloon na usoro mgbake ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ counter bụ efu.
Nke a bụ ka eserese nwere akara ebe nchekwa dị ka VM na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nwere 150 GB nke RAM.
Na eserese dị n'okpuru, VM nwere nsogbu doro anya. N'okpuru eserese, ị nwere ike ịhụ na maka VM a, ejiri usoro niile akọwara maka ịrụ ọrụ na RAM. Balloon maka VM a dị ukwuu karịa eririri. N'ezie, VM nwụrụ anwụ karịa ndụ.
ESXTOP
Dị ka ọ dị na CPU, ọ bụrụ na anyị chọrọ ngwa ngwa nyochaa ọnọdụ dị na onye ọbịa, yana ike ya na nkeji nke ihe ruru 2 sekọnd, anyị kwesịrị iji ESXTOP.
A na-akpọ ihuenyo ESXTOP site na ebe nchekwa na igodo "m" wee yie nke a (a na-ahọrọ mpaghara B, D, H, J, K, L, O):
Paragraf ndị a ga-amasị anyị:
Mem karịrị nkenke - nkezi uru nke ndebanye aha ebe nchekwa na onye ọbịa maka nkeji 1, 5 na 15. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị n'elu efu, mgbe ahụ, nke a bụ oge ịhụ ihe na-eme, ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-egosi nsogbu.
N'ahịrị PMEM/MB и VMKMEM/MB - ozi gbasara ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ nke ihe nkesa yana ebe nchekwa dị na VMkernel. Site na mmasị ebe a ị nwere ike ịhụ uru nke minfree (na MB), ọnọdụ nke onye ọbịa na ebe nchekwa (na anyị ikpe, elu).
N'ahịrị NUMA/MB ị nwere ike ịhụ nkesa RAM site na NUMA nodes (sockets). N'ihe atụ a, nkesa na-adịghị mma, nke, na ụkpụrụ, adịghị mma.
Ihe na-esonụ bụ mkpokọta ihe nkesa na usoro mweghachi ebe nchekwa:
PSHARE/MB bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ TPS;
SWAP/MB - Gbanwee ọnụ ọgụgụ ojiji;
ZIP/MB - ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpakọ ibe ebe nchekwa;
MEMCTL/MB - Ọnụọgụ ojiji ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala balloon.
Maka VM nke ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịmasị ozi ndị a. Ezoro m aha VM ka ọ ghara ịgbagha ndị na-ege ntị :). Ọ bụrụ na metrik ESXTOP yiri counter na vSphere, ana m enye counter kwekọrọ.
MEMSZ - ọnụọgụ nke ebe nchekwa ahaziri na VM (MB).
MEMSZ = onyinye + MCTLSZ + SWCUR + emetụghị aka.
NYE - Enyere MB.
TCHD - Na-arụ ọrụ na MB.
MCTL? - ma etinyere balloon Driver na VM.
MCTLSZ - balloon ka MB.
MCTLGT - ego RAM (MB) nke ESXi chọrọ ịnara na VM site na Balloon Driver (Memctl Target).
MCTLMAX - oke RAM (MB) nke ESXi nwere ike were na VM site na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Balloon.
SWCUR - ego RAM ugbu a (MB) ekenyela VM site na faịlụ Swap.
S.W.G.T. - ego RAM (MB) nke ESXi chọrọ inye VM site na faịlụ Swap (Swap Target).
Ọzọkwa, site na ESXTOP, ị nwere ike ịhụ ozi zuru ezu gbasara NUMA topology nke VM. Iji mee nke a, họrọ mpaghara D, G:
Obere - NUMA ọnụ nke VM dị na ya. N'ebe a, ị nwere ike ịhụ ozugbo wide vm, nke na-adabaghị na otu ọnụ NUMA.
NRMEM - megabytes ole nke ebe nchekwa VM na-ewe site na oghere NUMA dịpụrụ adịpụ.
NLMEM - megabytes ole nke ebe nchekwa VM na-ewe site na ọnụ NUMA mpaghara.
N%L - pasent nke ebe nchekwa VM na oghere NUMA mpaghara (ọ bụrụ na ọ na-erughị 80%, nsogbu arụmọrụ nwere ike ime).
Ebe nchekwa na hypervisor
Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ CPU maka hypervisor anaghị abụkarị mmasị, mgbe ahụ, a na-atụgharị ọnọdụ ahụ na ebe nchekwa. Ojiji ebe nchekwa dị elu na VM anaghị egosi mgbe niile nsogbu arụmọrụ, mana iji ebe nchekwa dị elu na hypervisor na-ebute usoro njikwa ebe nchekwa ma na-ebute nsogbu arụmọrụ na VM. Ekwesịrị ileba anya oti mkpu iji ebe nchekwa ndị ọbịa iji gbochie VM ịbanye na Swap.
unswap
Ọ bụrụ na VM nọ na Swap, arụmọrụ ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Usoro Ballooning na mkpakọ na-apụ n'anya ngwa ngwa mgbe RAM efu pụtara na onye ọbịa, mana igwe mebere adịghị ngwa ngwa ịlaghachi na Swap na RAM nkesa.
Tupu ESXi 6.0, naanị ụzọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na ngwa ngwa iji nweta VM na Swap bụ ịmalitegharị (ka ọ bụrụ nke ziri ezi, gbanyụọ/na akpa). Malite na ESXi 6.0, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nke ọma, ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ na ntụkwasị obi iji wepụ VM na Swap apụtala. N'otu n'ime ọgbakọ ndị ahụ, enwere m ike ịkọrọ otu n'ime ndị injinia VMware na-elekọta CPU Scheduler. O doro anya na usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma dịkwa mma. Na ahụmịhe anyị, ọ nweghịkwa nsogbu ọ bụla.
Ezi iwu maka iwepu VM na Swap Duncan Epping. Agaghị m ekwugharị nkọwa zuru ezu, nye naanị ihe atụ nke ojiji ya. Dịka ị na-ahụ na nseta ihuenyo, oge ụfọdụ ka emechara iwu ndị akọwapụtara, Swap na-apụ n'anya na VM.
Ndụmọdụ njikwa ebe nchekwa ESXi
N'ikpeazụ, ebe a bụ ụfọdụ ndụmọdụ ga-enyere gị aka izere nsogbu na arụmọrụ VM n'ihi RAM:
- Zenarị ndebanye aha ebe nchekwa na ụyọkọ na-arụpụta ihe. Ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike ịnwe ~ 20-30% ebe nchekwa efu na ụyọkọ ka DRS (na onye nchịkwa) nwee ohere ịmegharị, na VM adịghị abanye na Swap n'oge njem. Ọzọkwa, echefula banyere oke maka nnabata mmejọ. Ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma mgbe otu ihe nkesa daa na VM na-eji HA, ụfọdụ igwe na-abanyekwa na Swap.
- N'ime akụrụngwa agbakọtara nke ọma, nwaa ka ị ghara ịmepụta VM nwere ihe karịrị ọkara nke ebe nchekwa ndị ọbịa. Nke a ga-enyere DRS aka ikesa igwe mebere n'ofe sava ụyọkọ n'enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla. Iwu a, n'ezie, abụghị eluigwe na ala :).
- Lelee maka oti mkpu na-eji ebe nchekwa ndị ọbịa.
- Echefula ịwụnye Ngwa VMware na VM ma gbanyụọ Ballooning.
- Tụlee ịme Inter-VM TPS na gbanyụọ nnukwu ibe na VDI na gburugburu ule.
- Ọ bụrụ na VM na-enwe nsogbu arụmọrụ, lelee ma ọ na-eji ebe nchekwa site na oghere NUMA dịpụrụ adịpụ.
- Wepụ VM gị na Swap ngwa ngwa o kwere mee! Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na VM dị na Swap, maka ihe doro anya, usoro nchekwa ahụ na-ata ahụhụ.
Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile maka RAM. N'okpuru ebe a bụ isiokwu metụtara maka ndị chọrọ igwu n'ime nkọwa. Isiokwu na-esonụ ga-etinye aka na storadzh.
Njikọ ndị bara uru
isi: www.habr.com