Dị ka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ anyị si mara, Qrator.Radar na-agwụ ike na-enyocha njikọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke usoro BGP, yana njikọ mpaghara. Ebe ọ bụ na "Internet" dị mkpụmkpụ maka "netwọọdụ ndị jikọrọ ọnụ," ụzọ kachasị mma iji hụ na ịdị elu dị elu na ọsọ nke ọrụ ya bụ site na njikọ bara ụba na nke dị iche iche nke netwọk nke onye ọ bụla, nke mmepe ya na-akpali isi site na asọmpi.
Nkwụghachi nke njikọ ịntanetị na mpaghara ma ọ bụ obodo ọ bụla metụtara ọnụọgụ ụzọ ọzọ dị n'etiti sistemụ kwụụrụ onwe - AS. Otú ọ dị, dị ka anyị ugboro ugboro dere na Nkwụsi ike nke mba nke akụkụ nke netwọkụ ụwa, ụzọ ụfọdụ na-adị mkpa ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụzọ ndị na-enyefe njem Tier-1 ma ọ bụ AS ndị na-akwado sava DNS ikike) - nke a pụtara na ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ụzọ ọzọ dị ka o kwere mee. N'ikpeazụ, nke a bụ naanị ụzọ dị mma iji hụ na ntụkwasị obi sistemụ (n'echiche AS).
N'oge a, anyị ga-elebakwu anya na nhazi nke akụkụ Ịntanetị nke Russian Federation. Enwere ihe mere ị ga-eji lekwasị anya na akụkụ a: dịka data sitere na nchekwa data RIPE na-edeba aha, 6183 AS n'ime 88664 edebanyere aha zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ nke Russian Federation, nke bụ 6,87%.
Pasent a na-etinye Russia n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'ụwa maka ihe ngosi a, ozugbo United States gachara (30,08% nke AS edebanyere aha) na tupu Brazil, nke nwere 6,34% nke sistemụ niile kwụụrụ onwe ya. Mmetụta na-ebilite site na mgbanwe na njikọta Russian , dabere ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ njikọ enyere na, n'ikpeazụ, n'ogo nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eweta ịntanetị ọ bụla.
nnyocha
Eserese 1. Nkesa sistemụ kwụụrụ onwe n'etiti mba dị na IPv4 na IPv6, mba 20 kacha elu.
Na IPv4, 33933 n'ime 774859 netwọkụ a na-ahụ anya zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ndị na-eweta ịntanetị sitere na Russian Federation mara ọkwa, nke na-anọchite anya 4,38% ma tinye mpaghara ịntanetị Russia n'ọnọdụ nke ise na ọkwa a. Prefixes ndị a, ekwuputara naanị site na ngalaba RU, kpuchie adreesị IP pụrụ iche 4,3*10^7 sitere na 2,9*10^9 ekwuputara n'ụwa niile-1,51%, ebe 11th.
Eserese 2. Nkesa prefixes netwọk n'etiti mba dị na IPv4, mba 20 kacha elu
N'ime IPv6, 1831 n'ime 65532 zuru ụwa ọnụ prefixes a na-ahụ anya bụ ndị ISP sitere na Russian Federation mara ọkwa, na-anọchite anya 2,79% na 7th ebe. Prefixes ndị a na-ekpuchi adreesị IPv1.3 pụrụ iche 10*32^6 sitere na 1,5*10^34 ekwuputara n'ụwa niile-0,84% na ebe 18th.
Eserese 3. Nkesa prefixes netwọk n'etiti mba dị na IPv6, mba 20 kacha elu
Nha omenala
Otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụzọ a ga-esi enyocha njikọta na ntụkwasị obi nke ịntanetị n'otu mba bụ ịkwado sistemụ kwụụrụ onwe nke mpaghara enyere site na ọnụọgụ prefixes akpọsara. Otú ọ dị, usoro a na-adị mfe iji deaggregation, nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-edozi site na nzacha prefixes gabigara ókè na akụrụngwa nke ndị na-eweta Ịntanetị, bụ isi n'ihi uto na-enweghị atụ na-adịgide adịgide nke tebụl ntụgharị na-eburu ebe nchekwa.
20 kacha elu IPv4
20 kacha elu IPv6
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ prefixes
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ prefixes
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
PIN-AS
366
42385
RIPN-RU
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
ENFORTA-AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
RU-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
Họrọ
213
57026
CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
Ọnụ ego nke MGL-AS
17
15774
TTK-RTL
193
41682
ERTH-TMN-AS
17
12418
QUANTUM
191
21191
ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
SELECTEL-MSK
188
41843
ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
184
42682
ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK-AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
VORONEZH-AS
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-AS
15
Tebụl 1. Nha AS site na ọnụọgụ nke prefixes ekwuputara
Anyị na-eji mkpokọta oghere adreesị mgbasa ozi dị ka metrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka iji nha sistemu kwụụrụ onwe ya atụnyere, nke na-ekpebi ike ya na oke ọ ga-eru. Metiriki a anaghị adị mkpa mgbe niile na IPv6 n'ihi amụma oke adreesị RIPE NCC IPv6 dị ugbu a yana nkwụghachi ụgwọ arụnyere n'ime protocol.
Nke nta nke nta, ọnọdụ a ga-edozi site na uto nke iji IPv6 na mpaghara Russia nke Ịntanetị na mmepe nke omume maka ịrụ ọrụ na protocol IPv6.
20 kacha elu IPv4
20 kacha elu IPv6
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ nke adreesị IP
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ nke adreesị IP
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
mmebe
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
NCNET-AS
523264
202984
otu onye ọbịa
1.27*10^30
25513
ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Elight-AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
336896
47764
mairu-as
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
PIN-AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-AS
319488
45027
INETTECH-AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-AS
303104
3267
RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
PTERSTAR-AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
ZTELECOM-AS
266240
42244
ESERVER
6.44*10^29
Tebụl 2. Nha AS site na ọnụ ọgụgụ adreesị IP akpọsara
Metiriks abụọ ahụ—ọnụọgụ prefixes akpọsara na mkpokọta oghere adreesị—nwere ike ijikwa ya. Ọ bụ ezie na anyị ahụghị omume dị otú ahụ site na AS ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'oge ọmụmụ ihe.
Njikọta
Enwere isi ụdị mmekọrịta atọ dị n'etiti sistemu kwụụrụ onwe ya:
• Onye ahịa: na-akwụ ụgwọ AS ọzọ maka njem okporo ụzọ;
• Onye mmekọ ibe: AS na-agbanwe okporo ụzọ nke ya na nke ndị ahịa n'efu;
• Onye na-eweta: na-anata ụgwọ maka mbufe okporo ụzọ site na AS ndị ọzọ.
Dịka, ụdị mmekọrịta ndị a bụ otu maka ndị na-enye Ịntanetị abụọ ọ bụla, nke akwadoro na mpaghara nke Russian Federation anyị na-atụle. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ na ndị ISP abụọ nwere ụdị mmekọrịta dị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ ịkekọrịta n'efu na Europe mana inwe mmekọrịta azụmahịa na Asia.
20 kacha elu IPv4
20 kacha elu IPv6
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ ndị ahịa na mpaghara
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ ndị ahịa na mpaghara
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
RASCOM-AS
223
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-DỊ KA
58
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-DỊ KA
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
COMCOR-AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
40
2854
ROSPRINT-AS
152
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
143
3267
RUNNET
26
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
143
25478
IHOME-AS
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SonicDUO-AS
94
199599
CIREX
17
3267
RUNNET
93
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
13
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
87
8732
COMCOR-AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
PROMETEY
12
31261
GARS-AS
80
49063
DTLN
11
25478
IHOME-AS
78
42861
FOTONTELECOM
10
12695
DINET-AS
76
56534
PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET-AS
73
48858
Milecom-dị ka
8
Tebụl 3. AS njikọta site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ahịa
Ọnụọgụ ndị ahịa nke AS nyere na-egosipụta ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eweta ọrụ njikọta ịntanetị ozugbo nye ndị ahịa azụmaahịa.
20 kacha elu IPv4
20 kacha elu IPv6
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ ndị mmekọ ibe na mpaghara
ASN
AS Aha
Ọnụọgụ ndị mmekọ ibe na mpaghara
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
LANTA-AS
432
3267
RUNNET
86
15672
Ụlọ ọrụ TZTELECOM
430
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO-AS
424
60764
TK-Telecom
74
39087
PAKT-AS
422
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
52
199805
UGO-AS
418
42861
FOTONTELECOM
32
200487
FASTTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
SUMTEL-AS-RIPE
399
20764
RASCOM-AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
MEGAGROUP-AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
SOLID-IFC
347
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-AS
343
42385
RIPN-RU
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-AS
310
3216
SOVAM-AS
12
42861
FOTONTELECOM
303
49063
DTLN
12
25227
ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
OBTEL-AS
11
Tebụl 4. AS njikọta site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmekọ ibe
Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmekọ ọgbọ nwere ike melite njikọ nke mpaghara dum. Mgbanwe ịntanetị (IX) dị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na achọrọghị ya, ebe a-ISP ndị kasị ukwuu anaghị esonye na mgbanwe mpaghara (ya na ihe ndị a ma ama, dị ka NIXI) n'ihi ọdịdị azụmahịa ha.
Maka onye na-eweta ọdịnaya, ọnụọgụ ndị mmekọ ibe nwere ike ije ozi na-apụtaghị ìhè dị ka ihe na-egosi oke okporo ụzọ emepụtara - ihe mkpali iji gbanwee oke ya n'efu bụ ihe na-akpali akpali (nke zuru oke maka ọtụtụ ndị na-enye ịntanetị) ịhụ onye na-eweta ọdịnaya. dị ka onye tozuru oke maka ndị mmekọ ọgbọ. Enwekwara ikpe ndị ọzọ mgbe ndị na-enye ọdịnaya anaghị akwado iwu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ịrịba ama nke njikọ mpaghara, nke na-eme ka ihe ngosi a ghara ịdị oke mma maka ịkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-eweta ọdịnaya, ya bụ, olu nke okporo ụzọ ha na-emepụta.
20 kacha elu IPv4
20 kacha elu IPv6
ASN
AS Aha
Nha cone ndị ahịa
ASN
AS Aha
Nha cone ndị ahịa
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
SOVAM-AS
143
20764
RASCOM-AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-DỊ KA
1407
3267
RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
RUNNET
664
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-DỊ KA
65
25478
IHOME-AS
616
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
54
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IHOME-AS
33
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
459
199599
CIREX
24
57724
DDOS-Nche
349
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
UNITEDNET
20
199599
CIREX
290
15835
Map
15
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
227
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
PROMETEY
14
8641
NAUKANET-AS
169
49063
DTLN
13
Tebụl 5. AS Njikọta site ahịa cone size
Cone onye ahịa bụ nhazi nke AS niile na-adabere ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè na sistemụ kwụụrụ onwe a na-ajụ. Site n'echiche akụ na ụba, AS ọ bụla n'ime cone ndị ahịa bụ, ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè, onye ahịa na-akwụ ụgwọ. N'ọkwa dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ AS n'ime cone ndị ahịa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-azụ ahịa kpọmkwem, bụ isi ihe na-egosi njikọ.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị akwadola gị tebụl ọzọ na-elele njikọta na isi RuNet. Site n'ịghọta nhazi nke isi njikọ njikọ mpaghara, dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ahịa kpọmkwem na nha cone ndị ahịa maka AS ọ bụla na mpaghara ahụ, anyị nwere ike gbakọọ otú ha si dị anya site na mpaghara ISPs backhaul kasị ukwuu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala, njikọ dị elu. "1" pụtara na ụzọ niile a na-ahụ anya nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na mpaghara mpaghara.
IPv4 kacha elu 20
IPv6 kacha elu 20
ASN
AS Aha
Ogo njikọ
ASN
AS Aha
Ogo njikọ
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAkomnet
1.17
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.19
48061
GPM-TECH-AS
1.11
41722
MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
SYSTEMPROJECTS-DỊ KA
1.25
41268
LANTA-AS
1.13
41268
LANTA-AS
1.25
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-DỊ KA
1.16
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
20485
TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET-AS
1.25
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-RU
1.25
47764
mairu-as
1.25
48297
DOORHAN
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-AS
1.25
203730
SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
MIRALOGIC-AS
1.25
24739
SEVEN-TELECOM
1.29
Tebụl 6. Njikọ AS site na anya na isi nke njikọ mpaghara
Kedu ihe a ga-eme iji melite njikọta n'ozuzu ya na, n'ihi ya, nkwụsi ike, ntụkwasị obi na nchekwa nke obodo ọ bụla, Russian Federation karịsịa? Nke a bụ naanị ole na ole n'ime usoro:
- Mwepụ ụtụ isi na uru ndị ọzọ maka ndị ọrụ mpaghara nke ebe mgbanwe okporo ụzọ, yana ịnweta ha n'efu;
- Mfe ala n'efu ma ọ bụ dị ọnụ ala maka ịtọ ahịrị nkwurịta okwu fiber-optic;
- Inwe ọzụzụ na nkuzi nkuzi maka ndị ọrụ nka na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ, gụnyere nkuzi na usoro ọzụzụ ndị ọzọ gbasara omume kacha mma maka ịrụ ọrụ na BGP. RIPE NCC na-ahazi ụfọdụ n'ime ha, .
Ihe omuma a gosiputara n'elu bu ihe si na nyocha nke Qrator Labs mere na mpaghara Internetntanetị nke abuo nke abuo nke Russian Federation (nke a makwaara dika "Runet"), dabere na data mepere emepe anakọtara ma hazie n'ime oru ngo a. . A na-ekwupụta ihe ngosi nke ọmụmụ ihe zuru ezu dị ka ogbako n'ime usoro nke n'ọnwa Julaị. Enwere ike izipu arịrịọ maka data yiri nke ahụ maka akụkụ nke obodo na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na adreesị ozi-e .
isi: www.habr.com